ch14_Emotional and Social Development in Early Adult.ppt

1、Development Through the Lifespan,Chapter 14 Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Prep

2、aration of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.,Eriksons Theory:Intimacy versus Isolation,Intimacy Making a permanent commitment to intimate partner Involves giving up some newfound independence, redefining i

3、dentity Strong identity helps Affects friendships, work,Isolation Loneliness, self-absorption Hesitate to form close ties Fear of losing identity Compete Reject differences Threatened by closeness,Levinsons Early Adult Season,Early adult transition Dream Mentor Early adulthood life structure Men: “s

4、ettling down” Women: continued instability, more roles Age 30 transition Reevaluate life structure Often focus on underdeveloped aspects,Vaillants Adaptation to Life,20s intimacy concerns 30s career consolidation 40s generative 50s60s “keepers of meaning” 70s spiritual and reflective,Social Clock,Ag

5、e-graded expectations for life events Less rigid than in earlier generations Following a social clock lends confidence, contributes to social stability Distress if not following or falling behind,Selecting a Mate,Physical proximity Most select partners who are similar Gender differences Women: intel

6、ligence, ambition, financials, morals Men: attractiveness, domestic skills,Childhood Attachment and Adult Romantic Relationships,Triangular Theory of Love,Three components: Intimacy Passion Commitment,Passionate love early; companionate love later Passion gradually fades while intimacy, commitment g

7、row Cultural differences,Keeping Love Alive,Make time for relationship Tell partner you love them Be available when partner needs you Communicate constructively about problems,Show interest in important aspects of partners life Confide in partner Forgive minor offenses Try to understand major offens

8、es,Friendships in Early Adulthood,Friends usually similar age, sex, SES Common interests, experiences, needs Add to pleasure of friendship Enhance self-esteem, make life more interesting Trust, intimacy, loyalty continue important Siblings often friends,Gender and Friendship,Same-Sex Friendships Gen

9、der differences Womens more intimate Individual differences Longer friendships more intimate Single people more intimate with friends,Other-Sex Friendships Fewer, shorter-lasting than same-sex Educated, employed women have most Benefits to both genders Men: opportunity for expression Women: new view

10、s Sexual attraction must be considered,Factors in Loneliness,Loneliness and Emotional Distress at Different Ages,Family Life Cycle,Early adulthood Leaving home Joining families in marriage Parenthood Middle adulthood Launching children,Late adulthood Retirement Death of spouse,Leaving Home,SES, ethn

11、icity affect ability, interest in leaving Family relationships can improve,Average age decreasing 50% of 18- to 25-year-olds live with parent Depart for education earlier, marriage later Too early long-term disadvantage Many return briefly,Trends in Marriage,Marrying later More cohabiting before mar

12、riage Fewer marriages Staying single, cohabiting, not remarrying But North Americans still pro-marriage Legalization of same-sex marriage in some places More religious and ethnically mixed marriages,Traditional and Egalitarian Marriages,Traditional Clear division of roles Woman: cares for husband, c

13、hildren, home Man: head of household, economic support,Egalitarian Partners relate as equals Share authority Balance attention to jobs, children, home, spouse,Gender and Housework,Factors Related to Marital Satisfaction,Family backgrounds Age at marriage Length of courtship Timing of first pregnancy

14、 Relationship to extended family Financial and employment status Family responsibilities Personality characteristics,Partner Abuse,Men and women both become violent Same-sex or other-sex partnerships Women more likely to get seriously injured Violence-remorse cycles common Factors include: Personali

15、ty Developmental history Family circumstances Culture Much treatment not very effective Need whole-family approach, alcohol treatment, services for men,Assaults Against Women by Intimate Partners,Trends in Having Children,Fewer married couples have children - 70% Mothers careers Divorce Have first c

16、hild later Smaller numbers of children Average of 2 or fewer,Transition to Parenthood,Many profound changes Roles often become more traditional Roles get less traditional with second birth Marriage can be strained Problems before children predict problems after Sharing care predicts happiness Later

17、parenthood eases transition Couples groups, paid leave help, too,Relationship of Mothers Mental Ability to Family Size,Parenting,With adolescents Brings sharp changes Challenges: negotiation of roles, dip in marital satisfaction,Powerful source of adult development With young children Best parents w

18、ork together as coparenting team Challenges: few social supports; hard to find child care,Parent Education,Parenting books Doctors Social networks Especially mothers Classes,Singlehood,Increasing One-third of males, one-fourth of females 8-10% single for life,Gender Differences Women more likely to

19、stay single More high SES women, low SES men single after 30 Ethnic Differences African Americans single longer Stressful periods Late 20s Mid 30s for women,Cohabitation,Can be preparation for marriage North Americans who cohabit before marriage more likely to divorce Can be alternative to marriage

20、More accepted in Western Europe,Unmarried, sexually intimate, living together Increasing,Increases in Cohabitation,Divorce Rates,Stabilized since 1980s 45% U.S., 30% Canadian marriages About 7% higher for remarriages soon after first marriage,First seven years, midlife most common times Young and ad

21、olescent children involved,Causes and Factors in Divorce,Background factors: age, religion, prior divorce, family background SES Gender roles, expectations,Ineffective problem solving Separate lives Major problems: Infidelity, money issues, substance abuse,Consequences of Divorce,Major change of lif

22、e and self Opportunities for positive and negative change,Immediate consequences - generally subside in 2 years Disrupted social networks, support Increased anxiety, depression, impulsive behavior Traditional women, noncustodial fathers may have more problems New partner helps satisfaction More impo

23、rtant to men,Remarriage After Divorce,Most within four years of divorce Men sooner than women Vulnerable to breakup Reasons for marriage Often too pragmatic Carry over negative patterns View divorce as acceptable resolution Stepfamily stress Takes 3-5 years to blend Education, couples and family counseling can help,Options in Parenthood,Step Parenting Single parents Divorced Never married Gay and Lesbian Parents,Childlessnes