英语六级听力之短文

1、CET4 ：听力- passage,二、短文部分,全真短文以一般知识型短文和人物故事为主，还包括几篇说明文和社会热门话题类的短文一般知识型短文在内容上介于科普知识和社会问题之间；人物故事一般描述历史上的真人真事和常人的经历或生活趣闻；说明文是对事物或现象进行说明或解释；热门话题类短文讲述的人都为人们所关注的热点问题 （一）主观题型 主观题型从提问的性质看大致分为主旨题型和综合推断题型两种 （二）客观题型,主旨题型,短文的中心思想是对全文的概括，对全文的基本了解。与事实题型相反。主旨题型主要测试考生对全文的理解这类问题要求考生从四个选择项中挑出最合适做中心思想的句子或最适合做标题的句子，属于主观

2、性的问题在历年真题中，主旨题型的提问方式主要有： What is the passage mainly about? What does the passage mainly discuss? What do we learn from the story? What is the main idea of this passage? 由于表现手法不同，主旨句的位置也就不固定，或在段首，或在段尾，或者段首段尾相结合，共同表达一个完全的主题 段首句为主题句的文章属于演绎性文章。文章的开头就明确主题，然后用演绎法，将观点展开 结尾句为主题句的文章属于归纳性文章文章是称述论点、论据，最后得出结论-文

3、章的主题 首尾句呼应表达一个完整的概念，表达文章的中心思想,综合推断题型,该题目测试考生的推理判断能力.要求依据短文提供的已知信息作出合理的推测和正确的判断.此类题目在全真试题中所占比例很大.按其提问方式是非判断也包括在内。主要提问方式如下: What can we infer from the passage? What does the passage tell us about? What do we learn from the story? What was Edwards doing when? What is the speakers impression of? What is

4、profession? What happened in the end? Which of the following is Not true? 综合推断题要求考生运用所学的语言知识、语法知识，根据自己的综合常识，结合材料中的语境进行判断判断要符合逻辑,客观题型,客观题型主要测试考生对短文细节的判别能力。此类题目与主观题的区别在于：其答案在原文中较明确 此类题目涉及面很广，提问一般以wh-question和how-question进行，所问内容涉及到人名、地点、时间、年代、数字、原因、目的等方面。解题的关键在于听清录音，找出正确选项的出处，以排除干扰项，从而确定问题的答案。 综观历届考试，再

5、应试时应注意以下几个方面： 预览选项通过预览选项可以预测短文的内容及提问形式。 抓住主题句抓住文章的主题句就容易掌握文章的中心思想要特别注意听清文章的开头和结尾的一、两句，因为它们常常是主题句 记录事实大体预测到题目的要求及短文的内容，在听音过程中，就要有目的的去抓听、记录与题目有关的事实，例如：时间、地点、人物等这些信息的记录最好不要按选项的顺序，而是根据录音中提供的先后顺序在空白处记录。否则，会因在选项中找不到需要的信息而分心，影响下文的听音,抓住信息词即一些连接短文各个句子、表明上下文逻辑关系的词，对理解短文非常重要，对于短文内容如何发展起到信号指示的作用。此类词大致可分为四类： 起顺序

6、连接作用的词，即并列、递进、例示作用的词，如：and, also, in addition, for example, furthermore, more than that, likewise, moreover, what is more等; 起逆接作用的词，即表明下面的内容和上面的内容发生了转折的词，如：but, however, in spite of, on the contrary, instead, although, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet等； 表示因果关系的词，如：because, since, as a result, t

7、herefore, for, thus, for this reason, so, as, since, consequently等； 表示短文层次和先后关系的词，如：first, second, last, before, after, then, accordingly, finally, next, afterward 等；,E. 表概括(summary)的词 as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short so, thus, consequently, in conclusion, in brief, in a word 等

8、； 学会推断根据明示信息和录音的字里行间进行综合推断。这类题目比明示信息题目难的多 听清问题解题是听短文的目的，所以听清短文后的问题是解题的关键,关于短文听力的训练方法,Step 1 听第一遍时认真做题 Step 2 再精听4-5次，达到全文记录 Step 3 对照文字材料找答案和考点 Step 4 朗读全文 培养语感 提高语速,考试时候语段题的解题步骤,1听之前看选项 1)看选项长短 2)找出选项中的相同词：高频词汇以便确定文章的内容和范围 3)找数字题年代，时间，数目，金钱（听到什么选什么）,2抓两头 1)听到结尾回忆结尾的一两句话 2)什么时候结束？重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重

