肌学.ppt

1、肌学,目的和要求 掌握骨骼肌的构造、分类、起止和作用。 了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。 了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置、起止概况和作用。 掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙。 掌握斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌的位置和主要作用。 掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。 掌握腹前外侧肌群的位置、形态结构、起止概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘的组成。 掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。,Skeletal muscle: motive force system,There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, whic

2、h together account for about 40 percent of a persons weight.,structure Muscle belly肌腹 Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜,Morphology and structure of skeletal muscle,Morphology,Long muscle,Short muscle,Flat muscle,Orbicular muscle,The origin, insertion, and architecture of the skeletal muscle,The origin and ins

3、ertion of the skeletal muscle,Architecture of muscles 肌的配布: 原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌,. Nomenclature of muscles肌的命名: shap, size, location, and their points of attachment,. The supplementary structures of muscle Fascia 筋膜 Superficial fascia Deep fascia Synovial bursa 滑膜囊,Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer Synov

4、ial layer: mesotendon腱系膜,Section 2 The muscles of head,1. The facial muscles面肌 the epicranius,buccinator,2.The masticatory muscles咀嚼肌 the masseter the temporalis the medial pterygoid the lateral pterygoid,Section 3 The muscles of neck,By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three gr

5、oups: superficial and lateral, anterior , deep.,). the superficial and lateral group 1. the platysma颈阔肌,2. Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌, Insertion mastoid process, Origin manubrium and sternal end of clavicle, ActionThe head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side ; protracts

6、 head when acting together.,). the anterior group 1. the suprahyoid muscles digastric mylohyoid stylohyoid Geniohyoid,2. the infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid,). the deep group 1. lateral group scalenus anterior scalenus medius scalenus posterior scalene fissure brachi

7、al plexus subclavian artery 2. medial group,The Muscles of Trunk,The Muscles of Back The Muscles of Thorax The Diaphragm The Muscles of Abdomen,Section 4,. The Muscles of Back,trapezius斜方肌 latissimus dorsi背阔肌 levator scapulae肩胛提肌 rhomboideus菱形肌 erector spinae竖脊肌 splenius夹肌,These muscles can be divid

8、ed into two layers: the superficial and the deep layer.,. The Muscles of Thorax,Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前锯肌,前锯肌,Serratus anterior,External intercostals 肋间外肌 Internal intercostals 肋间内肌,Diaphragm 膈,Action inspiration and expiration；assists in raising intra-abdominal

9、 pressure,Insertioncentral tendon,Origin sternal costal lumbar vertebral,Aortic aperture 主动脉裂孔 -12th thoracic vertebra,Esophageal aperture 食管裂孔 -10th thoracic vertebra,Vena cava foramen 腔静脉裂孔 -8th thoracic vertebra,T12,T10,T8, . The Muscles of Abdomen,Anterolateral group,External abdominal oblique I

10、nternal abdominal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis,Posterior group,Psoas major 腰大肌 Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌,腹外斜肌,腹内斜肌,腹横肌,腹直肌,1.external abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌,aponeurotic structureinguinal ligament腹股沟韧带 lacunar ligament腔隙韧带 pectineal ligament耻骨梳韧带 superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环,（一）Ante

11、rolateral group,inguinal ligament,lacunar ligament,pectineal ligament,superficial inguinal ring,2.Internal abdominal oblique 腹内斜肌,Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰(联合腱) (conjoint tendon),3. Transversus abdominis 腹横肌,4. Rectus abdominis 腹直肌,Anterior layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique,5.

12、Sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘,Posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 6. Linea alba 白线,Psoas major 腰大肌 Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌,（二）Posterior group,（三）Inguinal canal 腹股沟管,Two openings Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环 Deep inguinal ring 腹股沟深环,Structures passing through the inguinal canal,（四