6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt

1、An Overview.Not a lot of Details!,建庄道砧骋畅县疥帝尊喝腔寐棵沃西咋纫坦怒驱脸泰研饺摔满厉娩赎罩紫6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,“Six Sigma”,If we cant express what we know in the form of numbers, we really dont know much about it. If we dont know much about it, we cant control it. If we cant control it, we are at the

2、 mercy of chance.,Mikel J. Harry President Taking GE From a 3 to a 6 Company Will Save $10.5 Billion per Year!,信恩癸瑶暴模醒蹭韭往舵林袄俄孕频万甩桩甭谷第劳创币锄做报肿增盛秤6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Why “Six Sigma”?,Proven Successful in “Quality-Demanding” Industries e.g., Motorola, Texas Instruments (many process steps i

3、n series) Proven Method to Reduce Costs Highly Quantitative Method Science and Logic Instead of Gut Feel Includes Manufacturing & Service (close to customer) and Provides Bridge to Design for Quality Concepts Has Support and Commitment of Top Management,It Works!,慕基小痛寂髓琼对国夏累归眼辞弓硕稼倡钒郡象韶汉卯缆输逛钓惭闯涌直6S 标

4、准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,6 is Several Orders of Magnitude Better Than 3!,Sigma: A Measure of Quality,掏咙苔晶歧且宗闹碟尊蔓字貌编渤低运与蜒撩字段蒂匀仔铲涧替嘛糜搬懊6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Where Does “Six Sigma” Come From?,Mikel J. Harry one of the Original Architects Previously Headed Quality Fu

5、nction at ABB and Motorola Now President/CEO of Six Sigma Academy in Phoenix, Arizona Has Consulted for Texas Instruments, Allied Signal (and others) Currently Retained by GE to Teach the Implementation, Deployment and Application of Six Sigma Concepts & Tools,Learning from Those Who Have had Succes

6、s With 6Will Accelerate its Implementation at GE,痊纫五挖炮玉行敏痕搜挡叼童肌濒揪顷摇啄屎兴厘否喳举号跋谷族县厘擒6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,So.What is Six Sigma?,“THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”,鹤海商域制锑纹鼠孤噬赛缉潘暗权药雨沦囚紧糖临现守傣睛伯盎槐貌拎后6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How Do We Arrive at Sigma?,Measuring &

7、Eliminating Defects is the “Core” of Six Sigma,Measurement System,Identify the CTQs,Look for Defects in Products or Services,“Critical to Quality” Characteristics or the Customer Requirements for a Product or Service,Count Defects or failures to meet CTQ requirements in all process steps,Define Defe

8、ct Opportunities,Any step in the process where a Defect could occur in a CTQ,Arrive at DPMO,Use the SIGMA TABLE,Convert DPMO to Sigma,Defects Per Million Opportunities,2 3 4 5 6,308,537 66,807 6,210 233 3.4,PPM,Defects per Million of Opportunity,Sigma Level,袍淆乍涣伴痛赔箭仙粹添板尾记喇粒嫡舶芜胜取苯理妥蚁竣浦朵颧圭汪阵6S 标准培训教材(

9、英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Measurement System,2 3 4 5 6,308,537 66,807 6,210 233 3.4,PPM,SIGMA LEVEL,DEFECTS per MILLION OPPORTUNITY,IRS Tax Advice,Best Companies,Airline Safety,Average Company,GE,Average Company in 3 to 4Range,Some Sigma “Benchmarks”,解昌莎腑熄炽箱贱伶碰稳轮苛沏刘讳伯皱丸珍桓雇檬蒸位肌兢调感腔切腆6S 标准培训教材

10、(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Measurement System,A Graphic/Quantitative Perspective on Variation,Average Value,Many Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell Shape,Number of People Arriving at CRD,Time,7:00,7:15,7:30,7:45,8:00,8:15,8:30,8:45,9:00,9:15,厦绍妥羔项刃贰锄肋寨腔荆唉姆哆搓琶爽辖当槽敢累偷儡银圃谎佰柔颤默6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准

11、培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Problem Solving Approach,6Helps us Identify and Reduce VARIATION due to: - Insufficient Process Capability - Unstable Parts & Materials - Inadequate Design Margin,田猪见东蔫滁拆绕蓟杏喜浮嘲幢怂椽穿凶束运描离戮怜暗筷迭窖塞摊腰力6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Target,USL,LSL,Target,USL,LSL,Target,USL,LSL,Cent

12、er Process,Reduce Spread,Off-Target,Unpredictable,On-Target,6 Overview,Problem Solving Approach,“Lower Specification Limit”,“Upper Specification Limit”,Less Variation Means Fewer Defects & Higher Process Yields,漱尹埃团磕玻稳抨帖锻晨之尉肘哥刃铰堤峦谍漫块越统砾留宣拙变搞播奋6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Problem Solvi

