汉英翻译症(三).ppt

1、汉英翻译症（三）,Parallel Structure,Introduction,在将若干成分并列叙述时，既要照顾到它们语法形式的对等（如词性、语法成分、主动/被动等），也要照顾到抽象/具体性质的对等。,校训翻译,Dead Poet socity : Wellington School Tradition, honor, discipline, excellence 华中科技大学校训: 明德厚学 求是创新 Virtue, Knowledge, Truth, Innovation 原来东九楼的译文是IllustriousVirtue,Erudite,Practical,Innovation 西点

2、军校 Duty, Honor, Country 耶鲁大学 Truth and Light 香港大学 “格物明德” Knowledge and Virtue,Examples,1、需要木材用以建房、防洪。 误译：Timber is needed for construction and to withstand floods. 改译：Timber is needed to provide material for construction and to help withstand floods.,Examples,2、代表们一致认为这是以后十年的重要问题，关系着提高人民的生活，和保护环境。 误

3、译：The delegates agreed that these are vital issues for the next decade, both for peoples quality of life and for saving the environment. 改译：The delegates agreed that these are vital issues for the next decade, affecting both the quality of peoples lives and the preservation of the environment.,Examp

4、les,3、他们一致建议，应该将更多资金用于发展科技，引进更加灵活的制度以保证经济领域和科研机构的人才流动，进一步努力以保证科研成果转化为工农业生产。 误译：They unanimously suggested that more funds should be injected into scientific development , that a more flexible system be introduced to help the transfer of talent between economic sectors and scientific institutes, and

5、that more efforts are needed to accelerate the transfer of the fruit of scientific research into industrial and agricultural production.,Examples,改译：The unanimously suggested that more funds should be allocated for scientific development, that a more flexible system should be introduced to facilitat

6、e the exchange of highly trained people between economic enterprises and scientific institutes, and that more efforts should be made to ensure that the results of scientific research are rapidly applied in industry and agriculture.,Examples,4、因为我们控制的国土面积扩大，大量的银行钞票在乡村发行，农产品增加，以及工商业复苏，从7月底开始，货币流通量增加了。

7、 误译：Since the end of July the amount of money in circulation has increased, owing to factors such as the expansion of the territory under our control, the diversion of more bank notes to the countryside, increased farm produce and the recovery of industry and commerce.,Examples,改译：Since the end of J

8、uly the amount of money in circulation has increased, owing to such factors as the expansion of the territory under our control, the diversion of more bank notes to the countryside, an increase in farm production, and the recovery of industry and commerce.,Examples,5、与此同时，土地在分配，地租在减少，工资在增加。 误译：Simul

9、taneous with that is the allocation of land, rent reduction ,and wage increases. 改译：Simultaneous with that is the allocation of land, reduction of rents, and increase in wages.,Examples,6、在经济上，我们努力实行食物分配的民主，减少租金和利息，增加工资，消除失业，发展生产。 误译：Economically, we are struggling for the democracy of distribution

10、of food grain , reduction of rent and interest , increase of wages, getting rid of unemployment and developing production. 改译：Economically, we are struggling to ensure the democratic distribution of grain, reduce rent and interest rates, increase wages, eliminate unemployment and develop production.

11、,Examples,7、有一些知识分子抱怨说，我们跟他们的人事关系只有三件：工作调动，审查个人历史，何时犯错误。 误译：Some intellectuals complain that our personnel contact them only on three things: namely, a transfer of work, a review of personal history, and when a mistake is committed. 改译：Some intellectuals complain that our people talk to them on only

12、 three occasions: when they are transferred to another, when their personal history is being reviewed, and when they make a mistake.,Examples,8、片面性是指以绝对的方式来思考问题，即是采用形而上学方法来解决问题。 误译：One sidedness means thinking in terms of absolutes, that is , a metaphysical approach to problems. 改译：One-sidedness mea

