澳大利亚商业银行风险管理.ppt

1、1,ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT CENTREWORKSHOP ON RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKSSHANGHAI, 20/21ST DECEMBER 2005,VI: 澳大利亚商业银行风险管理 发言人：Ken Waller, 澳洲联邦银行高级顾问,2,Agenda 综述,1. Why risk management is critical to good banking 风险管理对于银行经营的重要性 2. Summary of key risks impacting on banks 银行业面临的主要风险 Australias e

2、conomic environment 澳洲经济环境 4. Australia financial regulatory approach 澳洲金融监管体系 Major risk management challenges 风险管理面临的挑战 6. Responses to risk challenges 应对挑战 7. Implementing Basel II Australias experience 澳洲实施新巴塞尔协议的经验 Challenges in implementing Basel II 新巴塞尔协议面临的挑战 Benefits from strengthened risk

3、management 深化风险管理的益处 Conclusions 结论,3,1. Why risk management is critical to good banking 风险管理的重要性,I refer to the comments I made in Session II of this workshop 请参照我在第二讲中所讲的内容 Summarising: 小节 - fundamental obligation to protect depositors 保护储户的基本义务 - returns to shareholders 回报股东 - vital for confidenc

4、e in banks/banking system 保持银行业/银行系统信心 - stability for growth and national development 有助于国家经济的稳健发展,4,2. Summary of key risks impacting on banks 银行业面临的主要风险,Domestic and international economic and political environment 国内国际政治经济环境 Quality of monetary and budget policies and the legal framework 货币、预算政策

5、和法律框架的有效性 Global growth outlook, and risks 全球发展前景及风险,5,3.Australias economic environment 澳洲经济环境,Relevant in context of risk management- 与风险管理相关联的经济环境 - continuing a long period of relatively strong economic growth 经济发展在较长时间内保持稳健 - low inflation 低通货膨胀 - budgets in surplus strong fiscal outlook 预算盈余-

6、乐观的财政前景 - solid global outlook with risks 全球前景稳定 Good banking sector: profitable, well capitalised, low non-performing loans highly competitive 银行业运作良好-赢利、资本配置合理、不良贷款率低-竞争激烈,6,4. Australia financial regulatory approach 澳洲金融监管体系,Present system has evolved after a long period of reform 现有体制经历了长期改革演变而来

7、 Major changes followed the Financial System Inquiry in 1997 1997年“金融体制质询” 引起重大改变 Led to formation of Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) - to supervise all deposit taking institutions (ADIs)and life and general insurance and superannuation 设立澳大利亚金融监管局 -监管所有授权存款机构 (ADIs)、人寿和一般保险、以及退休金体

8、制 ADIs include banks, building societies, credit unions and other licensed deposit takers 授权存款机构 (ADIs）包括银行、建筑资金融资合作社、信用合作社以及其它授权存款机构,7,4.2 Australia - financial regulatory approach (continued)澳洲金融监管体制（续）,Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) central bank, responsible for澳大利亚储备银行中央银行 - monetary policy制定货币

9、政策 - systemic stability维持金融系统的稳定 - payments system建立并维护支付系统 and is lender of last resort最后贷款人 Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) responsible for澳大利亚证券和投资委员会 - enforcement and regulation of company and financial services laws to protect consumers, investors and creditors 执行公司法及金融法

10、规以保护消费者、投资者和债权人的利益,8,4.3 Australia financial regulatory approach (continued)澳洲金融监管体系（续）,Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), responsible for: 澳大利亚竞争和消费者委员会： - promotion of fair trade in the market place to benefit consumers, business and the community 提倡市场公平交易以使消费者、商业界和社会群体受益 Banks

11、 are subject to and impacted under various laws and regulations to requirements of APRA, RBA, ASIC and ACCC 为达到监管机构的要求，银行受到APRA、RBA、ASIC和ACCC多种法律和规章的制约及影响,9,4.4 Australia - financial regulatory approach (continued)澳洲金融监管体系（续）,Regulatory structure aims to:监管体系的目的 - provide consistent regulation for s

12、imilar financial products统一监管性质相似的金融产品 - be responsive to technological changes and innovations in financial services 负责金融服务的技术更新和产品创新 - achieve competitive neutrality efficient markets, reduced costs to consumers 在市场竞争中保持中立地位 ，提升市场效率，为消费者节省开支 - provide effective regulation of conglomerates 有效的监管金融集

13、团 - be internationally competitive 加强国际竞争力,10,5. Major risk management challenges风险管理面临的主要挑战,complacency arising from strong economic environment 强劲的经济发展环境导致了自我满足心态的滋生 new technology and outsourcing 新科技的涌现和外包服务的兴起 competition, and for individual banks maintaining and growing market share 银行需要维持和扩大市场

