ACT各单项介绍-ACT阅读-主旨题.ppt

1、,一. 主旨的定义,主旨 = 主题（KW） +方向（正负感情色彩） +关系词（逻辑）,一. 主旨的定义,Why you may wonder should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world. They would devour all our crop

2、s, and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.,We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect-eaters, spiders

3、never do the least harm to us or our belongings.,一. 主旨的定义,“主题” 是这段话讲的事物（spiders） “方向”是该事物是好是坏（friends） “关系词”是维持或者改变方向的标志 （Because、and和Moreover）。,二. 如何掌握主旨,错误方法： 匀速阅读，精读每个单词和句子 正确方法： 变速阅读，先慢后快,二. 如何掌握主旨,汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛， “Save the best for the last”。 英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题， “Say what you want

4、 to say, then say why”。 70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句,二. 如何掌握主旨,变速阅读： 精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”） 浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），,二. 如何掌握主旨,All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may

5、 contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion;,二. 如何掌握主旨,and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have p

6、rovided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.,二. 如何掌握主旨,精读首句： 主题是“environmental impacts” 方向是“damaging”（负向） 浏览全段 关系词：For example及四个并列的分句维持着首句的方向。 主旨：“环境影响是破坏性的”,二. 如何掌握主旨,Drama is sometimes seen as a branch of literature because plays，like literature, are often printed in book form. How

7、ever, there is an important difference between the two forms. Unlike a novel，a play is written to be performed, and the script of a play is not a finished work；it is an outline for a performance.,二. 如何掌握主旨,The physical production of the play-the scenery, lighting，and costumes-will affect the perform

8、ance, and so will the actors. How the actors interpret their roles greatly influences the plays effect on the audience.,二. 如何掌握主旨,精读首句： 主题是“drama”和“literature” 方向是“a branch” 主旨是“戏剧与文学的相同点” 因果关系词because和类比关系词like都是维持方向的。,二. 如何掌握主旨,浏览全段： 转折关系词：However和unlike说明方向发生了改变 主旨：“戏剧与文学是不同的”。（第二句）,二. 如何掌握主旨,Mot

9、her, who wanted to keep her, always thoughts of her as some wild little bird, but I knew she was a homing pigeon. I knew that at some point in her flight path, sooner or later, she would make a U-turn. A sort of human boomerang.,二. 如何掌握主旨,So even though I had long since stopped expecting it, I was n

10、ot surprised when I walked down the gravel drive to the mailbox, which Id painted papaya yellow to attract good news, and found the flimsy envelope with the Dallas postmark.,主旨题,1. 内容性主旨题 2. 目的性主旨题,内容性主旨题,如果文章有明显主题句，则对其作同义替换 新老观点对比型：新观点为主题句 现象解释型：正确解释为主题句 问题解决型：正确的解决方法为主题句 结论解释型：开头的结论为主题句,内容性主旨题,如果无

11、明确的主题句，则使用三出现原则。 1. KW必须出现 2. 细节不能出现 3. 新内容（文中未提到）不能出现,新老观点对比型(468),Traditionally, manufacturers havent had to worry about what happens to a product after it leaves their gates. But that is starting to change, thanks to laws now in the wings in Europe (and headed for the United States) that will req

12、uire companies to take back their durable goods such as refrigerators, washers, and cars at the end of their useful lives.,新老观点对比型(468),In Germany, the take-back laws start with the initial sale. Companies must take back all their packaging or hire middlemen to do the recycling. Take-back laws mean

13、that manufacturers who have been saying, “This product can be recycled,” must now say, “We recycle our products and packaging.”,现象解释型(472),Researchers have suggested many scenarios for the Martian apocalypse. Some have proposed that the sun gradually whittled away Mars atmosphere with its wind of ch

14、arged particles. Others have hypothesized that the planet itself absorbed most of its atmosphere, turning carbon dioxide into carbonate rocks.,现象解释型(472),For the past seven years, however, Ann Vickery and Jay Melosh, two planetary scientists from the University of Arizona, have been exploring a far

15、more spectacular ending: most of Mars atmosphere, they suggest, was blasted away by a succession of asteroids and comets.,结论解释型(186),The remarkable thing about dinosaurs is not that they became extinct, but that they dominated the earth for so long. Dinosaurs held sway for 100 million years while ma

16、mmals, all the while, lived as small animals in the interstices of their world. After 70 million years on top, we mammals have an excellent track record and good prospects for the future, but we have yet to display the staying power of dinosaurs.,问题解决型(181),“You going to invite them here?” “I havent thought that far” I said. “Dont put it off” “Maybe