操作系统概念(英文)——大纲及总结.ppt

1、Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,1,CHAPTER 1,OS definition, functionalities Classification of computer systems and operating systems (multiprogramming, , time-sharing/interactive systems, (hard, soft) real time systems/embedded systems, batch systems, distributed systems, parallel systems) Parall

2、el vs. Concurrent, multiple programming,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,2,Interrupt vs. trap(陷阱、内部中断) Storage structure and hierarchy caching, Fig. 1.4 Dual mode operation and privileged instructions (1.5) System call,CHAPTER 1,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,3,CHAPTER 2,Services provided by

3、 OS (2.1)，见下图 Interfaces between OS and Users (2.2) System calls as API (概念、原理, 2.3) Types of system calls (2.4了解) (2.7) System structure: simple, layered, microkernel, module, 各自结构特点、每类结构的代表性OS (2.8) the concepts of virtual machine 四种虚拟方式 (2.9) system booting （概念、过程）,Services: what functions does t

4、he OS provide for OS users, or supporting programs executing , viewpoints of OS userscomponents: how to provide these services, viewpoints of OS designers/developers,device controllers I/O devices,memory controllers secondary memory (disk, tape),CPU,main memory,program Execution (dynamic),User inter

5、faces,file system manipulation,communication,error detection,process management,main memory management,file management,I/O system management,Secondary storage management,networking,Command-interpreter system,resource allocation,accounting,protection and security,OS components/functions,hardware,serv

6、ices,(2.1),(1.2),Fig. 2.0.1,I/O operations,device controllers I/O devices,memory controllers secondary memory (disk, tape),CPU,main memory,Command Statements: process, I/O, memory, file, protection, networking (GUI, MMI),OS kernels (parts of OS components , 2.7),Hardware,drivers (chapter13),system c

7、alls (or API, 2.3/2.4 ),Command-interpreter system( or Shell, 2.2.1 ),Persons,Application programs,Operating system,System Programs(2.5),System libraries,Compilers, Assemblers Loader, linkage, debuger,Text editors,Other system software, i.e. DBMS, MS Office2000,System software,communication,Fig. 2.0

8、.2,Users,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,6,summary,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,7,CHAPTER 3,(3.1) Process concept: why processes needed, definition of processes, process vs. program Process states and state transitions! CPU switch, PCB, components of processes (3.2) Process Scheduling: sc

9、heduling queues, long-term, medium-term, short-term, 各自作用; Context of the process and context switch Process creation and termination (了解),Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,8,CHAPTER 3,process cooperating : independent process or cooperating process I/O bound process, CPU bound process Interproces

10、s Communication : message-passing system memory-sharing pipe, signal,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,9,CHAPTER 4,definition of thread, benefits of thread, process vs. thread user-level threads (ULT) and kernel-level threads (KLT) multithreading models,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,10,CHAPT

11、ER 5,Concepts about CPU scheduling5.1: CPU-I/O bursts, scheduling, scheduler vs. dispatcher, preemptive vs. nonpreemptive when CPU scheduling occurs Scheduling Criteria (5.2) Several scheduling algorithms (5.3): FIFO, SJFS, priority, RR, HRRF（做题）,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,11,CHAPTER 6,Conc

12、epts of synchronization shared/nonshared resources, mutual exclusively, synchronization in producer-consumer problem (Bounded-Buffer) Processes synchronizing methods on four levels of computer systems: hardware, OS, system programs or programming environments, application software (6.2) Critical-Sec

13、tion Problem : three requirements for solutions to critical-section problem（P194), general structure of the process (Fig.6.1),Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,12,CHAPTER 6,Semaphores: definitions, wait/signal operators, physical implications for semaphores Two types of semaphores, usage in mutual

14、 exclusion and synchronization, Semaphore implementation ：busy-waiting, non-busy- waiting Concepts of deadlock and starvation Bounded-Buffer Problem, Readers-Writers Problem, Dining-Philosophers Problem： （1）基于信号量、管程的求解 （2） 应用题 Monitors：概念、原理, structure,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,13,CHAPTER