14、份额 operational risks操作风险 governance and skills base治理和技术基础 - regulatory risk监管风险,11,Responses to risk challenges应对挑战的措施,Major responses 主要措施 integrated risk management under strong governance systems 将风险监管纳入有力的管理体系中 - constantly refine credit and modeling processes 不断改进信用和建模流程 - strengthen portfolio

15、 quality assurance 加强投资组合质量保证 stress testing under different scenarios 在不同场景下进行压力测试 sound procurement policies 良好的采购政策 business continuity strategies 业务持续发展战略 skilled board, management and staff 专业的董事会、管理层和员工 constructive public discussion to remove regulatory overlap 展开建设性的公众讨论以消除重复监管,12,7. Impleme

16、nting Basel II Australias experience 澳洲实施新巴塞尔协议的经验,Banks supervised under Basel I capital adequacy requirements and move to Basel II is seen as a logical and constructive advance 新巴塞尔协议肯定了旧巴塞尔协议对银行资本充足率的要求，认为这是符合逻辑的，并且是建设性的进步。 Basel II framework widely supported by banks and by regulatory authoritie

17、s 新巴塞尔协议框架得到了银行业和监管部门的广泛认同 To be implemented on 1 January 2008 将在2008 年月日实施,13,7.2 Implementing Basel II Australias experience (continued)澳洲实施新巴塞尔协议的经验（续）,Australian internationally active banks (7 banks) seeking advanced internal rating based status (AIRB) for credit risk and the advanced measureme

18、nt approach (AMA) for operational risk 澳洲国际活跃银行（ 家）采用高级内部评级法来衡量信用风险，采用进阶衡量法来计量操作风险 Regional banks (around 46) will seek standardised approach 区域性银行（约46家）将采用标准法,14,7.3 Implementing Basel II Australias experience (continued)澳洲实施新巴塞尔协议的经验（续）,Banks support Basel II银行支持新巴塞尔协议 - aligns supervisory arrange

19、ment with credit rating and processes in operation in most major banks for last 10 years or so 10多年来，一直在监管措施与银行的信用评级和操作流程间协调 Better aligns regulatory capital with banks assessment of economic capital 将监管资本与银行对经济资本的评估本更好的结合起来 Principles based approach rather than rules-based preferred 采用原则导向方法而非准则导向方

20、法,15,8. Challenges in Implementing Basel II实施新巴塞尔协议面临的挑战,Developing an integrated approach to risk management is complex in terms of managerial processes requiring a concerted effort to implement by boards and management 从管理流程角度来讲，开发一种统一协调的风险管理方法是非常复杂的这需要董事会和管理层的通力合作 For most if not all banks, it re

21、quires a constant upgrade of data, testing and modeling for managing credit, market and operational risk 对大多数银行来讲，这要求不断更新数据系统、进行信用风险、市场风险和操作风险管理测试以及针对三种风险管理设计模型,16,8.2 Challenges in implementing Basel II (continued)实施新巴塞尔协议面临的挑战（续）,Changes required to improve “culture” 要求“文化”的改进 Critical improvement

22、 needed in governance structures 要求治理结构关键性的改进 - in response to Basel II 对新巴塞尔协议作出反应 - changing corporate environment 改变企业环境 - Sarbanes Oxley 萨班斯奥克斯利法案,17,9. Benefits from strengthened risk management深化风险管理的益处,Confidence in banks deposit growth slowing - but banks offering diversified services to ind

23、ividual and corporate clients, facilitated by skilled risk management 提升银行信心虽然存款增长缓慢，但是专业化的风险管理有助于银行为个人或公司客户提供多元化的金融服务 And while highly competitive financial sector with new and monotype service providers, banks generally continue to grow strong returns to shareholders 尽管银行与新出现的服务商或单一服务提供商竞争激烈，总的来讲银

24、行仍在为股东赚取利润,18,9.2 Benefits from strengthened risk management (continued)深化风险管理的益处（续）,Pillar 3 - better assessment by markets of banks with high quality risk management systems 支柱银行市场运用高质量的风险管理系统进行更好的评估 - should lead to lower costs of capital for well rated banks 对于信用等级高的银行，其资金成本应该降低 Enhances capacit

25、y of banks to lend to riskier business at right risk premium 提高银行向高风险企业贷款的能力以适当的风险溢价 Expected modest reduction in overall regulatory capital charges perhaps approaching the floor of 90% under the Basel II framework 期望适当降低总的监管资本要求在新协议框架内可能接近下限的90%,19,9.3 Benefits from strengthened risk management (continued)深化风险管理的益处（续）,To regional banks standardised approach - de