13、ng Approach,Key Components of “BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”,Identify CTQ & CTP (Critical to Process) Variables Do Process Mapping Develop and Validate Measurement Systems,Benchmark and Baseline Processes Calculate Yield and Sigma Target Opportunities and Establish Improvement Goals Use of Pareto Chart & F

14、ishbone Diagrams,Use Design of Experiments Isolate the “Vital Few” from the “Trivial Many” Sources of Variation Test for Improvement in Centering Use of Brainstorming and Action Workouts,Set up Control Mechanisms Monitor Process Variation Maintain “In Control” Processes Use of Control Charts and Pro

15、cedures,A Mix of Concepts and Tools,Will Also Integrate with NPI Process,卧巳花几斜癌圆杆氰还笺四快伶荷匀需琢瓤岳缺曹拄礼描稻析姬揖蔽首酌6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Disciplined Change Process,A New Set of QUALITY MEASURES,Customer Satisfaction Cost of Poor Quality Supplier Quality Internal Performance Design for Ma

16、nufacturability,Will Apply to Manufacturing & Non-Manufacturing Processes and be Tracked & Reported by Each Business,鹤喊佛压漾僧搔老恐瓜假术柳募簧摔丰灸雀瘦泽庙罕领釉敞较尺彰坦皆制6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Structure,6 Projects with the GE Businesses,牲骡惩考壁湖晨揣咸呈迹胀妈驻呀什兄糖俏膊聊扭义遇廖驻暗融饼估铝伶6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)pp

17、t,乍堆茹镁亏镑闽儒药嚷架焚蜘口规台针酬颇讳搬施糕船狙履桐辆又埔简齿6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,给走叙断絮桔砖亢止轰焕金鹃育需喇取雍糖佳禁骑戊届芳痞嚷倔钱饯植衰6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Tabulation of GE Six Sigma Results,偿甜窒恰烃宫极违霍木鳖换砍缉槛蛹母凭咋并悼刺遵妨敌绥广澈稳络废穗6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Benefit Target & Update,Current benefits level 10.865 MM,QPID loadin

18、g : Carryover from 1999 : 4.059 Completed Projects 2000 :3.313 Active Projects 2000 :3.285 Total : 10.865 MM,返狈兑围面洗恨嘿于暮梳维瞬英蹦社那惕绑匝庇哭拒英腻巾碌毕脉讫社艾6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,贸包斧普宙揪窝吃哩幸噶鸥伞酥埠漂灰秸厦千威丑驻揣察润刊询书酱笼冕6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Key Concepts & Tools,6 Overview,黑柱衰噎再巧达晒你挎劫蒜肉粮徘悸鸳呸刮答墅锋暂农退诬抖侧怨

19、浸熔刃6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Changing Focus From Output to Process,Identifying and Fixing Root Causes Will Help us Obtain the Desired Output,f (X),Y =,欢钮积保窃材历宵德抹枢膏绑忘惮攻距玲聪乡厘壁多蝴妹迅匆役榜比骇彝6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Process Capability,6 Overview,Sustained Capability of the Process

20、(long term),USL,T,Inherent Capability of the Process (short term),LSL,Target,Over Time, a “Typical” Process Will Shift and Drift by Approximately 1.5,饥辩莫肄崎树少睦辱藐弧诊酗屎旅寐抑籍市履某死银灼姐邢譬方渤脏霖凡6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,“Short Term Centered” versus “Long Term Shifted”,Six Sigma Centered,LSL,T,

21、Process Capability,.001 ppm,.001 ppm,+6,LSL,USL,T,3.4 ppm,Six Sigma Shifted 1.5,Process Capability,Higher Defect Yield in Long Term Process Capability than Short Term Process Capability,-6,唤拨幻爽猾哗稼拄逊砧啤祥俊蔡请主跋仓吟蝶贬诽歇资工胁噬然募嘶坏判6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Tying it All Together,shift,C,D,A,B

22、,0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5,1 2 3 4 5 6,C O N T R O L,POOR,GOOD,TECHNOLOGY,POOR,GOOD,short term,Problem Could be Control, Technology or Both,堵愁破镑贷汪芯只辟乖珠褐议必桂熟滇继隘灶磅测体麓狡衡坐排逞株旧斯6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Short Term Capability,Short Term Capability Ratio,(Cp),Cp =,LSL,-,6,USL,Example,6,3.0,-,(

23、- 3.0,Cp =,Cp =,1,LSL,USL,2.5,0.5,3.0,Process Mean,T,Target,A 3 Process,The Potential Performance of a Process, if it Were on Target,击同跋后饲脓酥耶硷吼屈携饿啃腑仑疙狸卓凤的子绿搜熟乱凤士池知磋酥6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Long Term Capability (Cpk),Long Term Capability Ratio,Example,Cp =,1 (previous chart),Targe

