中科院考博四大解题要决.ppt

1、2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,1,四大解题要决,语义连接法 逻辑关系对应分析法 同义复现法 褒贬一致法,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,2,（一） 语义连接法,1. 表示时间关系：meantime, meanwhile, when, after then，时间状语 例:Last summer I took a job as a waitress. My motives at the time were purely ulterior: I had been attracted by local fables of the generous tips left

2、by tourists My routine was the regular one:take orders,carry food, . During that first week, I could only stumble home after a days work and fall in bed. Even when I had become accustomed to the routine, I never had any trouble . By the end of the summer, I had firmly resolved ,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外

3、语系,3,2. 表示空间关系：up, down, inside, over, beyond用于描写自然环境，地形地貌，房屋布置，物体构造的语篇。 例: It was the green heart of the canyon, Here all things rested. Even the narrow On one side, beginning at thewas a tiny meadow.Beyond the pool a gentle slope of earth ran up and up. Below, the canyon was shut in.There was no v

4、iew. Up the canyon rose far hills and peaks. And far beyond,like clouds upon the border of the sky,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,4,3. 表示例举和顺序：first(ly), second(ly), third(ly); one, two, three(学术论文和科技文章）;for one thing(and) for another (thing); for a start (非正式）;to begin with, to start with; in the first pl

5、ace, in the second place; next, then; finally, eventually, last, lastly; to conclude,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,5,4.表示意义增进和引申: again, also, furthermore, moreover, then, in addition, above all, what is more 例: You should not trust advertisements. Look at the products themselves. Talk to your friendsRead

6、 about product research And then you will . Above all, dont buy a product because an advertisement says that a famous football player or a movie star likes it. ：,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,6,5. 表示转折和对比：but, however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, in any case, at any rate, in spite of that, after all

7、, instead, then, on the contrary, by way of contrast, conversely, by way of comparison, on the other hand,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,7,6. 表示等同和替换：equally, likewise, similarly, in the same way; namely, in other words, that is, that is to say; better, rather, alternatively, on the other hand;(or) again,

8、(even) better, worse (still) 例：He may be late. Worse still, he may not come at all. Would you like to have a meeting about the matter this afternoon? Alternatively, we could discuss it at dinner.,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,8,7. 表示过渡和总结：incidentally, now, by the way; altogether, overall, all in all, in

9、all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, to conclude, to sum up 例:Norway welcomes children, and here, as usually elsewhere, there is 70% reduction for those up to threeYou are half-price, incidentally, until you are 15 on Norwegian trains and most buses and steamers.,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,9,8. 表示结果

10、和推论：as a result, accordingly, consequently, as a (in) consequence, for this /that reason, on that account, in that case, so, hence, therefore, then, thus; accordingly; else, otherwise 例:The factory was burned down last night; on that account many workmen were thrown out of employment. To meet the ne

11、eds of the new situation, agriculture had to undergo a drastic change that was indisputable; else (=if not, otherwise) the country would have starved.,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,10,真题示例,（2001）When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasu

12、res that accompany drinking or drug-taking. 46 the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” 46. A. Hence B. Because C. And yet D. moreover,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,11,(2002/3) Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations

13、 in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating . 48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus (2000) Explosive population growth 49 a torrent of migration from the countryside are creating cities that dwarf the great capitals of the past. 49. A. of B. like C. and D. or,2002-11-30

14、,中国科学院研究生院外语系,12,(1996) If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 53 have to come to an immediate halt, 53. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. hence (1998) The puritans, 48 they were called, had much to be thankful 49 . 48. A. since B. like C. for D. as,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,13,（二）逻

15、辑关系对应分析法,1. 并列关系同义词解法 2. 对立关系反义词解法 3. 总分式解法 4. 分总式解法,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,14,(1997) Its no secret that teachers have been leaving their chosen field in droves. But not every teacher is burned out. I myself just can not imagine life 41 the classroom. Why, then, do I stay in teaching? 41. A. outsid

16、eB. in C. intoD. out (2001) The organism may be 57 sated, but soon it begins to crave again. 57. A. eventually B. temporarily C. accordingly D. subsequently,真题示例,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,15,(2001) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life, his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses preve

17、nts him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 60 an alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol. 60. A. Similarly B. Conversely C. Naturally D. Generally,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,16,（三）同义反复法,同义词的重复表强调 近义词的运用表递进 相关词的搭配表衔接,2002-11-30,中

18、国科学院研究生院外语系,17,真题示例,(1999) Gradually, without seeing it clearly for quite a while, I came to realize that something is very wrong with the way American women are trying to live their lives today. I sensed it first as a 46 mark in my own life, as 47 wife and mother of three small children, half-guilt

19、y, and therefore half-heartedly using my abilities and education in work that took me 48 home. It was this personal question mark that let me to spend a great deal of time doing 46. A. question B. dark C. significant D. quotation,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,18,(2002/3) At least since the Industrial Revo

20、lution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious 46 has occurred in the roles that women 47 46. A. incidents B. changes C.results D.effects,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,19,(2002/10) Assuming that a constan

21、t travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In several developing regions, most travel 50 in 2050 will be devoted to non-motorized modes. Buses will persist 51 the pr

22、imary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. 51.A. to B. as C. with D. over,2002-11-30,中国科学院研究生院外语系,20,(2002/10)52 important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and 53 low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. 54 of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will