15、7,Resource-allocation and Deadlock: concept of deadlocks, resource-allocation model (7.1); Necessary conditions for deadlock (7.2); resource-allocation graph Three methods for deadlock handling(7.3, 原理) Deadlock prevention (7.4): no preemption based, circular wait based (有序资源使用法) 主要破坏的条件： hold-and-w

16、ait, circular wait,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,14,Deadlock avoidance (7.5) principle, resource-allocation state, safe state, safe sequence; Resource-Allocation Graph Algorithm for the systems with only one instance; bankers Algorithm 做题！ Deadlock detection-recovery (7.6, 7.7) principle, dete

17、ction for single-instance-resource system (wait-for graph ), detection for multiple-instance-resource system ( the detection algorithm), methods for recovery 做题！,CHAPTER 7,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,15,CHAPTER 8,Symbol Address Space， Logical vs. Physical Address Space , Address binding (add

18、ress mapping among three address spaces, 地址变换与重定位)， compile-assembly-linkage-load-executing (Fig.8.3) 三种地址变换时刻 Base register, limit register and address translation and protection Swapping (概念) (8.3) Contiguous memory Allocation: principle, allocation method (fixed-sized partitions, 可变分区法), algorith

19、ms for selecting available hole for the incoming process , fragmentation, memory protection,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,16,(8.4) Paging : basic method, page, frame, address mapping and page tables, frame table; memory allocation for the incoming process (best fit, .); fragmentation; hardware

20、 support for implementation of page table ( kept in registers, kept in memory, ); memory protection (read-write or read-only, valid-invalid bit );,CHAPTER 8,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,17,structure of the page table, page sharing (了解)； 做题!： (1) 逻辑-物理地址空间变换 （2）EAT, hit rate, TLB,CHAPTER 8,Jan

21、 2010,Operating System Concepts-,18,Segmentation principle and basic method, logical address space; segmentation table/segmentation structure, address mapping; memory allocation for segmentation; fragmentation Paging with segmentation 地址变换过程,CHAPTER 8,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,19,CHAPTER 9

22、,VM concepts, implementation of virtual memory (demand paging, demand segmentation) (9.2) Demand paging principle, validinvalid bits in page table; Process executing and page fault handling (Fig.9.6); Hardware support ( page table, swap space), EAT 计算(缺页中断处理)！ Memory mapped file, COW (概念),Jan 2010,O

23、perating System Concepts-,20,CHAPTER 9,(9.4) Page replacement: page replacement procedure; several algorithms: FIFO, OPR, LRU; second-chance: P337 Fig.9.17 也称为时钟置换算法（CLOCK） counting-based: LFU, MFU 做题！,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,21,CHAPTER 9,(9.5) Allocation of frames minimum number of fram

24、es; principles of global vs. local allocation, (9.6) Thrashing: definition, cause; locality assumption, working-set model， strategy of frame allocation for processes based on working-set model,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,22,CHAPTER 10,(10.1) Concepts of file and file system, why file system

25、needed File system structure (Fig.11.1), logical file system, physical file system File attributes, file operations, file types File logical structures stream-based structure, record-based structure, index-base file Access Methods sequential, direct/random, indexed 做题,Jan 2010,Operating System Conce

26、pts-,23,CHAPTER 10,Directory Structure FCB, directory, directory entry; operations on directory; directory structure (了解) File mounting (概念, 了解) File sharing and protection (概念, 了解),Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,24,CHAPTER 11,(11.1) File system structure Fig.11.1, 各层的功能 (11.2) Data structure f

27、or file-system implementation: on-disk structure, in-memory structure, FCB, partition and mounting; VFS (11.3) Directory implementation linear list, hash table (11.4) Storage allocation for files(文件物理结构) contiguous (extent-based), linked, indexed 习题 （根据目录结构计算文件最大size） Free space management bit vecto

28、r/map, linked list, grouping, counting,Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,25,CHAPTER 12,(12.1, 12.2) Mass-storage structure structure, principle, addressing of the disk, Fig.12.1; (12.3) Disk attachment (概念) (12.4) Disk scheduling (原理，特点, 算法) FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, Look (12.6) Swap-space management (了解) RAID (概念),Jan 2010,Operating System Concepts-,26,CHAPTER 13,Concepts device, devic