History of Britain.ppt

1、,Chapter 1 History,Part One History of Britain,Introduction to British and American Culture,Learning Focus,Roman Invasion King Arthur Norman Conquest The Hundred Years War Charles I and the Civil War,Introduction to British and American Culture,Warm-up,Think about the following questions. 1. Where d

2、id the British people come from? _ 2. Do you know any famous historical places or people in Britain? _ 3. Who are the most famous kings or queens in Britains history? _,Introduction to British and American Culture,Celtic people, from central Europe.,Stonehenge, Hadrian Wall, Robin Hood,Henry VIII, E

3、lizabeth I, Queen Victoria,The Beginning of Britain,The Early settlers (-55B.C.) Roman Britain (55B.C.-410A.D.) Anglo-Saxon Britain (410- 871) Viking Britain (871-1042) Norman Conquest (1066),Introduction to British and American Culture,The Early Settlers (-55 B.C.),8,000 years ago Great Britain bec

4、ame an island Natives of Britain tall and golden-haired Celts from Central Europe farmers warlike people,Introduction to British and American Culture,The Celtic Civilization,Stonehenge About 5,000 years ago The most famous prehistoric monument and tourist attraction,Introduction to British and Ameri

5、can Culture,Roman Britain (55 B.C.- 410),Introduction to British and American Culture,All roads lead to Rome.,Roman Invasion,Introduction to British and American Culture,Roman Civilization,The month “July” is named after Julius Caesar himself. Extraordinary achievement in building roads “All Roads L

6、ead to Rome” Hadrians Wall Englands great wall 2000 years ago,Introduction to British and American Culture,Anglo-Saxon Britain (410-871),The Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes invaded 5th and 6th centuries The Anglo-Saxons left their home in northern Germany and Denmark.,Introduction to British and Ameri

7、can Culture,King Arthur,The best-known English legend The 5th century Story King Arthur united the British His famous “round table knights Drove the Saxons back with his magical sword A hero of British? Against the forefathers of the English?,Introduction to British and American Culture,(871-1042),I

8、nvasion time In the late 8th century From Denmark Norsemen, “people from the North” From 1017 to 1041 England was ruled by Danish kings.,Introduction to British and American Culture,Westminster Abbey,In 1042 By Edward, King of England, a faithful Christian One of the oldest buildings in London A liv

9、ing monument to British history Almost all English kings have been crowned there.,Introduction to British and American Culture,Norman Conquest,Significance The best-known event in English history Who Duke William of Normandy, from northern France William is often referred to as William the Conqueror

10、. Time On October 14, 1066 Event William and his army defeated the English army. This invasion is called Norman Conquest.,Introduction to British and American Culture,Influence of Norman Conquest,Language French replaced English as the language of the ruling classes. The period of Middle English beg

11、an soon after 1066. Architecture The Tower of London The most famous castles,Introduction to British and American Culture,The most famous castle,The Tower of London,Introduction to British and American Culture,Robin Hood,Englands best-loved legend Heroic Saxon noblemen oppressed by the Normans “Merr

12、y men” robbed from the rich to give to the poor.,British Invasion History,Introduction to British and American Culture,The Romans,5th century,The Viking,1066,Feudal Britain,Norman Conquest Marked the establishment of feudalism in England Several events shook the foundation of the feudal society. The

13、 Hundred Years War The Wars of the Roses,Introduction to British and American Culture,The Hundred Years War,Time: 1337-1453,Introduction to British and American Culture,Event A series of wars between England and France Unexpected benefits The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home. Eng

14、lish was reestablished as the official language.,Joan of Arc,A famous peasant girl Under Joan of Arc, French won a number of victories. Regarded as a national French heroine.,Introduction to British and American Culture,The Wars of the Roses,Event - A series of civil wars between supporters of Lanca

15、ster and York. The badges a red rose Vs. a white one Reason In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster king, Henry VI. Result In 1485, Henry Tudor, as Henry VII, founded the Tudor Monarchy.,Introduction to British and American Culture,The Beginning of the Modern World,From the 16th to

16、the 20th century,Introduction to British and American Culture,Henry VIII (1509-1547),Introduction to British and American Culture,Significant event The Religious Reformation Reason Henry asked the Pope for permission to divorce because he wanted to have a son but was refused. Result Established the

17、Church of England Passed a law in 1524 to allow divorce Married six times Left England strong and free to make her way in a new world.,Elizabeth I (1553-1603),Introduction to British and American Culture,The last Tudor monarch The Golden Age The English navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 Brita

18、in developed into one of the leading European colonial powers, with the first settlers to America to open the way for a great colonial empire. The Elizabeth era: the flourishing of English drama,Charles I (1625 - 1649),Introduction to British and American Culture,Came to the throne in 1625. Believed

19、 in the old theory “Divine right of Kings” : the kings power came directly from God, not from the people. Dismissed parliament for 11 years,The Civil War (1642-1649),Background Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629. It was only when he needed an army to fight against Scotland that he was forced to

20、recall Parliament but was refused by Parliament. Event Charles I burst into the Houses of Parliament to arrest leading members of the Parliament. Between The Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) The Cavaliers (supporters of the King) Result The execution of Charles I and his son was driven out of t

21、he country. Oliver Cromwell formed republican England, the Commonwealth of England. English monarchy was abolished.,Introduction to British and American Culture,Queen Victoria(1837-1901),The last monarch of Hanover The longest reign (64 years) Victorias Time was featured by great achievements in almost every aspect: 1. Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the world. 2. British Empire reac