虚拟语气g.ppt

1、虚拟语气,( Subjunctive Mood ),语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气; 虚拟语气。,1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。 He could swim, but he didnt jump into the water to save the boy. 2. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky. I wish

2、 you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 四. 虚拟语气在表语与同位语从句中的使用 五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用 八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望 九。虚拟语气在情态动词+have done 中的使用 （见情态动词部分）,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用,如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。,高考例题 1） (1984年高考) If

3、 there were no subjunctive mood, English_ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be,1与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式（be只用were） 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.,D,2与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：had + done 主句：would/should/could/might

4、 +have done 要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了 If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 。 我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了 If I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday. (事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了) 。,2） (1993年高考) If he _, he _ that food. Luckily, he was sent to hospit

5、al immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have warned; had not taken,B,3与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式/should do/ were to+do 主句：would(should/ could / might)+do If I were to be 20 years old next year, I should take the c

6、ourse of computer science. 要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。 If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way.,3） If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office. A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come,C,注：1。若虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可省略 if 而将 were, had, should 移到句首倒装（从句位于主句前）如：

7、 If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food. =Had he been warned, he would not have taken that food. If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. = Should I have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. = Were I to have a chance to try it, I would do it i

8、n another way.,4）_ he would have succeeded in the examination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard,A,2无条件句：某些介词without / but for等或连词 otherwise, or, or else, but that (要不是)等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。 Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If the

9、re were no air, we would not live even for five minutes. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. =If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. Jack cant have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me. =Jack cant have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would h

10、ave telephoned me. He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time. 要不是他那时候没有钱,他会帮助我们的。,5） (1991年高考) Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 答案: D 6） (2001年上海春招) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, othe

11、rwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 答案: D,3当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合/时间交叉虚拟条件句表示。 （个人顾个人） 1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。 If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now. 2）现在时与过去时混合使用。 If he could pass the exam now, he would h

12、ave passed it last time.,3）现在时与将来时混合使用。 If he were here now, he could start off with us tomorrow. 7）(2002年上海) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should f

13、all D. were to fall 答案: B,二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用,1在动词order / command / demand / request / require / insist / advise / suggest /propose/decide/recommend等表示建议、要求、命令的宾语从句中谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。 Janes uncle insisted that she （should） not stay in the hotel. The workers requested that their working conditions （shoul

14、d）be improved.,常见的动词有: 一个坚持(要求)insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; (recommend) 六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire, 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时 recommend 表推荐时不用虚拟语气,(1997年高考) Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a med

15、ical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has,B,The doctor insisted that he (is/ was/ be) ill and （insisted） that he (is / was/ be ) operated on.,2.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示 与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+ sb.+did (were) I wish I were as hea

16、lthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+ sb+ had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实可能相反 : wish + (that)+ sb. + would/could/might +do I wish he would forgive me. (基本相当于条件状语从句中的情况),高考例题 (2002年上海春招) How I wish every family

17、_ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 答案: B (1988年高考) I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did seen C. had seen D. were to see 答案: C,3.would rather /had rather/ would prefer/ would sooner / would just as soon (that ).从句中过去时表示现在或将来要做的事;谈过去 动作, 要用过去完成时. I would

18、 rather (that) you did the work tomorrow. We would rather (that) you hadnt done it yesterday.,对比:,would rather + do something(宁愿做某事),would rather+ sb. 句子(虚拟),had done,did,过去没实现的愿望,I would rather you posted the letter right away. I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. Dont come tomorrow.

19、 Id rather you came next weekend. Id rather she hadnt done that.,现在或将来不可能实现的愿望,13） I would rather (that) you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. should live,4. 句型 Would you mind if +sb. did Would you mind if I smoked here?,答案: B,三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,1. It + be + 过去分词【suggested / ordered / de

20、manded / required / requested / planned / arranged / 】+that从句 (should) +动词原形 It was suggested that Jane (should) have a medical examination. It is arranged that he (should) leave for Canada on Friday. 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。,2. It + be + 形容词【important / desirable (理想的) / better / strange / necessary / surpr

21、ising / natural】+that从句 (should )+动词原形 It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion. 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 14) It is desirable that the plane _ as light as possible. A. was B. be C. is D. were 答案: B 3. It+ be+名词【 a pity /a shame /ones duty/ a matte

22、r of regret / no wonder 】+ +that从句 (should )+动词原形 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so .,4. It is (high / about ) time + that 从句(动词用一般过去时态/should+ do, should不省) It is time we left. It is time that we should leave. = It is time for us to leave. It is high time that he began

23、 to think how to deal with money.,15）It is high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. will go D. had gone 答案: B,It is (high, about, low) time that sb.,did,should + do,此处的should一般不省略,注意: 此句型与下面的句型的区别:,It is time for somebody to do something. It is the first time that从句 现在完成时 It was the fir

24、st time that从句 过去完成时,It is time for us to have dinner. It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.,It is the first that he have gone there. It was the first time that he had gone there.,考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange

25、that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用,1.名词suggestion / proposal(建议) / order / advice / demand 等可以接名词性从句,从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气,

26、(should )+动词原形. My suggestion is that you (should) send a few soldiers to help them. He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.,例题 16）Their demand is that their wages _ increased by 20%. A. be B. should C. will be D. must be 答案: A 17）The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the

27、students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 答案: C,as if/as though,had done,would /could/might +do,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,对将来虚拟,She looks as though she had been ill. It looks as if it might rain.,2.as if/as though后,did,It looks as if you had seen a ghost.,9

28、5 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,C,但如果与事实相符，就不用虚拟语气 It looks as if it is going to rain.,五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用,关联词有as if / as though (用法与wish后的宾语从句相同,即: 现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。 The boss speaks aloud

29、as though he were angry. 高考例题 18）(1993年高考) The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 答案: D,六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用,由so that / in order that / for fear that(以免)/lest(因恐)引导的从句中谓语动词常使用情态动词should/may / might / can / could/will/would +动词原形. 1. I

30、 got there earlier than usual so that I could be the first one to enter the church. 2. He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exams. 3. He took his umbrella with him lest it (should)rain. 4. Ill keep a seat for you in case you （should ）change your mind. 5. They burned all the imp

31、ortant documents for fear that they (should)fall into the enemys hands.,七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用,even if / even though 引导的让步状语从句,若表示与事实相反,其动词用虚拟语气形式,主从句中的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同. Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. (陈述语气) 2. Even though /if you were a doctor ,you could not save his life. （虚拟语气） Even if

32、he _ here, he could not solve the problem. A. was B. were C. had been D. has been,B,八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望,1.祝愿句常用动词原形或may引导的倒装句. God bless you! = May God bless you! May the friendship between us last forever. 例题 21） _ you enjoy many years of health and happiness. A. Wish B. Hope C. Expect D. May 答案: D,if on

33、ly sb.,had done,did,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,could + have done,2.if only 从句 if only 若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好,If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in time.,would /could/might +d

34、o,对将来虚拟,If only I had read the book earlier. 要是她能了解我的真实想法就好了。 If only she could understand my real feelings. 但愿他毕业后找到一份称心如意的工作。 If only he would find a satisfactory job after his graduation. ( 2000上海) If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. h

35、ad lain D. should lie 答案: C,比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 考题 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see,B,2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (lie 躺，lay, lain),C,九.情态动词+have done,have done,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 四. 虚拟语气在表语与同位语从句中的使用 五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用 八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望 九。虚拟语气在情态动词+have done 中的使用 （见情态动词部分）,高考链接:1. I didnt