Unit6-现代大学英语第二版精读3.ppt

1、,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Gore Vidal Clarence Page Charles Krauthammer,Unit 6,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Questions/Activities,Check-on Preview,Objectives,Unit 6,Warming up,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,Warming up,Discuss the following questions: What did you know abou

2、t the drug problem before reading the essays? Why do you think people still take drugs in spite of the worldwide anti-drug campaigns? What do you know about the situation in China? Do you think the drug problem is serious? Side with one of the three authors and have a brief debate with your group me

3、mbers to see which author is more convincing.,Questions/Activities,cannabis cocaine stimulants opium heroin morphine crack dolantin “ice” “ecstasy”, XTC,大麻 可卡因 兴奋剂 鸦片 海洛因 吗啡 快克 度冷丁 冰毒 摇头丸,drug dependence drug of abuse drug addiction abstinence syndrome drug addict injecting drug user, IDU snorting p

4、hysical dependence psychic dependence physiological dependence psychological dependence,药物依赖性 滥用药物 毒瘾 戒断综合症 吸毒者 注射毒品滥用者 鼻吸 身体依赖性 精神依赖性 生理依赖性 心理依赖性,drug-seeking behavior drug-taking behavior compulsive drug use polydrug abuse detoxification withdrawal rehabilitation reintegration,觅药行为 用药行为 强迫性用药 多药滥用

5、 脱毒 脱瘾 康复 重返社会,International Narcotics Control Board, INCB United Nations International Drug Control Programme, UNDCP World Health Organization, WHO Community Epidemiology Work Group, CEWG Asian Multicity Epidemiology Work Group, AMEWG,联合国国际麻醉品管制局 联合国国际禁毒计划署 世界卫生组织 美国社区药物滥用流行病学工作组 亚洲多城市药物滥用流行病学工作组,1

6、971年精神药物公约 1988年联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约 中国药物依赖性研究所,Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psycho tropic Substances, 1988 National Institute on Drug Dependence,Check-on Preview,Define the underlined words: the simple beauty (pa

7、ra. 16) a social sanction (para. 26) Paraphrase the following sentence: No one in Washington today recalls what happenedthe United States. (para. 6),Warming up,Objectives,Learn about the different solutions to the drug problem and understand the pros and cons of each of them. Compare the arguments a

8、nd find out their logical premises and fallacies. Learn how to argue coherently and convincingly by studying the techniques employed by the writers.,Warming up,Background,History,Authors,Unit 6,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,1. Gore Vidal prolific American novelist, and essayist political act

9、ivist: Democratic- Liberal,The war on drugs has nothing at all to do with drugs. It is part of an all-out war on the American people by a government interested only in control. Gore Vidal,Background,Authors,“Probably no American writer since Franklin has derided, ridiculed, and mocked Americans more

10、 skillfully and more often than Vidal.” (Gordon S. Wood, The New York Times, December 14, 2003) Gore Vidal was often pointedly controversial: he published comments on democracy, homosexuality, religion, and drug legalization.,Background,Authors,2. Clarence Page columnist and member of the editorial

11、board of the Chicago Tribune 1972 Pulitzer Prize for a Chicago Tribune Task Force series on voter fraud 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary,Background,Background,Authors,3. Charles Krauthammer a syndicated columnist: The Washington Post Writers Group political commentator physician conservative (neoc

12、onservative in foreign policy),Background,Background,Authors,Compare the three authors backgrounds and see if you can explain why they disagree with each other.,Background,Background,Authors,Prohibition in the United States (the Noble Experiment) 1840s, spearheaded by some religious denominations(宗派

13、，教派） 1881, Kansas as the first to outlaw alcoholic beverages 1917, alcohol banned as mandated（委托统治） in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution 1919-1933, nation-wide movement, plagued by smuggling and bootlegging （非法制造贩卖） 1933, the 18th Amendment repealed by the 21st Amendment,History,Background,Unit

14、 6,How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?,What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Vidal? legalization rather than criminalization What then are his main arguments? The right to be informed correctly (paras. 1-2) The right to choose (paras. 3-4) Sane people wont be addicted to drugs. (para

15、. 5) A lesson from Prohibition (paras. 6-7) The government and the mafia have a vested interest in the criminalization of drugs. (paras. 8-10),Text Analysis,Essay 1,Structure of Essay 1,The right to be informed sensibly How to inform people sensibly? Why will this require heroic honesty? Do you thin