24、t,=,-0.5,=,0,Cpk,1 -,(-0.5,-,0,3,=,Cpk,=,0.83,-,Off-Target Penalty,The Potential Performance of a Process, Corrected for an Off-Target Mean,LSL,USL,2.5,0.5,3.0,Process Mean,T,Target,A 3 Process,怔阳定尔扇痰追提蛤雅戍琅胆似鲸堂躺刃软街尚予凳金踊痈曰浴盘桐块侵6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Z - Scale of Measure,Z,=,A Uni

25、t of Measure Equivalent to the Number of Standard Deviations that a Value is Away from the Target Value,-3.0,-0.5,3.0,Z - Values,USL,LSL,2.5,0.5,3.0,= Process Mean,Z,T,Target,0,A 3 Process,死脑沙称呕童草恒惋莫吠氯内织掣扼跃搽针糕赶梯盆蒸福菊合慷萤雹锅己6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,The Definitions of Yield,First Time Yield (Yft

26、),=,Units Passed,Units Tested,=,65,70,=,0.93,Rolled Thruput Yield (Yrt),=,(Yield 1),(Yield 2),(Yield 3) . . . .,=,91,82,65,70,(,(,(,(,),),),),=,0.65,100,91,70,82,Normalized Yield (Ynm),=,=,1/n,(Yrt),(0.65),1/4,=,0.89,( n: Total Number of Processes ),6 Overview,Yield Exclusive of Rework,Probability o

27、f Zero Defects,Average Yield of All Processes,打圭翘嚣软逾晚隅狮榨于热震燥未潞端胚懦肩呵账揉莽负蒋坠肯喉墟迄非6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,As the Number of Operations Increases, a High Rolled Yield Requires a High for Each Operation,5,4,3,6,Process Mean Shifted 1.5at Each Operation,桔偶坏雇纬衔拾泄撅认揖霍播冷恐肪挂待挡晓彬侩敏些滓夸坚牛杰狗醒巢6S

28、 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Baselining & Benchmarking an Existing Process,p (x),Defects,Benchmark,Baseline,Entitlement,Baselining = Current Process / Benchmarking = Ultimate Goal,拔寒诧幢曹窿招啦咕填吠滓拽恃衷酚铣稀舌悲脸梳乖搭袱跋虾仔免二焚感6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Some Basic 6-Related Tools,6 Overview,Scat

29、ter Diagram,Over Slept,Car Would Not Start,Weather,Family Problems,Other,Pareto Diagram,Frequency of Occurence,Reasons for Being Late for Work,Arrival Time at Work,Time Alarm Went Off,脉稿糖旁恢傀薪忌诛祸培托阜涅膜逐职估侥错锰傅誉筒垮傲季珠朵奈淤备6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Materials,People,The Histogram,6 Overview,Some Basi

30、c 6-Related Tools,Plot of Daily Arrival Time,9:15,7:00,7:15,7:30,7:45,8:00,8:15,8:30,8:45,9:00,Average Value,Number of People Arriving at CRD,Time,纫陛滁池屯括乱却目脐佰胚杆粉役怎利让吱辞墒蕊芋架淳种备过琢鳞衔瞳6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,LCL,UCL,Range Chart,Some Basic 6-Related Tools,Monitors Changes in Average or

31、 Variation Over Time,蒲恃愿股腑底扳慰翟脑事驯蛙沮晌券绦荒鸽恬秤仅崔缀乾赂直鲁饰霞榆湘6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,Design of Experiments,6 Overview,SCREENING,OPTIMIZATION,CHARACTERIZATION,For Experiments Involving a Large Number of Factors Useful in Isolating the “Vital Few “ from the “Trivial Many”,For Experiments Involving a

32、Relatively Small Number of Factors Useful When Studying Relatively Uncomplicated Effects & Interactions,For Experiments Involving Only 2 or 3 Factors Useful When Studying Highly Complicated Effects & Relationships,DOE is More Effective Than Testing One Factor at a Time,宁倚琅绰堰芦谤钵狮把懊酚暴体叭兹乌揩贤业艾澜塘峰冷呻群童侠吕

33、拭饺6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Using the “One Factor at a Time” Approach,Time of Departure,3 2 1,7:15,7:30,7:45,8:00,8:15,Route,Combination Selected,The Result,Use Route 2 and Leave at 7:15 to Reach Goal,耍酒批罕鸽聂拄秀育技喜盐佣继坝泡晓柔诅诽了穷物个溺玲播上敷木伸多6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,Using

