泛读UNIT07.ppt

1、英语阅读 （一）,第七讲 主讲 张昌宋,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),I. Key to Previous Exercises II. Text Explanation III. Glossary I. Key to Exercise A, Unit 7 1. Thy try to understand the way that people,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),interpret what they see. 2. Your brain interpr

2、ets the information your eyes give you. 3. Psychologists have found that people learn to understand and interpret what they see easily.,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),4. Sometimes we make mistakes and sometimes we are wrong. 5. The way we see things is more complicated than we imagi

3、ned. Key to Exercise B TFTFF FTTTT,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),II. Text Explanation When you read a comprehension text, you will inevitably find some words you dont know. Sometimes you take time out to look up a new word in the dictionary, but doing that too many times slows down

4、 your reading. In fact, you can often figure out(推测) meaning for new words or expressions without using the dictionary. Using,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),context clues(根据上下文提供的线索) in word recognition means figuring out the meaning of a word based on clues in the surrounding conte

5、xt. These clues could be found in the sentence with the word, in the sentence before, or in the sentences following the word. Most authors realize that some readers have problems with difficult words and deliberately put in clues that,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),will enable the r

6、eader not only to recognize the words but also to get the meaning of the words. Authors also write in such a way as to prevent misreading due to personal interpretation. A word could have a different meaning to different people with differing backgrounds of knowledge and experience. The author will

7、put a clue in the writing to indicate to the reader the interpretation that is intended.,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),Context clues will be easier if you are familiar with some of the kinds of clues often found in sentences. Following are some common kinds of clues with examples a

8、nd an explanation of each. Context Clue 1: Definition(定义) Sometimes a writer knows that a word is,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),unfamiliar or strange to many readers. To make the word easier to understand, the writer may include a definition of the word in a sentence. This context

9、clue is the easiest one to spot(认出). Look at the following examples: a. All other birthdays are called sing il (born day). The sixty-first birthday is called huan gup,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),(beginning of new life). b. The harbor is protected by a jetty -a wall built out into

10、 the water. c. Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind. Context Clue 2: Restatement(再述),Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),More often, you may find a restatement, which tells you almost as much as a definition. Look at these examples: a. He had a wan look. He was so pale

11、and weak that we thought he was ill. b. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a noxious gas which can cause death.,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),c. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily. Context Clue 3: General Knowledge(常识) More often than not, the meaning of many

12、words can be readily(容易地) guessed if you use your own experience or general knowledge of the,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),subject. Look at the following examples: a. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel . b. Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillio

13、n ,and we roared off into the night. c.“We have found that no one in the freshman,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),class can add, multiply, subtract or divide simple sums. Therefore, we are setting up a special remedial arithmetic course,” Context Clue 4: Related (相关的)information Some

14、times you can make an intelligent guess of the meaning of some new words or expressions,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),if you put together related information from the surrounding text. Just look at the following examples: a. “ She went to school for 12 years and she cant write a se

15、ntence?”Timken said. “They made an illiterate out of my daughter!” b. Timken was now angry Once again he flew,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),into a rage. c. Just before the exam, Carls hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach

16、ached, even though he knew the subject very well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests. d. Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),believe that government control is the solution to the

17、problem of the rising cost of fuel. When you come across(遇到) a new word or expression in a comprehension passage, you are well advised to notice how the word or expression is repeated later in the text. Generally the more often it is used, the easier it is to,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word mean

18、ings(I),understand. Take the piece “Learning to Read-in College ”.The expression remedial class is repeated three times in the text: - “We are happy to announce that we started a remedial reading class for college freshmen and strongly advise that your daughter Laura participate in it. If she doesnt

19、, it is our opinion that Laura will not be able to keep up with her studies .”,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),- “The English Department has informed us that your daughter Laura cannot write . They have suggested that she enroll in the remedial writing class .” - “We have found that