16、k this will work?,heroin,opium,ecstasy,speed,ice,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Discussion,Drugs Gore Vidal,understanding the language points,2. we shall end up a race of Zombies.,end up: to be in a particular place or state after doing sth. or because of doing it,If you dont mend your ways, youl

17、l end up a criminal / in jails.,We didnt like it at first, but we ended up cheering.,他最终成了公司的主管人。,He ended up (as) head of the firm.,我们原打算去欧洲旅行，但最终去了东南亚。,We had planned to travel to Europe, but ended up in South-east Asia.,Drugs Gore Vidal,drug-related words and phrases,Drug-taker,Drug addict,Drug a

18、buse,A whiff of opium,Drug addiction,mainliner,Stamp out,Drug pushers,Get hooked on,Next fix,Bureaucratic machine,1. at cost (at cost price) Toms uncle is a car dealer and let him buy the car at cost. Cost+_ = selling price Translation 倾销是指用低于成本的价格进行销售，以将竞争对手赶出市场的行为。 Dumping is the selling below cos

19、t to drive competitors out of market. 实话和您说吧，这差不多是成本价了。 To tell you the truth, its almost at cost price.,markup,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (1),2. kick/break the habit (infml) to stop doing sth that has been a habit for a long time, esp. a bad or dangerous habit The cente

20、r provides help for addicts who have kicked their habit and want to stay away from drugs. Alex has kicked cigarettes, heroin, and booze（暴饮）.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (2),3. (just) for the record Just for the record, I didnt vote for him. For the record Id just like to

21、say that I totally disagree with this decision.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (3),27,The right to choose To choose what? The precondition of this right? Do you think that taking drugs belongs to this right?,right,right,right,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 2: Discussion,end

22、up I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction. end up doing sth Most slimmers on crash diets end up putting weight back on. end up with Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset. end up as He could end up as President. end up like I dont want to end up l

23、ike my parents.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 2: Words and Expressions,Sane people wont be addicted to drugs. Why? How to deal with people who are not sane enough? How can the forbidden fruit psychology apply to this argument? Do you agree with this argument?,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 3: Discu

24、ssion,1. it is too bad that it is a pity that It is too bad that the country had to go to war over the matter. 2. it is not too bad if It is not too bad if a man has some wild dreams.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 3: Words and Expressions,A lesson from Prohibition Whats the lesson? Whats meant by “

25、no public memory of anything that happened last Tuesday”? Why did the Congress feel it their “divine mission” to prohibit alcohol? The result of Prohibition?,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 4: Discussion,1. sth is forbidden to sb 那时任何外国人都被禁止进入该地。 Entry to the place was then forbidden to all foreigner

26、s. 2. stamp out 地方政府发动了一场运动来清除腐败。 The local government has made a drive to stamp out corruption. 3. have/feel contempt for 我对这种不诚实的行为只有蔑视。 I have/feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behaviors.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 4: Words and Expressions,The government and the mafia have a vested

27、 interest in the criminalization of drugs. How can this be? Why blame the government for the deaths? Why does the government have a vested interest in it? What is then Vidals real concern? The drug problem? Or individual freedom against government control?,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Discussio

28、n,Drugs Gore Vidal,understanding the language points,3. No one in Washington today recalls .,No one in Washington today | recalls what happen during the years | alcohol was forbidden by a Congress | that thought is had a divine mission to stamp out Demon Rum | launching, in the process, the greatest

29、 crime wave in the countrys history, | causing thousands of deaths from bad alcohol, and | creating a general contempt among citizenry ,Subject,Verb,Object,Relative clause,Relative clause,Present participle phrase 1,Present participle phrase 2,Present participle phrase 3,1. get (sb) hooked on 根据最近的一

30、份报告，八岁的小孩子就会吸海洛因成瘾。 Children as young as eight years old can get hooked on heroin, according to a recent report. 小伙子是很容易喜欢上这种音乐的。 Young men can easily get hooked on this kind of music.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Words and Expressions (1),2. have a vested interest in (doing) sth 美国南北战争以前，要废除奴隶

31、制很难，因为奴隶主有既得利益。 It was difficult to end the system of slavery before the Civil War because slave owners had a vested interest in keeping it. 莫娜离开公司对他有利。 He has a vested interest in Monas leaving the firm.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Words and Expressions (2),wither away to die out or disappear

