高考英语动词的时态和语态.ppt

1、高考动词时态专项复习,所谓动词时态,是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和状态. 动作发生的时间有过去, 现在和将来; 动作发生的状态有一般性,进行性和完成性.由此构成英语中16种不同时态,如上表所示: 中学阶段我们主要接触到9种时态 (红色和绿色所示) , 重点考察5种(红色所示)掌握时态的用法, 应从以下几点入手: 定义: 很多同学往往忽视这一点, 其实这恰恰是掌握时态用法的根本, 它定义的正是一个时态的应用范围. 2)谓语构成 3)时间状语 4)一般用法 5)特殊用法 6) 相关时态的区别,.一般现在时: 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作, 存在的状态或习惯性的动作. 时间状语: us

2、ually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally,seldom, on Sundays,at present ,nowadays, these days, at the moment 一般用法: 1.经常性或习惯性的动作 I go to work on foot every day. We always help each other. 2.现在的特征，状态 及能力 He loves sports. The coat fits you well. 3.普遍真理, 格言警句

3、Light travels faster than sound. Practice makes perfect.,特殊用法 1.某些表示动作起止的动词, 可用一般现在时表示一个按计划, 规定, 安排要发生的事.如begin, be, come, go , leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, happen 等 Eg. Tomorrow is Monday. When does the plane take off? 2.在时间状语从句

4、, 条件状语从句或让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时 If it rains tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting. I need one more stamp before my collection is completed. Even if he doesnt come this Sunday,Ill go fishing by myself.,3.特殊句型 Here/There comes our teacher.(一般现在时表正在发生的动作) It is +时间段+since. It is /has been five year

5、s since I moved here. .现在进行时: 表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作. 时间状语:now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays, at present 一般用法: 1.说话时正发生或正进行的动作 Im giving a lecture. 2.现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作 Im reading a novel these days. ( but I am not reading it now.) 特殊用法:1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作, 限于表 示来去, 开始, 结束, 离开， 到达等瞬间意义的动词,Were

6、 leaving on Friday. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I am taking my mom 2.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作 Dont mention this when you are talking with him . If she is sleeping , dont wake her up. 3.现在进行时与always, continually, constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等. He

7、 is always coming late. (不满) Youre always thinking of others.(赞扬) How are you feeling today? (比How do you feel today?更为亲切),与一般现在时相比, 现在进行时强调的是情况的暂时性, 而非长期的 习惯性的动作或情况. Where does he work?(长期的固定的工作) Where is he working?(暂时性的 可能刚换了工作) You are being a good girl to day.(今天你很乖哦) 表示心理状态, 情感的动词love, hate, p

8、lease 表存在状态的动词 appear, exist, lie, be , have , belong to , date from表感官的动词see, hear, notice, smell, taste, look不宜用进行时 一般将来时: 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态. 时间状语:tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +时间段 一般用法:1.将来的动作或状态 I shall go shopping this afternoon./ He will be back in a week.,

9、2.将来经常发生的动作 In a few years time, most people will go to work be car. 特殊用法:一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作. eg. Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water. Whenever he has time, he will come and see me . 其否定式表示“不能 没法” The machine wont work.(机器没法开动) This play wont act. (戏剧没法上演) be going to do ,be to d

10、o , will /shall do 的区别 前两者都可表示按计划, 安排做某事.be to do 还可表命令,意愿或征求对方意见. Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算. Are we to go on with the work?= Shall we ? If you are to be there on time, (意愿) -you have left the light on . -Oh, sorry. Ill go and turn it off.(被告知前无打算),.一般过去时: 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态.(包括习惯性动作) 时间状语:yester

11、day, last week, ago, later, in 1980 一般用法: (定义) I had supper at 6:30. I wasnt at home last night. My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive. 特殊用法: 1.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句 中过去将来的动作 He said he would come if he was not busy. 2. 有些情况发生的时间不很清楚(无明确时间状语), 但实际是过去发生的. I was glad to get you

12、r letter. What did you say? What was the final score?,3. 特殊句型; Its time that did/was/were. 4.有时过去时态只表示委婉的语气 Did you want to see me? Could you help me? .现在完成时: 表示动作在过去已经完成, 但对现在仍有影响. 时间状语:already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for , since 基本用法1. 不带时

13、间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成, 而后果和影响至今存在. I have seen the film many times. The city has taken on a new look. 2.到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作的总和, 也可表示状态和习惯性的动作) How many pages have covered today? She has done a lot of work for us. He has been ill for a week.,3.表示一直持续到现在的状态 The conference has lasted five days. 4.在

14、时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作 When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then. 这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时 .试比较: Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. She will call you when she gets

15、home. 5.特殊句型: Its the first time that have/has done. It has been/is + 时间段 +since . This is the best film that I have ever seen. 6.短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用, 如需连用可转化成相应的,延续性动词, 如diebe dead , leavebe away , come back be back , fall in love with -be in love with , marrybe married to , join be a member of /be in

16、 He has died . 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个影响现状的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系起来了 ？（现在是否在这里？） ？（刚才在吗？） （可能找到了） （还没找着） 过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作 时间状语：，,， 一般用法：1.过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作 The teacher came in when they were talking. He was reading while she was watching TV. 2.与 always, cont

17、inually, constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等（同现在进行时） 特殊用法：Hope, want, wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求，表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况 I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope) e, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to 等,词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事 He was expecting to finish

18、 the work last month , but the machine went wrong. 3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情 _What did you say? -I was asking what you thought of it. .过去完成时：过去某时之前业已发生的动作或情况（过去的过去） 时间状语：before, after, once, until, by then end of +过去时间 用法：（定义）By the end of last year , they had treated 30, 000 patients. They had finish

19、ed all the work before dusk.,We congratulated them on the success they had achieved. 2.表希望, 打算的词如hope, expect, intend, plan, mean, want, think , suppose可用过去完成时表示本打算/希望做而没做到的事. I had hoped to visit Mount Tai last summer, but I was too busy.(也可表达为hoped to have visited/ was hoping to visit) 3.句型: No sooner had +主语 +done than +主语+ did Hardly/Scarcely had +主语+ done when +主语+ did. 及某些虚拟语气句式. 用过去完成时有一个重要前提, 既两个动作发生在不同时间, 先发生的用完成时, 但如果两个动作紧接着发生, 则可都用一般过去时. After we said goodbye to our friends, we left the village. Just before I left America, I sent them a telegram. When he entered the room, he found