13、ns thinking in terms of absolutes, that is taking a metaphysical approach to problems.,Examples,9、这些是下个世纪重要的问题，即关系到人民生活水平提高，又关系到环境保护。 误译：These are vital questions for the next century, both for peoples quality of life and for protecting the environment. 改译：These are vital questions for the next cent

14、ury, both for enhancing peoples quality of life and for protecting the environment.,Examples,10、今年年初8个月的产量是54000台，并销售了52000台。 误译：Production during the first eight months of this year was 54000 units and 52000were sold. 改译：During the first eight months of this year, 54000 units were produced and 5200

15、0 were sold,Examples,11、雷发春是青海省胡竹县的农民，在离婚和父母去世之后，觉得无力赡养三个儿子。 误译：Lei Fachun, a farmer in Huzhu county , Qinghai province, felt hopeless about the prospect of feeding his three sons after getting divorced and the death of his parents. 改译：After his divorce and the death of his parents , Lei Fachun, a f

16、armer in Huzhu county , Qinghai province, felt hopeless about the prospect of feeding his three sons.,Examples,12、姚局长说，为了保证农业生产的稳定、持续增长，我们需要一个长期的计划，而且要采取一些基本措施。 误译：Yao said that to ensure continued and steady growth of agricultural production ,”we need a long range plan for agricultural development

17、and to adopt certain basic measures.” 改译：Yao said that to ensure continued and steady growth of agricultural production ,” we need to draw up a long range plan for agricultural development and to adopt certain basic measures.”,Examples,13、只有通过这一过程，人的思想才能进步，党才能形成一套政策，组织才能改进工作。 误译：Only through this pr

18、ocess can a mans thinking develop, a party formulate a complete set of policies, and an organization improve its work. 改译：Only through this process can a man develop his thinking, a party formulate a complete set of policies, and an organization improve its work.,Examples,14 同时需要协调的有供水、安全、人员和车辆顺利过境。

19、 误译：Also to be coordinated are water supply, security, and how to move people and trucks across the border efficiently. 改译：Also to be coordinated are water supply, security and efficient movement of people and trucks across the border.,Make Clear Logical Relations,汉语表述时，有时成分之间的关系交待得不明确，翻译前要分析它们之间的内在

20、关系：并列？递进？转折？让步？因果？在将这些隐含的逻辑关系译为英语时，要通过适当的联接手段将主句和从句、从句与从句之间的层次关系表现清楚。,Examples,1、在未来的几个月内，4200个难民将没有食品。还要修缮3000套房子。 拙译：Forty-two thousand refugees will be short of food in the coming months. 3000 houses need to be restored. 改译：Forty-two thousand refugees will be short of food in the coming months ,

21、and 3000 houses need to be restored.,Examples,2、湖南省的煤矿多位与遥远的山区，该省鼓励下岗矿工从事农业。 拙译：Most of Hunans coal mines are located in remote, hilly land, the province has encouraged laid-off workers there to switch to agriculture to earn a living. 改译：Since most of Hunans coal mines are located in remote, hilly l

22、and, the province has encouraged laid-off workers there to switch to agriculture to earn a living.,Examples,3、新中国的男性和女性（特别是遭受深重封建压迫的女性）享有自主婚姻和平等权利。在新社会里，他们正从事各种政治活动，参加各行各业的建设。 拙译：In new China, men and women-especially women, who suffered most from feudal oppressionhave gained freedom of marriage and

23、 equal rights. In our new society they are taking a greater part in all kinds of political activities and in all fields of construction.,Examples,3、新中国的男性和女性（特别是遭受慎重封建压迫的女性）享有自主婚姻和平等权利。在新社会里，他们正从事各种政治活动，参加各行各业的建设。 改译：In new China, men and women-especially women, who suffered most from feudal oppress

