Unit 7 独立结构

1、book 1,grammar,new times college english,unit 7,独立结构,独立结构的形式,独立结构,独立结构的句法功能,exercises,独立结构的形式,独立结构（the absolute constructions）是带有自己逻辑主语的结构，又称独立主格结构。作为句子的一个语言单位，其行文简单明了，功能多样。 1. 名词（或主格结构）动词的非谓语动词形式 here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next week. the plan having been made, what is

2、 important is to put it into practice. the duty completed, he had three months leave. 2. 名词（或主格代词） 形容词 he entered the room, his nose red with cold. she looked at him expectantly, her eyes full of excitement and curiosity.,独立结构的形式,3. 名词（或主格代词）介词短语 i stood at his left, my finger on the button, waiting

3、 for the order. the teacher entered the classroom, chalk in one hand, （a）textbook in the other. 4. 名词（或主格代词）副词 class over, all the students went out of the classroom. he put on his socks, wrong side out.,独立结构的形式,5. 名词（或主格代词）名词 his first shot failure, he fired again. she sat alone in the room, her on

4、ly company a dying fire. 注意：以上独立结构都可以看成是带being的分词复合结构的 省略形式。加入being就变成了分词的复合结构。如： here are the first two volumes, the third one（being）to come out next week. i stood at his left, my finger（being）on the button, waiting for the order.,独立结构的形式,6. 介词with或without引导的独立结构 这种独立结构的一般构成为：with/without+名/代词（分词、形

5、容词、副词、不定式、介词短语）。如： with the old man leading, the two started towards the mountains. she felt nervous, with all eyes fixed on her. never sleep with the window open in winter. with john away, were got more room. with five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived at the station. his wife ca

6、me down the stairs, with her two-year-old son in her arms.,独立结构的形式,7. “there being +名词”结构 there being no money left, we have to change our plan. there being no spare parts, the equipment could not be repaired at once.,独立结构的句法功能,独立结构在句中多作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随或补充说明，它偶尔也作定语和或主语。例如： 1. 作状语 1) 表示时间 the bel

7、l ringing, all the pupils went into the classroom. 2) 表示原因 the question being rather difficult, we must take time to consider it carefully. 3) 表示条件 weather permitting，the football match will be played next sunday. 4) 表示伴随状况 japan is to the east of china, with the yellow sea in between.,独立结构的句法功能,2.

8、作定语 a little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the room. 3. 作主语 linda in trouble was the only reason for my going there.,exercises,1. directions: in this exercise, there are twenty sentences. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that best comple

9、tes the sentence.,1）the report _ , a lively discussion began. a. to read b. being read c. to be read d. having been read 2）with a great weight _ his mind, he went to bed. a. taken off b. to be taken off c. taking off d. being taken off 3）with the teacher _ me, i feel quite at ease. a. helpb. helped

10、c. helping d. being help 4）gun _ , the soldier fell down and died. a. is in hand b. to be in hand c. in hand d. having been in hand,d,a,c,c,exercises,5）_ , we have much to learn and unlearn. a. all things to considerb. things all consider c. all things consideredd. all of the things to consider 6）so

11、 many members _ , the meeting had to be put off till next week. a. are absent b. being absent c. having been absent d. to be absent 7）we talked about a number of things, one of them _ the result of our experiment. a. to be b. is c. beingd. having been 8）with the problem _ , the meeting came to its e

12、nd. a. having been solved b. to be solved c. solved d. being solved,c,c,c,b,exercises,9）you cant move in this town without everybody _ . a. known b. to know c. having known d. knowing 10）all flights _ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. a. were canceled b. had been canceled c. ha

13、ving canceled d. having been canceled 11）there _ nothing else to do, we left. a. having been b. is c. being d. is to be 12）the lecture _ ，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker a. began b. beginning c. having begun d. being beginning,c,c,d,d,exercis

14、es,13）such _ the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints. a. being b. is c. was d. to be 14）darkness _ in, the young people lingered（逗留）on merrymaking（嬉戏）. a. setb. setting c. has set d. was set 15）the article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each _one major poin

15、t in contrast with the other. a. makesb. made c. is to make d. making 16）walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _ , we declined the offer. a. not being finished b. not having finished c. had not been finished d. was not finished,a,b,d,a,exercises,17）the murderer was br

16、ought in, with his hands _ behind his back. a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied 18）_ , the girls raced on to the second runners. a. stick in handb. with a stick in her hand c. sticks in handd. sticks in hands 19）the boy seated himself in the corner with his back _ to his father. a. tu

17、rning b. to turn c. to be turned d. turned 20）_ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. a. as b. for c. withd. through,c,a,d,d,2. directions: join each pair of the following sentences into one, using one absolute construction at least. 1）a. we started looking for jobs b. al

18、l our savings are gone. all our saving gone, we started looking for jobs. 2）a. the curtains are drawn b. they sat in the room. they sat in the room with the curtains drawn. 3）a. the last bus has gone. b. we had to walk home. the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 4）a. jim decided to go and see the play. b. his homework has been done. his homework having been done, jim decided to go and see the play. 5）a. we stay