9、点内容)，同时提示文章快要结束了 As a result, so , therefore, thus均提示文章快要结束了,3中间抓小词 1)要牢记以下七个小词： first, most , because出现，99%会出考题 only, just也会出考题 but, however也会出考题,2)常考的逻辑关系： 并列：and 因果：because 转折：but , however 递进：the more ,the more 让步：despite, although, though,总结 投机取巧原则,听即原则：听见什么选什么 重读原则：语音辨别，读多次。 顺序原则：行文顺序和题目一致 主题原

10、则：头三尾二 原因原则： 原因最常考 because, so, as 转折原则：转折次常考 but however yet,光明原则：事情都向好的方向发展 最高级原则：形容词副词最高级形式一旦出现，则此句即成为考点， 如：the most important reason is; their biggest trouble was; he worked most efficiently when 科学研究原则：科学研究表明 偏怪小原则：故事总是很稀奇古怪的,特别提示：短文听力最忌讳的方式,不动手: 忌讳闭眼、低头，伏案 多而不精 不愿朗读,养成良好的习惯只需要坚持4周，便能改变一生的习惯,EX

11、ERCISES,Passage one,Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11.A) He was once a friend of the ruler. B) He was a tax collector. C) He was a government official. D) He was once a school teacher in India. 12.A) To declare new ways of collecting tax. B) To entertain those who h

12、ad made great contributions to the government. C) To collect money from the persons invited. D) To reward outstanding tax collectors. 13.A) They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for. B) They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler. C) They were excused from paying income t

13、ax. D) They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the rulers palace.,D A C,Passage One A friend of mine told me that when he was a young man, he went to work as a teacher in one of the states of India. One day he received an invitation to dinner at the rulers palace. Very pleased, he went to tell his c

14、olleagues. They laughed and told him the meaning of the invitation. They had all been invited and each person who was invited has to bring with him a certain number of silver and gold coins. The number of coins varied according to the persons position in the service of the government.My friends inco

15、me was not high, so he did not have much to pay. Each person bound before the ruler, his gold went onto one hip, his silver went onto another hip, and in this way he paid his income tax for the year. This was a simple way of collecting income tax.The tax on property was also collected simply: The ru

16、ler gave a man the power to collect a tax from each owner of land or property in a certain area if this man promised to pay the ruler a certain amount of money. Of course the tax collector managed to collect more money than he paid to the ruler. The difference between the sum of money he collected a

17、nd the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.,Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. What do we know about the speakers friend? 12. What was the real purpose of the rulers invitation? 13. What does the passage say about the tax collectors?,Passage Two,Questio

18、ns 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14.A) They liked traveling. B) They wanted to find a better place to live in. C) They were driven out of their homes. D) The reasons are unknown. 15.A) They try to put up with Gypsies. B) They are envious of Gypsies. C) They are unfriendly to

19、 Gypsies. D) They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies. 16.A) Special schools have been set up for them. B) Permanent homes have been built for them. C) They are now taught in their own language. D) They are now allowed to attend local schools.,B A C,Passage two,Around the year 1000A.D., some pe

20、ople from Northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes, they did not settle down again but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called the Romany people or Gypsies. There are Gypsies all over the world. And many of

21、them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them, including 3 million in Eastern Europe. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where they travel, because they are different. People may be afraid of them, look down on them or think that they are criminals.

22、 The Nazis treated the Gypsies cruelly, like the Jews. And nobody knows how many of them died in Hitlers death camps.Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like music and dancing, and they often work in fairs and traveling shows. Travelling is very important to them and many Gypsies are unhap

23、py if they have to stay in one place. Because of this, it is difficult for Gypsies children to go to school. And Gypsies are often unable to read and write. In some places, the education authorities try to arrange special travelling schools for Gypsy children so that they can get the same education

24、as other children.,Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Why did the ancestors of Gypsies leave their home? 15. What is the attitude of some people towards Gypsies? 16. What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?,Passage Three,Questions 17 to 20 are based on th

25、e passage you have just heard. 17.A) The causes are obvious. B) The causes are very complicated. C) The causes are familiar. D) The causes are not well understood. 18.A) Regular driver training. B) Improved highway design. C) Stricter traffic regulations. D) Better public transportation. 19.A) Highw

26、ay crime. B) Poor traffic control. C) Confusing road signs. D) Drivers errors. 20.A) Designing better cars. B) Building more highways. C) Increasing peoples awareness of traffic problems. D) Enhancing drivers sense of responsibility.,D A B D,Passage three,As the car industry develops, traffic accide

27、nts have become as familiar as the common cold. Yet their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve. Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes. At the very least it is a problem that involves three factors: the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all drivers exercised good judgement at all