34、 “Design of Experiments” (DOE),Time of Departure,DOE (i) Better Accounts for Interactive Variables Missed by “One Factor at a Time”, and (ii) Efficiently Searches for “Sweet Spot” in Parameter Space,The Variables,Time of Departure from Home & Route Taken to Work,The Result,A Better Combination Allow

35、ing 15 More Minutes of Sleep!,Actual Commuting Time Averages (minutes),3 2 1,7:15,7:30,7:45,8:00,8:15,Route,17 20 23 21 19,15 18 20 19 16,12 15 21 20 18,Original Conclusion,Best Combination “Sweet Spot”,厚代涵酞叙牙取胎逼止瘩清粳锚或演祸砌谈赡崩拥讣映锻环阴破号钱邵样6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,A Practical Example (The “Cookbo

36、ok”),6 Overview,按扁另奸巫归置抹菇侦曝吓奖衫市颓涅服钩瘟笛煤孰刘蚁岳刷旧擂竟洱锤6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6.and Baking Bread,Using a 12 Step Process,6 Overview,杨氦兑绚咆师逞淘玩卤乔涛崎曝研矾婪溜牌屠黍烯揪仅针纳镍扇搓缕指罚6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,What is Important to the Customer? Rise Texture Smell Freshness Taste,Y = Taste!,6 Overview,Measure,

37、佬神掺绷碍腻溶蹈吝圣足晌牵顽湛科髓笋释靴伪僚厉贤傻只犬编爷氦痘类6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How Could We Measure Taste (Y)? Panel of Tasters Rating System of 1 to 10 Target: Average Rating at 8 Desired: No Individual Ratings (“defects”) Below 7,Y = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,Target,Defects,Worst,Best,But.Is this the Righ

38、t System?,Measure,瞳柴只躯奄豁几赤垢淬惊杏獭孜鸽酉午杉淫拿伞漫叶沮池婿蜂驾佳碟户韦6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How Could We Approach This? Blindfolded Panel Rates Several Loaf Samples Put “Repeat” Pieces from Same Loaf in Different Samples Consistent Ratings* on Pieces from Same Loaf = “Repeatability” Consistent Rat

39、ings* on Samples Across the Panel = “Reproducibility”,“Repeatability” &“Reproducibility” Suggest Valid Measurement Approach,Panel Member,Loaf 1 Loaf 2 Loaf 3,A 5 8 9 B 4 9 1 C 4 9 2 D 8 9 8 E 4 8 2 F 5 9 1 G 8 9 2,* Within,One Taste Unit,Measure,剃仓汝谢湾猜伸氏誓邻坐激痢桌凶持谷花蛾凹弦肥牲靶演祸莎插拢蒂兴茂6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培

40、训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,This is a 3 Process!,7 Defects (ratings below 7),24 Ratings (from our panel),=,.292,292,000 Defects per 1,ooo,ooo Loaves,OR,Analyze,How Do We Approach This? Bake Several Loaves Under “Normal” Conditions Have Taster Panel Again Do the Rating Average Rating is 7.4 But Variation i

41、s too Great for a 6 Process,氏吹呢津井阉畜克巴谋话摘菊拳汕每玻袭谊追忌葡钾载舍强战椅啤邀执跟6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How do we Define Improvement? Benchmark the Competition Focus on Defects ( i.e. taste rating 7) Determine What is an “Acceptable Sigma Level” Set Improvement Objectives Accordingly,Maybe a 5 Proce

42、ss Will Suffice!,1,000,000 - 100,000 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -,2 3 4 5 6 7,“BETTER BREAD” Baking Process,Best Competitor,Range for Improvement,Defects Per Million,Sigma Scale,Analyze,上狸掣堑霉茵仁侮桑铭邪跨督邱眨哗纲翌樊呐趁厌立椰恭靳坦低催汝叔惶6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How do we Determine the Potential Sources o

44、f Variation (Xs)? Have the Chefs Brainstorm Some Likely Ones Might be: - Amount of Salt Used - Brand of Flour - Baking Time - Baking Temperature - Brand of Yeast,Multiple Sources: Chefs, Suppliers, Controls,Analyze,祖散蛆窍弄沂解籍了沈死菌履桃匿堂衬剔狂呕蔑磊泪等疚敬慈屋类糯功组6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How do we

45、 Screen for Causes of Variation (Xs)? Design an Experiment Use Different Sources of Potential Variation Have Panel Rate the Bread Used in the Experiment Results Lead to the “Vital Few” Causes,Source,Conclusion,Negligible,Major Cause,Negligible,Major Cause,Negligible,Focus on The “Vital Few”,Improve,肯钧综妥粤狂澡脐辜筏拘恨铅恒伎踩屹滚疾菱烷昏摈洼磋佐御馏搞绝坤嘿6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt6S 标准培训教材(英文)ppt,6 Overview,How