32、 gradually 因为吸毒，她成为艺术家的希望逐渐幻灭。 As a result of her drug addiction, her promise of becoming an artist withered away. 上了年纪的人抱怨说，在这个自由社会里，老的价值观念正在逐渐消失。 Older people are complaining that the old values are withering away in this free society.,Text Analysis,Essay 1,Argument 5: Words and Expressions (3),Wh

33、at is the solution to the drug problem offered by Page? Neither legalization nor criminalization will work. It is in fact a social problem. What then are his main arguments? Legalization is oversimplified: proponents arguments. (paras. 11-15) Legalizations failure: opponents arguments. (paras. 16-18

34、) Criminalization is neither the right answer to this problem. (paras. 19-20),Text Analysis,Essay 2,Structure of Essay 2,Legalization is oversimplified: proponents arguments. 1. common wisdom: remove _ pumped into the under-world reduce _ attraction take away _ tax the sale and use money to _ 2. “de

35、ep thinkers” Kurt Schmoke: _ Milton Friedman: _,immense profits,forbidden-fruit,criminal stigma,build more treatment centers,Prohibition of drugs is bailing out the ocean with a teaspoon.,Prohibition makes matters worse.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Fill in the Blanks,Para.11: Unfortunately, le

36、galization sounds too good to be true. Para.12: It sounds good because it is simple Para.13: Deep thinkers Para.15: He was not alone in his sentiments. Para.16: The simplicityUnfortunately, the simple beautyhas an ugly gaping hole.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Transition,1. Satire/Irony: If you

37、 cant win the game, change the rules. deliciously convenient Deep thinkers 2. Understatement: sounds too good to be true and probably is. Quotation from authority: para.15,18,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Writing Techniques,1. pumpinto to put a large amount of sth into, usu. at a high rate 特区政府未

38、来五年在旅游业投入18亿美元以振兴不景气的经济。 The SAR Government will pump $1.8 billion into the tourist industry over the next five years to help revive the sagging economy. 在考试前她极力向他灌输一些知识. She tried to pump some facts into his head before the examination.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (1),2.

39、 bail out to remove water; to help sb out of trouble, esp. financial problems 我们不能指望政府帮助所有的亏损公司摆脱困境。 We cant expect the government to bail out all the failing companies. be alone in (doing) sth 不是只有我一个人这么认为。 I am not alone in thinking so.,Text Analysis,Essay 2,Argument 1: Words and Expressions (2),L

40、egalizations failure: opponents arguments 1. What do the following people say? Prof. James Q. Wilson William Bennett 2. Interesting comparison: paras. 16 too; furthermore It was a long film and an uninteresting one to boot. 2. dwarf to be so big that other things are made to seem very small Shakespe

41、are dwarfs other dramatists. 3. be here to stay To legalize other drugs is to declare that the rest of the pharmacy is here to stay too.,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 1: Words and Expressions,卡特尔 （cartel） 由一系列生产类似产品的独立企业所构成的组织，集体行动的生产者，目的是提高该类产品价格和控制其产量。根据美国反托拉斯法，卡特尔属于非法。 卡特尔是垄断组织形式之一。生产或销售某一同类商品的企

42、业，为垄断市场，获取高额利润，通过在商品价格、产量和销售等方面订立协定而形成的同盟。参加这一同盟的成员在生产、商业和法律上仍然保持独立性。,亨弗莱德弗瑞斯特鲍嘉（1899年12月25日-1957年1月14日），美国男演员。1942年凭借在卡萨布兰卡中出色的表演获得奥斯卡最佳男演员奖提名；1951年凭借非洲女王号获得奥斯卡最佳男主角奖。 1999年，被美国电影学院评为电影诞生100年以来最伟大的男演员。,What should we do? 1. Why does the author mention smoking? changed image of smokers? measures tak

43、en? 2. We should do the same to drugs attitude towards the “Just Say No to Drugs” campaign? What does he mean by “cracking down hard on users”?,Text Analysis,Essay 3,Argument 2: Discussion,1. project to try to make people see sth in a particular way 他的第一项任务就是塑造格拉斯哥友好城市的形象。 His first job is to project Glasgow as a friendly city. 2. crack down (hard) on to be strict in making a group of people obey rules or laws 他们正在严厉查处酒后驾车。 They are cracking down hard