24、ionhave gained freedom of marriage and equal rights, thus, in our new society they are taking a greater part in all kinds of political activities and in all fields of construction.,Examples,4、根据统计，该省人均绿化面积为3.2平方公里。该省还有29个风景名胜点，占地3088平方公里。 拙译：According to local statistics, the province now has green

25、areas averaging 3.2 square meters per person. There are 29 scenic spots and nature reserves, covering a total area of 3,088 square kilometers.,Examples,4、根据统计，该省人均绿化面积为3.2平方公里。该省还有29个风景名胜点，占地3088平方公里。 改译：According to local statistics, the province now has green areas averaging 3.2 square meters per

26、person. In addition, there are 29 scenic spots and nature reserves, covering a total area of 3,088 square kilometers.,Examples,5、上海住房改革办公室给300家企业和单位批准了470万平方米的建房计划。去年，7644个人均住房面积不足2.5平方米的家庭迁入了新居。 拙译：The Shanghai Housing Reform Office has granted 47million yuan to more than 300 enterprises and work u

27、nits for housing construction. A total of 7,644 families who previously has a per capita floor space of less than 2.5 square meters moved into new houses last year.,Examples,5、上海住房改革办公室给300家企业和单位批准了470万平方米的建房计划。去年，7644个人均住房面积不足2.5平方米的家庭迁入了新居。 改译：The Shanghai Housing Reform Office has granted 47milli

28、on yuan to more than 300 enterprises and work units for housing construction. As a result, a total of 7,644 families who previously has a per capita floor space of less than 2.5 square meters moved into new houses last year.,Examples,6、（对下岗职工）要尽量实行退休金、医疗保险和住房制度，让他们摆脱贫困的最好办法是帮他们找到工作。 拙译：Efforts will

29、be made to introduce pensions, medical insurance, and housing systems, and the best way to get laid-off workers out of poverty is to help them find jobs. Efforts will be made to introduce pensions , medical insurance, and housing systems, but the best way to get laid off workers out of poverty is to

30、 help them find jobs.,Examples,7、该博物馆有30年的历史，其收藏主要是中国书法与绘画，历史图片，以及当代香港艺术。 拙译：With a 30-year history, the museum is dedicated to the collection of items related to Chinese paintings and calligraphy, historical pictures, and contemporary Hong Kong art. 改译：The museum, which has a 30-year history, is de

31、dicated to the collection of items related to Chinese paintings and calligraphy, historical pictures, and contemporary Hong Kong art.,Examples,8、新阶段中国的主要矛盾是人民不断增长的物质文化需求与落后生产力之间的矛盾。为了促进社会发展，我们必须优先发展生产力，并将发展经济作为我们的中心工作。 拙译：The principal contradiction in Chinese society in the present stage is the one

32、 between the growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backwardness of production. To promote the allround progress of society, we must give priority to the growth of the productive forces and make economic development our central task.,Examples,8、新阶段中国的主要矛盾是人民不断增长的物质文化需求与落后生产力之间的矛盾。

33、为了促进社会发展，我们必须优先发展生产力，并将发展经济作为我们的中心工作。 改译：The principal contradiction in Chinese society in the present stage is the one between the growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backwardness of production. Accordingly, to promote the allround progress of society, we must give priority to

34、 the growth of the productive forces and make economic development our central task.,Examples,9、合资企业的名称是华中-华纳通讯有限公司，总投资255万元，伯格-华纳出资60%。 拙译：The venture, named Huazhong-warner Transmission Co. , Ltd., has a total investment of 255million yuan, with Borg-Warner contributing 60 percent. 改译：The venture,

35、 named Huazhong-warner Transmission Co. , Ltd., has a total investment of 255million yuan, of which Borg-Warner contributed 60 percent.,Examples,10、在与腐败作斗争的时候，我们要显示改革开放政策不变的决心。我们还要进一步深化改革开放。 拙译：While fighting corruption， we must demonstrate our will not to change the policies of reform and opening t

