绿色发展的法治保障-MinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionofthe.ppt

1、绿色发展的法治保障 后环境保护法时期我国单项环境立法的路径与方法The Law Guarantee of Green DevelopmentThe Path and Methods of Chinese monomial Environmental Legislations in Post Environmental Protection Law Era,汪 劲，北京大学法学院教授 WANG Jin, Professor of Peking University,2020/7/25,2,目 录,一、新环境保护法与单项环境立法关系定位 The Relationship between New E

2、nvironmental Protection Law and Monomial Environmental Legislations. 二、后环境保护法时期单项环境立法及其方法问题 Monomial Environmental Legislations and Approach to It in Post Environmental Protection Law Era.,2020/7/25,3,一、新环境保护法与单项环境立法关系的定位一、新环境保护法与单项环境立法关系定位The Relationship between New Environmental Protection Law an

3、d Monimial Environmental Legislations,从环境保护法修改看该法的立法定位 The legislative orientation of Environmental Protection Law through its amendment 环境保护法修改历程的简单回顾 A brief review of the amending process of Environmental Protection Law 立法规划历经“八届全国人大”到“十二届全国人大”25年 The legislative planning went through 25 years fr

4、om 8th National Peoples Congress to 12th National Peoples Congress 立法总目标四年内从“有限修改”转变为“全面充实” The general objective of legislation: From limited changes to enrichment in the round 历程：2011.1-2014.4 Progress:2011.1-2014.4 修改方式从一审“修正案草案”改为三审“修订草案” The amending method:from amendment draft in 1st review to

5、 revised draft in 3rd review 环境保护法修订草案在经历全国人大常委会四审立法程序后通过 The Revised Draft of Environmental Protection Law was approved after 4th review of Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress,2020/7/25,4,2. 新环境保护法的立法定位 The legislative orientation of new Environmental Protection Law 是在环境保护领域中具有基础性、综

6、合性地位的法律，同时也是一部对环境保护领域具有共同性的事项与行为可直接适用的法律 Its a foundamental and comprehensive law in environmental protection area. Meanwhile, its also a directly applicable law for homogeneous matters and behaviors in environmental protection area 是约束和规范各级人民政府有关开发利用环境与资源决策行为和强化环境监督管理职权的法律 It can bind and regulate

7、decision-making behaviors of local government at all levels, which were related to development and utilization of environment and resources. It can also strengthen the authority of environmental supervision and management 是中国环境立法史上首部针对所有行为模式完整、对应地规定了相应法律后果即行政、民事和刑事法律责任的法律 Its the first law in Chines

8、e environmental legislative history, which regulates legal consequence, including administrative liability, civil liability and criminal liability for all behavior patterns,2020/7/25,5,3. 新环境保护法的足与不足The advantages and disadvantages of new Environmental Protection Law,确立了新的制度与措施 Establish new systems

9、 and measures 强化环保部门执法手段 Strengthen the enforcement means of envionmental protection administration 查封、扣押权authority to seal up and detain 限产、停产权authority to limit and stop production 区域、流域污染联合防治协调机制The joint coordination mechanism to prevent and control regional and watershed pollution 生态保护补偿机制Ecolo

10、gical compensation mechanism 环境信息共享机制Environmental information sharing mechanism 环境经济激励措施Environmental economic incentives measures 环境污染责任保险Environmental pollution liability insurance 按日连续处罚Successive punishment by the day 对直接责任人员的人身处罚Panelty to directly responsible personnel 行政拘留administrative dete

11、ntion,健全了部分既有制度与措施 Improve some existing systems and measures 环境标准Environmental standard 强化地方政府环境质量责任Strengthen the responsibility of environment quality of local governments 环境监测制度Environmental monitoring system 环境公益诉讼Environmental public litigation 增加环评制度的要求Increase the requirements of the EIA sys

12、tem 不足与问题：新环境保护法是实施法还是政策法？ Disadvantages and problems: Is new Environmental Protection Law a Enforcement Act or Policy Act? 简单重申了部分环境保护基本制度 Simply repeat some basic regulations of environmental protection 确立新制度的原则规定 Establish principle provisions of new regulations 如何衔接与污染防治各单项法有关的制度 How to connect

13、it with relevent regulations in single legislations about pollution prevention,2020/7/25,6,二、后环境保护法时期单项环境立法及其方法Monomial Environment Legislations and Approach to It in Post Environmental Protection Law Era,1. 大气污染防治法修订草案征求意见稿简评 A brief comment to Revised Draft Soliciting Public Opinion of Law of Prev

14、ention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution 1987 年9 月制定大气污染防治法；1995 年8 月第一次修改大气污染防治法；2000 年4 月第二次修改大气污染防治法 Law of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution was enacted in September 1987; first revised in August 1995; second revised in April 2000. 2006年以来组织修法 Organize the revise since 2006 2010

15、年1 月，环保部向国务院法制办第一次报送了修订草案建议稿（2011-2014年期间经历环境保护法修改，以及2013年6月国务院颁行大气污染防治行动计划） In January 2010, its the first time that Ministry of Environmental Protection submitted Proposals of Revised Draft to the Legal Affairs Office of the State Council (The Environmental Prontection Law was revised during 2011-

16、2014, and the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution). 2014年6月，环保部向国务院法制办第二次报送了修订草案建议稿2014年6月11日，国务院法制办给有关部门发出了征求意见单 In June 2014, its the second time that Ministry of Environmental Protection submitted Proposals of Revised Draft to the Legal Affairs Office of the State Coun

