初中英语语法--介词(Unit7).ppt

1、初中英语语法 介词,精品,英语语法,Unit 7,本单元学习要点,英语介词的功能 介词和动词的搭配 介词和形容词的搭配 介词在句子中的应用,学习要点：介词概念与功能,介词是英语中的一种应用很广，功能很强的虚词，即它本身不能单独使用，需要和动词、形容词或名词配合使用。 由于它在句子中的位置总是在名词前边，所以也叫做前置词，它的英语名称preposition就明确表达了这个含义。 pre- 在前边； position 位置、职位、地位、立场 介词后边的名词成分叫做介词宾语。 介词的功能 介词是用来表达句子中动词所作的动作的三种情况： 方位 （静态） 方向 （动态） 方式 （抽象）,Activity

2、 1 （辨识介词）,There was a huge thunderstorm in the north of the country yesterday. Lighting struck during the night and it destroyed several electrical posts （杆）along the main roads. There has been no news from many affected villages, which are now without electricity. The villagers relatives have been

3、talking to the press, and they are very worried about their families. Luckily, most people in other affected areas could be reached by phone soon after the storm.,介词的内涵（表方位方向）,above,on,over,in (inside),outside,into,Out of (off),under,below,at,by (beside),near,across,Before (in front of),After(behind

4、),To (toward),from,up,down,through,beyond,Round（about）,via,Against, opposite,between,Out,介词的内涵（表时间）,now,past,future,during,since,over,before,Till (until),From - to,from,for,by,upon,after,in,in,介词的内涵（表时间）,(spring),(summer),(autumn),(winter),in,in,during,during,during,during,over,A year,介词的内涵（表时间）,(mo

5、ring),(afternoon),(evening),(night),in,on,during,during,during,during,over,A day,at,介词的内涵（表时间）,at,to,past,in,for,during,介词的内涵（表抽象方式）,about 围绕，关于 above 上述的 after 跟随 against 反对、抵着 along 沿着 amid（st） 在之间 among 两者以上之间 around （round） 围绕 between 两者之间 by 由著 except 除之外 for 为了 of 产生于 on 关于 over 整个，从头至尾 per 每个

6、 since 既然 through 通过 with 用，和 within 在内（表时间时和in的区别） without 没有,学习要点：通过例子加深理解,和动词搭配： look at 看着； look for 寻找； look into 窥探、观察 look up to 敬仰; look down on 蔑视; look after 照顾 make up 弥补、化妆； make for 走向； make away 逃走 agree with sb. 赞同某人； agree to sth. 赞同某事 turn to 求助； turn over 营业额；turn off 关掉 take over

7、接管； take to 开始从事；take out 去掉、出发 和形容词搭配： absent from 缺席； afraid of 害怕； good at 擅长 famous for 以著称； full of 充满； keen on 喜欢 similar to 类似于； popular with 受喜爱 interested in 感兴趣于； opposite to 与相对,与名词搭配： 1）名词在后 by bus; at home; in town; in the city; on Sunday; in the morning; at night; till next day; with c

8、are; in particular; on foot; on purpose 2）名词在前 desire for; love for; offence against; sympathy with; equality with; attention to; 特别提示： 有些介词是由两个及多个词一起构成，叫做复合介词。如： out off; in front of; according to; in spite of. 还有时两个介词连用，构成二重介词。如：from under; until after; except in.,Activity 2（选词填空）,The man in / fro

9、m / at the supermarket was really nice. I had seen him around before, though never in / near the neighborhood. I think he lives beside / near our home. He noticed that I was looking at / for him. He started walking towards me with a big smile and talked to me. He asked me if I needed help with anyth

10、ing. I smiled back at him, and told him I wish I could grow as tall as him one day. He give a big laugh and patted me around / on the head with his enormous hand.,1. Sammy walks to / from school every day. 2. We had a fire drill （防火演习） at / near / by the office today. 3. The dental clinic is above /

11、 between / by / near / below a petrol station and a temple. 4. The floor where I live is above / below / by / near a karaoke bar. 5. The nearest supermarket is by / beside / near / on the main road. Activity 4 （略）,Activity 3（选词填空-答案不唯一）,above at below beside between by from near on to,学习要点：关于介词的使用,1

12、、介词具有及物性质，其后必须接名词性成分。不及物动词和介词搭配后，整个搭配结构同样具有了及物性质，使用要求与及物动词相同，即只能接名词性成分。 2、几个重要知识点 （1）表示“除了”的几个介词的内涵差异 表示“除了”后还包含回来： besides: Besides the award, he has also got a reputation. aside from: Aside from reading, we use listening and writing to improve our English. apart from：Apart from films, songs also h

13、ave the educational function. in addition to: In addition to this specification, he will give us some examples, too. 表示“除了”后不包括回来： except: We all have finished our papers except Jack. but: The person I want to meet and talk is he but you. except for: The whole article is good written except for its

14、handwriting.,（2）用介词+名词作表语：of 结构 例： The meeting is important. （形容词作表语） The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语作表语） （3）两个表示数量的介词的用法 by：表示变化本身的量： The temperature has risen by 2 degrees. to： 表示变化后达到的量： The temperature has risen to 80 degrees centigrade. （4）和完成时态相关的介词 since：动作的起点 We have studied Englis

15、h since 7 o clock. for: 动作延续的段落 We have studied English for two hours. by: 动作的终点 We have learnt 3000 words by the time of last class.,（5）和动词发生时的方式方法相关的几个介词结构 用某种动作做事：by + 动名词 We are studying English by listening, speaking, reading and writing. 用某种物品做事： with + 名词 We are studying English with the book

16、 you gave us. 用某种途径或方式做事： through + 名词或动名词 We have drawn a workable conclusion through the detail discussion. （6）用介词表示方向方位,to the west of,to the south of,in the north of,in the south of,on the edge of,to the north of,to the east of,（7）in和within的区别 in所表示的时间段不包括在原范围之内； within表示的时间段要包括在原范围之内。 例： Ill re

17、turn you the money in 3 days. 三天后还你钱。 Ill return you the money within 3 days. 三天内还你钱。,Activity 5 （找词作标记）,标记含义： 括号 介词 下划线 介词宾语 Infection was a major cause of death (in ) the late 19th century. (For) several years, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming had been working on how to treat wound infecti

18、ons. One day, (during ) a hot weather spell （一段时间） (in) 1929, he accidentally left a plate of cultured （人工培养的）bacteria （细菌）(in) his laboratory (at) room-temperature. Fleming then went (on) a few days holiday. When he returned, he noticed that some mould （霉菌）had contaminated （污染）his culture（培养基）, and

19、 that no bacteria were growing around the mould in his plate. He then realized that the mould had had time to grow (within) the few days that he had been away, and that the mould actively kept bacteria away. This was the cure he had been trying to find (since) the beginning of his professional life.

20、 (By) the mid-century, the mould, called penicillin, had become the most effective drug against bacteria infection.,Activity 7 （按释义完成介词短语）,Activity 8 （标注构成短语的介词）,Scientists have tried to account (for) （说明）global warming for several years, and to find a solution (to) this very serious problem that concerns all of us. They generally blame industrialized nations (for) the major impact of their policies ( on) the ever-increasing temperature of the earth. The reasons (for) warming lie mostly (in) coal-burning factories and in motorized（机动化的） means of transport, which