36、o the outside world and our resolve to deepen the reform and open even wider to the outside world.,Examples,10、在与腐败作斗争的时候，我们要显示改革开放政策不变的决心。我们还要进一步深化改革开放。 改译：While fighting corruption，we must demonstrate our resolve not to change the current policies but，on the contrary，to deepen the reform and open

37、even wider to the outside world.,Examples,11、但我是向来不爱放风筝的，不但不爱，并且憎恶他，因为我认为这是没有出息孩子所做的玩意儿。 译文：I myself had never enjoyed flying kites and, further, I detested it, thinking that it was the business of the kids with little promise.,Examples,12、浪费不光是指讲排场、乱花钱，更是指花钱时不考虑事情的轻重缓急、局部服从全局。拙译：Waste does not simp

38、ly mean extravagance and squandering but handling affairs or spending money without considering importance and urgency and the need to subordinate the part to the whole. 改译：Waste does not simply mean squandering money. Also and particularly it means spending money without considering priorities and

39、subordination of the part to the whole.,Examples,13、上底天色不大好，可是爹爹也到来，实在难得！ The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same.（刘士聪）,Dangling Structures and Incongruent Perspectives,Dangling structure applies to the three infinitive verbs, such as participle, the

40、 infinitive and gerund, in which the sense subject of the construction differs from the subject of the principal clause and does not appear on the surface. Like any adjectives, a participle (or participle phrase) needs to be closely linked to the noun or pronoun it modifies. When it is not, it is sa

41、id to “dangle”.,Dangling Structures and Incongruent Perspectives,As this structure may be quite ambiguously used in Chinese, translators are prone to write such ungrammatical sentences. 1、最近几年，中国从国外进口了大量的技术和设备，为石油化工技术的提高起了很大的作用。 Inadequate translation: In recent years, China has introduced much tech

42、nology and equipment from abroad, playing an important role in improving its petrochemical technology. Improved: In recent years, China has introduced much technology and equipment from abroad, and these imports have played an important role in upgrading its petrochemical industry.,Examples,2、幸运的是，通

43、过精简人员，公司的负载额大幅度降低了。 Inadequate translation: Fortunately , by cutting the number of employees, the annual debt of the firm has decreased. Improved: Fortunately, by cutting the number of employees, the firm has reduced its annual debt.,Examples,3、在掌握一些经验以后，这些措施将逐渐应用于我国其他地方。 Inadequate translation: Aft

44、er gaining some experience, these measures will gradually be introduced in other regions across the country. Improved: After we have gained some experience, these measures will be gradually introduced in other regions across the country.,Examples,4、为了让中国顺利进入21世纪，必须努力促进文化和道德进步，加强各民族的团结，并维持政治稳定。 Inade

45、quate translation: To lead china into the 21st century, efforts must also be made to promote cultural and ethical progress, to strengthen unity among Chinas various ethnic groups and to maintain political stability. Improved: To lead china into the 21st century , we must also promote cultural and et

46、hical progress, strengthen unity among various ethnic groups , and maintain political stability.,Examples,5、经过多年的努力工作，高玉成说土壤流失最终被控制住了。 Inadequate translation: After years of effort, Gao said that soil erosion has been brought under control. Improved: Gao said that after years of effort, soil erosion

47、 has been brought under control.,Examples,6、作为领导，必须清晰地了解问题，并制定出解决办法。 Inadequate translation: As leaders it is necessary to get a clear picture of the problems and work out measures to solve them. Improved: As leaders we must get a clear picture of the problems and work out measures to solve them.,Ex

48、amples,7、由于交通方便，走三环路从金辉宝塔到北京国际机场，只需要半小时。 Inadequate translation: Conveniently situated, traffic from Jin Hui Tower to Beijing International Airport takes only 1/2 hour via the Third Ring Road. Improved: The Jin Hui Tower is conveniently situated (or:located), only 1/2 hour from Beijing International