17、cil. On June 11, the Legal Affairs Office of the State Council sent out Revised Draft Soliciting Opinion to relevent departments. 2014年9月9日，国务院法制办网上发布了修订草案征求意见稿 On September 9, 2014, the Legal Affairs Office of the State Council issued Revised Draft Soliciting Public Opinion on the Internet.,2020/7/

18、25,7,（2）各次大气污染防治法结构与条文比较条文多余与法条资源的浪费The structures and provisions comparison table of various Law of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollutionadditional provisions and waste of law resourses.,2020/7/25,9,2014年9月修订草案征求意见稿 Revised Draft (Sept 2014) Soliciting Public Opinion 第一章 总 则（1-7） Chapter

19、I General Provisions (1-7) 第二章 大气污染防治的标准和规划（8-12） Chapter II Standard and Planning of the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (8-12) 第三章 大气污染防治的监督管理（13-21） Chapter III Supervision and Management of the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (13-21) 第四章 大气污染防治措施（22-63） Chapter IV

20、 Measurements of the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (22-63) 第一节 燃煤大气污染防治（22-28） Section 1 the Prevention and Control of Coal Fire Atmospheric Pollution (22-28) 第二节 工业大气污染防治（29-35） Section 2 the Prevention and Control of Industrial Atmospheric Pollution (29-35) 第三节 机动车船大气污染防治（36-48）

21、Section 3 the Prevention and Control of Motor Vehicle and Vessel Atmospheric Pollution (36-48) 第四节 扬尘污染防治（49-53） Section 4 the Prevention and Control of Dust Atmospheric Pollution (49-53) 第五节 其他大气污染防治（54-63） Section 5 the Prevention and Control of Other Atmospheric Pollution (54-63) 第五章 重点区域大气污染联合防治

22、（64-70） Chapter V the Cooperation of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution in Key Areas (64-70) 第六章 重污染天气应对（71-75） Chapter VI Response to the Heavy Pollution Weather (71-75) 第七章 法律责任（76-101） Chapter VII Legal Liability (76-101) 第八章 附 则（102） Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions (102),9,2020

23、/7/25,10,2014年9月修订草案征求意见稿问题分析Analysis of the Issues in the Revised Draft (Sept 2014) Soliciting Public Opinion,征求意见稿中的垃圾条文 Rubbish Articles in the Draft 与环境保护法规定直接重复的条文 Articles repeated in the Environmental Protection Law 形式上有18条 18 Articles Formally 征求意见稿中应当细化的条文 Articles should be elaborated in t

24、he Draft 环境保护法已有原则性规定与对单项环境立法提出的立法要求 The Environmental Protection Law has the general rule to require legislation on the monomial environment 征求意见稿中应当增加的内容 Context should be added in the Draft,10,2020/7/25,11,3.后环境保护法时期单项环境立法及其方法3. Monomial Environment Legislations and Approach to It in Post Environ

25、mental Protection Law Era 3.1 新环境保护法有关准用性、授权性规范的文字的频次3.1 the Frequency of Expression about Approving Norm and Authorization Norm,规定：9次（此处原PPT文有误，请修改）Prescribe: 9 times 法律规定 prescribed by the law 有关法律的规定 prescribed by relevant laws 有关法律法规规定 prescribed by relevant laws and regulations 的规定/的有关规定 prescr

26、ibed by 有关法律法规按照的规定 prescribed by relevant laws and regulations according to 有关规定 relevant prescript 按照：8次 According to 8 times 按照市场规则 according to market Rules 按照规定 according to regulations 按照国家有关规定和监测规范 according to relevant regulations and monitor norms 按照排污许可证的要求 according to Requirements of Pol

27、lutant Discharge License 按照原处罚数额 according to the original punishment amount 按照防治污染设施的运行成本、违法行为造成的直接损失或者违法所得等因素 according to operating costs of pollution prevention facilities , direct losses caused by illegal acts or unlawful income and other factors,符合：11次 Comply with 11 times 符合法律法规规定和监测规范的要求 com

28、ply with laws, regulations and monitor norms 符合法律法规规定和有关标准 comply with laws, regulations and relevant standards 符合经批准的环境影响评价文件的要求 comply with the requirements of the approved EIA documents 符合有关法律法规规定 comply with laws and regulations 使用符合国家标准的监测设备 use monitor facilities complied with national standar

29、d 污染物排放符合法定要求 pollutant emissions complies with statutory requirements 符合下列条件的社会组织 social organization complying with following conditions 符合前款规定的社会组织 social organization complying with preceding paragraph 不符合我国环境保护规定的 not complied with regulations of Chinas environmental protection 不符合农用标准和环境保护标准的

30、not complied with agriculture and environmental protection standards 不符合行政许可条件准予行政许可的 grant an administrative license when it is not complied with conditions,11,2020/7/25,12,2. 单项环境立法怎么立 2. How to Make Monomial Environmental Legislations 环境保护法规定的准用性规范要通过单项环境/其他立法具体化 Approving norms in Environmental

31、Protection Law need to be materialized by monomial environment/other legislation 保障将环境行政管制与环境质量提高相结合assure the combination of environmental administrative control and improvement of the environmental quality 摒弃辖区内有的管制思路与方法 Abandon ideas and methods of control within the area 污染管制与治理的立法思路清晰 Clear thi

32、nking of pollution control and governance legislation,12,2020/7/25,13,4. 后环境保护法时期的环境保护基本制度改革与创新4. Environmental Basic System Reform and Innovation in Post Environmental Protection Law Era 通过法律的立改废解决 Solutions via the legislation, amendment, and abolishment of law 改革环评、三同时与排污许可制度衔接 Reform EIA, link “Three Simultaneous” to the Pollutant Discharge License 单项环