Unit4-Grammar.ppt

1、Unit 4 Earthquakes,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,Declan is a famous singer. He sings the song tell me why. Declan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.,The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.,The boy is my friend. He is reading a book over there.,He is a popular singer whos

2、e song is popular among young people. He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。 引导定语从句的关联词有：,定语从句,关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that,关系副词：when, where , why,定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。,This is the car which he bought last year.,先行词,定语从句,关系代词的句法功能及指代功能 关系代词处在先行词和定语从

3、句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：,在从句 中的作用,指代 功能,Do you know the doctor? He spoke just now.,Do you know the doctor who spoke just now?,定语从句的位置,whom 指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。,e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?,The girl is from America.,I called he

4、r just now.,The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.,* whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。,The girl got first. Her father had given us a report.,The girl whose father had given us a report got first.,e.g. Thats the man whose house was burned down.,That is the new machine. The parts of it are too small to

5、see.,Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.,e.g. Im not interested in the book which has just been published.,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small.,The apple which is green is big.,I

6、have read the newspaper.,It carries the important news.,I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.,I showed him the letter.,I received it this morning.,I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.,which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。,that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。,e.g. The ho

7、use that Im going to buy faces south.,Theyre talking about the film.,I have seen the film.,Theyre talking about the film (that) Ive seen.,It was written by Laoshe.,Jane has borrowed the book.,Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.,e.g. This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.,

8、All is well that ends well.,结局好, 一切都好。,e.g. This is the only book that has been written in French.,He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city.,that,e.g. Who is the man is standing over there.,that,* 先行词在从句中作表语时, 限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导。(常可省略),e.g. She is no longer the girl that she

9、 was before she went to the country.,当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用 who, 不用 that。 e.g. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.,在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代 词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用who。 e.g. Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not th

10、e girl that she used to be.,先行词是人, 从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用whom或that(介词后不用that)。,e.g. The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.,He is the student (whom, who, that) you want to see. 关系代词 that, which, whom 在从句中作 宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则 不可省略。,I. 根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。 This is the best film _ _ (我看过的).,(that) I have ever,seen,2. He has a daughter _ _ (在医院工作的). 3. The tree _ _(叶子变红了的) is an old one.,who / that works,whose leaves turn red / the,in a hospital,leaves of which turn red,1.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。 2.真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时方知其可贵。,Proverbs,Friendship is like sound health, the value of w