49、 Airport via the Third Ring Road.,Examples,8、通过军事或和平的途径，剩余大部分的敌军都停止了行动。 Inadequate translation: Using either military or peaceful means, most of the remaining enemy forces were put out of action . Improved: Using either military or peaceful means, we put most of the remaining enemy forces out of act

50、ion .,Examples,9、戴安娜身材高挑而又腼腆，她的时髦的衣服最近拍卖了570万美元。 Inadequate translation: Tall and shy, Dianas stylish dresses were recently auctioned off for $5.7 million. Improved: The stylish dresses of Diana, who was tall and shy , were recently auctioned off for $.7million.,Examples,10、中国的能源储备局世界第三，仅次于美国和俄罗斯。在上

51、世纪90年代，煤产量居世界第一，原油产量居世界第五，发电量居世界第二。 Inadequate translation: Boasting the worlds third largest bank of energy resources, after the United States and Russia, Chinas output of coal in the 1990s leads the world, while its crude oil output ranks fifth and electricity second. Improved: In the 1990s China

52、, which boasts the worlds third largest energy reserves after the United States and Russia , ranks first in output of coal, second in output of electricity, and fifth in output of crude oil.,Examples,11、做这样工作时，技术和设备必须升级，测试和实验设备也需要改进。 Inadequate translation: In so doing , techniques and equipment sho

53、uld be upgraded, testing and experimental facilities should be improved. Improved: In so doing, we should upgrade techniques and equipment, improve testing and experimental facilities.,Examples,12、与发达国家相比，中国的人均国民收入仍然很低。 Inadequate translation: Compared with the developed countries, Chinas per capita

54、 national income is still very low. Improved: Compared with the developed countries, China still has a very low per capita national income.,Examples,13、作为一个有着十三亿多人口的发展中国家，中国的碳氢资源还不能满足不断增长的需求。 Inadequate translation: As a developing country with more than 1.3 billion people, he noted, Chinas hydrocar

55、bon resources will not be able to meet the fast growing demand. Improved: As a developing country with more than 1.3 billion people, he noted, China does not have enough hydrocarbon resources to meet the fast-growing demand.,Examples,14、在深化改革和加快经济发展的步伐过程中，应该加强建设一个廉洁奉公的政府。 Inadequate translation: Whi

56、le deepening reform and quickening the pace of economic development, efforts to build a clean and honest government should be strengthened. Improved: While deepening reform and accelerating economic development, we should strengthen efforts to build a clean government.,Examples,15、只有执行这个政策，文化活动才能对社会

57、主义建设做出贡献。 Inadequate translation: Only by carrying out this policy can cultural undertakings contribute more to our socialist construction. Improved: Only by carrying out this policy can we ensure that cultural undertakings will contribute more to socialist construction.,Examples,16、新项目占地1.3平方公里，预期今

58、年动工，在以后的8年中分5个阶段完成。 Inadequate translation: Covering an area of 1.3 square kilometers , construction of the new project is expected to start within this year and will be completed in five stages over the next eight years. Improved: Construction of the new project, which will cover an area of 1.3 squ

59、are kilometers , is expected to start this year and to be completed in five stages over the next eight years.,Examples,17、在学习普通话的时候，你不能只靠耳朵和嘴巴，因为学的东西很快就会忘记。为了使学习效率更高，必须有印有音位图的书，以及给每一个汉字注明音位图的辞典。 Inadequate translation: In studying Putonghua, you cant just rely on your ears and tongue, because it is easy to forget what you have learned. For more efficient study there must be books printed in a phonetic alphabet and dictionaries giving the phonetic transcription of each character.,Examples,17、再学习普通话的时候，你不能只靠耳朵和嘴巴，因为学的东西很快就会忘记。为了使学习效率更高，必须有印有音位图的书，以及给每一个汉字注明音位图的辞典。 Improved: In studying Puto