20、no one in the freshman class can add, multiply, subtract or divide simple sums. .Therefore we are setting up a special remedial arithmetic course .”,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),If you read the text carefully enough and notice the way the expression is repeated, you can easily fig

21、ure out that a remedial class means a class for those students who need special help to keep up their studies. Carefully read the following article without a dictionary, and then do Exercises A and B.,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),A New Toy I was eight years old when our neighbors

22、across the hall got a television. It was very small and very expensive, but that didnt matter( 可那算不了什么). It was wonderful. Everyone in the building came up to the fifth floor to see this latest wonder of the modern world(争睹这一当今世界的最新奇迹). Some people, the lucky ones, stayed for a while and got to watc

23、h a whole,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),program.That was in 1948. Soon a lot of people got new televisions, but not us. My parents didnt like television. They didnt think it was good for children. Being a good, docile son, I didnt argue with them(我是个听话的孩子,没跟他们争吵). But I did secretl

24、y watch television - at my friends homes. By 1955 televisions werent so expensive and,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),they were much larger. My parents still thought television wasnt good for us, but my sisters insisted. They said we were the only people in the neighborhood who didnt

25、 have one. All their friends talked about certain programs and actors, but my sisters couldnt. Their friends laughed at them, and sisters felt wretched , very unhappy(非常委屈, 十分苦恼). One day, my youngest sister came from school,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),and started to cry. She sai

26、d she was never going back to school and that life without a television wasnt worth living(她说她决不再上学了,还说生活中没有电视机活着不值得). She cried and sobbed. My parents usual arguments only made her more inconsolable(爸妈搬出的那老一套理由, 反倒更令她伤心) . Nothing they said made her feel any better. Well, what could they do?,Unit 8

27、 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),The next morning, without telling us, my parents went out and got a new TV. That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof. Suzanne came home from school and ran into the house. “Where is it? Where is it?” she cried. “I know its here.” She was breathless, and

28、 her eyes were shiny with excitement(她气喘吁吁,两眼兴奋得闪闪发光).,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),“Its in the living room( 在客厅里),” my mother said as my sister ran off to look at, to admire, this beautiful thing called a television(母亲话音刚落,小妹就跑过去,大量欣赏这个名为电视机的尤物). Later I asked her, How did you kn

29、ow the TV was here? The antenna. Now our house looks like,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),everyone elses. She had a wonderful smile on her face. When we were young our parents allowed us to watch TV two hours a night. Oh, yes. And we couldnt watch until our homework was finished. But

30、 after a year or two, TV wasnt exciting or new any more(电视的新鲜劲过了). It became just another part of our lives, like shoes or soap.,Unit 8 Using Context clues for Word Meanings(I),My parents still had fears about TV. We were going to forget how to read, they said. And we were not going to read books be

31、cause watching TV was easier, they said. And TV was going to fill our minds with violence(电视会往我们的脑子里灌满暴力), they said. They said lots of things like that(说了好多好多诸如此类的话) - once a day at least. I disagreed with them. I thought they,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),were old-fashioned , thi

32、nking too much of old ways and ideas(太守旧,脑子里的旧观念太多). Today, people still argue about the value of TV. (仍在争论电视的作用)Nobody can deny the power of TV. It has an enormous , a very powerful, influence on our lives(对我们的生活有着巨大的强有力的影响). On the average(平均说来), Americans spend 30 hours a week watching TV.,Unit 8

33、 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),Is this influence good or bad? This is an unanswerable question indeed: It is hard enough to measure influence; and it is even harder to decide what is good and what isnt(影响本来就难以估量,要评定什么是好什么是坏就更难了). What is good, I suppose, is that many people are concerned about TVs influence and that we have the power to change what we dont like(我,Unit 8 Using Context Clues for Word Meanings(I),认为好就好在很多人都关心电视的影响,而且对我们不喜欢的东西我们也有能力加以改变). Recently I read an article in the newspaper about the people of Monhegan Island(蒙希根岛), 18 kilometers off t