高三英语复习 名词性从句讲义

1、名词性从句讲义【主语从句及引导词】 主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。【例句呈现】 观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:1. What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites every

2、body.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。3. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。4. Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。5. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.该句中主语从句是_，引导词为_。【观察总结】 通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一

3、种呈现方式，即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：It is not clear how the accident happened.It is not hard to understand why he did so at that time.It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the ac

4、cident. 不难看出，虽然上面例句中都用it作形式主语，但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总结如下：1. It is + n. + that从句2. It is + adj. + that从句，常见此类形容词有：important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible 等。3 It + 特殊动词 + that从句It seems / appears . that . 似乎It happened (to sb.) that . （某人）碰巧4

5、It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句It is said / reported / believed / suggested / known / proved that .【要点精讲】1. what与that引导主语从句观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。(1) What you lack is self-confidence. 译为：_(2) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.译为：_(3) What is needed for the program is more wisdom.

6、译为：_ 从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则：一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时， that可以省略。而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为：一、作句子成分；二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。【巩固练习】 用what或that填空。(1) _ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2) _ is important to us is enough time.(3) It worries my mo

7、m _ she is beginning to get a little fat.(4) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.2. whether与if引导主语从句 如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。【巩固练习】 用whether或if填空。(1) It doesnt matter _ he will come or not.(2) _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(3) It was

8、 doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon.(4) _ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.3. 其它引导词 连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意义上更为强调，常译为“无论”；连接副词when, where, why, how等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。【高考链接】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. It is still under di

9、scussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (重庆2011)A. whether B. when C. which D. where 2. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. (江西2011)A. this B. that C. what D. which3. _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many o

10、thers. (北京2010)A. Whether B. What C. That D. How4. It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (陕西2010)A. which B. what C. that D. if5. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (浙江2010)A. that B. what C. how D. whetherKey:【例句呈现】1 What is needed for a long trip; what2 That Jay Zhou will come to my city; that3 Whether we will travel abroad or not; whether4 Whoever knows the secret; whoever5 why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago; why【要点精讲】1. (1)你所缺乏的是自信。(