western civ ppt chapter 15.ppt

1、Chapter 15,State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century,Timeline,Social Crises, War, and Rebellions,Economic Contraction Population Changes The Witchcraft Craze Witchcraft before the sixteenth and seventeenth century Increased prosecutions and executions Accusations against wit

2、ches Reasons for witchcraft prosecutions Religious uncertainty Social conditions Women as primary victims Begins to subside by mid-seventeenth century,The Thirty Years War (1618 1648),Background Religious conflict Dynastic-nationalist considerations Tensions in the Holy Roman Empire The Bohemian Pha

3、se (1618 1625) The Danish Phase (1625 1629) The Swedish Phase (1630 1635) The Franco-Swedish Phase (1635 1648) Outcomes Peace of Westphalia (1648) Social and economic effects,Map 15.1: The Thirty Years War,A Military Revolution?,War and Politics in Seventeenth-Century Europe New Tactics New Technolo

4、gies The Cost of a Modern Military,Rebellions,Peasant Revolts (1590 1640) France, Austria, Hungary, Portugal and Catalonia Russia (1641, 1645 and 1648) Switzerland (1656) Noble Revolts in France (1648 1652),Absolute Monarchy in France,Foundations of French Absolutism Cardinal Richelieu (1624 1642) P

5、olicies and goals Administrative reforms Cardinal Mazarin (1642 1661) The Fronde Noble Revolt,The Reign of Louis XIV (1643 1715),Administration of the Government Domination and bribery Religious Policy Edict of Fontainebleau (1685) Financial Issues Jean Baptist Colbert (1619 1683) Daily Life at Vers

6、ailles Purposes of Versailles Court life and etiquette The Wars of Louis XIV Professional army: 100,000 men in peacetime; 400,000 in wartime Four wars between 1667 1713 Invasion of Spanish Netherlands (1667) Annexation of Alsace and Lorraine, occupation of Strasbourg (1679) War of the League of Augs

7、burg (1689 1697) War of the Spanish Succession (1702 1713),Map 15.2: The Wars of Louis XIV,The Decline of Spain,Bankruptcies in 1596 and in 1607 Philip III (1598 1621) Philip IV (1621 1665) Gaspar de Guzman and attempts at reform The Thirty Years War Expensive military campaigns Civil War The Nether

8、lands lost,Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe,The German States The Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia The Hohenzollern Dynasty Frederick William the Great Elector (1640 1688) Army General War Commissariat to levy taxes Frederick III (1688 1713) King of Prussia (1701),Map 15.4: The Growth of Brandenb

9、urg-Prussia,The Emergence of Austria,Habsburgs Leopold I (1658 1705) Expands eastward Conflicts with the Turks Siege of Vienna (1683) Multinational Empire,Italy: From Spanish to Austrian Rule,Defeat of the French in Italy by Charles V (1530) Spanish Presence (1559 1713) Consequences of the War of th

10、e Spanish Succession,Russia: From Fledgling Principality to Major Power,Ivan IV the Terrible (1533 1584) First Tsar Romanov Dynasty (1613 1917) Stratified Society Tsar Landed aristocrats Peasants and townspeople,The Reign of Peter the Great (1689 1725),Visits the West (1697 1698) Reorganizes armed f

11、orces Reorganizes central government Divides Russia into provinces Seeks control of the Russian Church Introduces Western Customs Book of Etiquettes,Positive Impact of Reforms on Women “Open a window to the West” Attacks Sweden Battle of Narva (1700) Great Northern War (1701 1721) Battle of Poltava

12、(1709) Peace of Nystadt (1721) Russia gains control of Estonia, Livonia and Karelia St. Petersburg,The Winter Palace St. Petersburg, Russia,Map 15.5: Russia: From Principality to Nation-State,The Great Northern States,Denmark Military losses Bloodless revolution of 1660 Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (161

13、1 1632) Christina (1633 1654) Charles XI (1697 1718),The Ottoman Empire and the Limits of Absolutism,The Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (1520 1566) Attacks against Europe Advances in the Mediterranean Ottomans viewed as a European Power New Offensives in the second half of the 17th century

14、The Limits of Absolutism Power of rulers not absolute Local institutions still had power Power of the aristocracy,Map 15.6: The Ottoman Empire,The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic,The United Provinces Internal Dissension The House of Orange and the Stadholders The States General opposes the House of

15、 Orange William III (1672 1702) Trade damaged by wars Life in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam Reasons for prosperity,England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy,James I (1603 1625) and the House of Stuart Divine Right of Kings Parliament and the power of the purse Religious policies The Purit

16、ans Charles I (1625 1649) Petition of Right “Personal Rule” (1629 1640): Parliament does not meet Religious policy angers Puritans,Civil War (1642 1648),Oliver Cromwell New Model Army Charles I executed (January 30, 1649) Parliament abolishes the monarchy Cromwell dissolves Parliament (April 1653) C

17、romwell divides country into 11 regions Cromwell dies (1658),Restoration & a Glorious Revolution,Charles II (1660 1685) Declaration of Indulgence (1672) Test Act (1673) Only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices James II (1685 1688) Devout Catholic Declaration of Indulgence (1687) Protesta

18、nt daughters: Mary and Anne Catholic son born in 1688 Parliament invites Mary and her husband, William of Orange, to invade England James II, wife and son flee to France Mary and William of Orange offered throne (1689) Bill of Rights The Toleration Act of 1689,Responses to the Revolution,Thomas Hobb

19、es (1588 1679) Leviathan (1651) People form a commonwealth People have no right to rebel John Locke (1632 1704) Two Treatises of Government Inalienable Rights: Life, Liberty and Property People and sovereign form a government If government does not fulfill its duties, people have the right to revolt

20、,The Flourishing of European Culture,The Changing Faces of Art Mannerism and Baroque Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598 1680) Throne of Saint Peter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 1653) Judith Beheading Holofernes French Classicism and Dutch Realism French classicism emphasized clarity, simplicity, balance and

21、harmony of design Dutch Realism: realistic portrayals of secular, everyday life Rembrandt van Rijn (1606 1699),The Baroque Trevi Fountain in Rome,A Wondrous Age of Theater,Golden Age of Elizabethan Literature (1580 1640) William Shakespeare (1564 1614) The Globe Theater Lord Chamberlains Company Spanish Theater Lope de Vega (1562 1635) Wrote 1500 plays about 1/3 survive French Theater (1630s to 1680s) Jean Baptiste Molire (1622 1673) The Misanthrope Tartuffe,Discussion Questions,Why were so many women targeted during the witchcraft craze? How did the Thirty Years War a