ch18_Emotional and Social Development in Late Adult.ppt

1、Development Through the Lifespan,Chapter 18 Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Prepa

2、ration of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.,Eriksons Theory:Ego Integrity versus Despair,Ego Integrity Feel whole, complete, satisfied with achievements Serenity and contentment Associated with psychosocia

3、l maturity,Despair Feel many decisions were wrong, but now time is too short Bitter and unaccepting of coming death Expressed as anger and contempt for others,Peck: Three Tasks of Ego Integrity,Ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation Body transcendence versus body preoccupation Ego transc

4、endence versus ego preoccupation,Gerotranscendence,Beyond ego integrity Cosmic, transcendent perspective Directed beyond self Forward and outward Heightened inner calm Quiet reflection,Emotional Expertise,Cognitive-affective complexity Declines for many Affect optimization improves Maximize positive

5、 emotions, dampen negative ones More vivid emotional perceptions Make sure of own emotions Use emotion-centered coping,Reminiscence and Life Review,Remininscence Telling stories about people, events, thoughts and feelings from past Self-focused: can deepen despair Other-focused: solidifies relations

6、hips Knowledge-based: helps solve problems,Life Review Considering the meaning of past experiences A form of reminiscence For greater self-understanding Can help adjustment,Personality inLate Adulthood,Secure, multifaceted self-concept Allows self-acceptance Continue to pursue possible selves Shifts

7、 in some characteristics More agreeable Less sociable Greater acceptance of change,Spirituality and Religionin Late Adulthood,Over 3/4 in U.S. say religion “very important” Over half attend services weekly Many become more religious or spiritual with age Not all - about 1/4 get less religious Cultur

8、al, SES, gender differences Physical, psychological benefits Social engagement Spiritual beliefs themselves,Fowlers Stages of Faith Development,Intuitive-projective Mythic-literal Synthetic-conventional Individuative-reflective Conjunctive,Factors in Psychological Well-Being,Control versus dependenc

9、y Health Poor health, depression linked Suicide risk Negative life changes Social support, interaction Social interaction,Control and Dependencyin Late Adulthood,Dependency-support script Attend immediately to dependent behaviors Independence-ignore script Ignore independent behaviors Scripts work t

10、ogether Both reinforce dependency Make social contact less pleasant,Elder Suicide,Suicide increases over lifespan Men more likely than women Whites most likely Prompted by losses, terminal illnesses Retirement, widowhood Indirect methods Refusing food, medical treatment,Social Theories of Aging,Age-

11、Related Changes in Number of Social Partners,Social Contexts of Aging,Communities Majority live in suburbs - higher income Minorities in cities - better transportation, social services Few small town, rural - far from children; interact with neighbors, friends,Housing Less like home life, harder to

12、adjust,Neighborhoods Prefer other seniors Fear of crime and victimization,Housing Arrangements in Late Adulthood,Ordinary Homes Own home preferred and most control With family Residential Communities Congregate housing Life care communities Nursing Homes,Marriage in Late Adulthood,Satisfaction peaks

13、 in late adulthood Fewer stressful responsibilities Fairness in household tasks Joint leisure Emotional understanding, regulation If dissatisfied, harder for women,Long-Term Gay and Lesbian Partnerships,Most happy, highly fulfilling Healthier, happier than singles Coping with oppression may strength

14、en skill at coping with physical aging,Face legal, health care issues,Divorce, Remarriage, Cohabitation,Widowhood,Most stressful event of life for many Few remarry; most live alone Must cope with loneliness Reorganizing life harder for men More likely to remarry,Possible Sources of Support for the W

15、idowed,Family Friends Senior centers Support groups Religious activities Volunteer activities,Never-Married, Childless Elders,About five percent in North America Develop alternative meaningful relationships Youths Friends Relatives Men more likely to be lonely,Changes in Aid Among Siblings,Friendshi

16、ps in Late Adulthood,Friends provide: Intimacy Companionship Acceptance Link to community Help with loss Feels closest to a few nearby friends Chooses friends similar to self Sex differences continue,Relationships with Adult Children,Quality of relationship affects elders physical, mental health Ass

17、ist each other Direction changes toward children helping as parents age Closeness affects willingness to help Emotional support most often Parents try to avoid dependency Sex differences Daughters closer,Relationships with Grandchildren, Great-Grandchildren,Half of grandchildren are adults Wider net

18、work of support Relationships vary Involvement during childhood predicts later relationship Gradually reduced contact for many Grandparents still express affection Limited role with great-grandchildren,Elder Maltreatment,Physical abuse Physical neglect Psychological abuse Sexual abuse Financial abus

19、e,Risk Factors for Elder Maltreatment,Psychological disturbance, stress of perpetrator History of family violence Greater risk in low-quality nursing homes,Dependent victim Dependent perpetrator Emotionally or financially,Decision to Retire,Retire Adequate retirement benefits Compelling leisure interests Low work commitment Declining health Spouse retiring Routine, boring job,Keep Working Limited or no retirement benefits Few leisure interests High work commitment Good health Spouse working Flexible work schedule Pleasant, stimulating work,Adjusting to Retirement,Most people a