Unit-8-A-Horse-and-Two-Goats.ppt

1、Unit 8,A Horse and Two Goats,Pre-reading Task,What do you think might cause misunderstanding in communication? What factors are considered important in successful communication?,Discuss the following questions.,Book 3-Unit 8,Cultural note: Hindu Gods,Factors in Successful Communication,Knowledge of

2、each others background information Willingness on both parties to negotiate a result from the conversation Being responsive to each other,Book 3-Unit 8,Brainstorming,1. Expressions for understanding/conveying messages: understand, know, learn, acquire (knowledge, information), have an idea of, take/

3、get the message, be well informed about something, get/put the message across, make oneself understood, sth. dawns on somebody, something occurs to someone 2. Expressions for failures of communication: be confused about., get sb. wrong, be ignorant about something, have misconceptions about ., be pu

4、zzling/puzzled, be mystifying/mystified,3. Expressions for emotional states: satisfied/dissatisfied, hospitable, hostile, enthusiastic, be embarrassed/embarrassing, depressed, low-spirited, moody, cheerful, delighted, overjoyed 4. Expressions for body language: nodding, winking, raise ones eye-brows

5、, stare at somebody, eye contact, avert ones eyes from somebody, pout ones lips, stick out ones tongue, make a face, wave, take . into ones arms, kiss someone on the cheek, his/her eyes speak for herself ., a cloud crosses his/her face ., be red in the face, blush, beam 5. Expressions for differenti

6、ating between various meanings: meaning(s), nuances of meaning, (fine) shades of meaning, tell the slight differences between ., capture the delicate meaning of ., actions speak louder than words,Hindu Gods: Lord Vishnu,Book 3-Unit 8,Hindu Gods: Lord Vishnu,毗湿奴 又称遍入天，印度教的另一位主神，被认为是宇宙的维护者，也是同恶魔作战的尖兵，

7、他“有四手，分握轮宝，法螺，弓箭，莲花和仙杖。骑着大鹏金翅鸟（伽楼罗），肚脐上生一莲花，上坐梵天。” 传说他有一千个称号，十个化身，分别为：鱼，龟，野猪，人狮，倭人，持斧罗摩，罗摩，黑天，佛陀，迦尔基。其中迦尔基为持宝剑，骑白马的救世主，肩付着与湿婆相同的任务即毁灭旧世界，建立新世界。 而著名的鳊史诗罗摩衍那则是以毗湿奴的化身罗摩为主面，也可以看成是一曲毗湿奴的颂歌。,An Overview of the 9 Principal Avatars of Vishnu,First incarnation of Vishnu: Matsya the Fish Second incarnation o

8、f Vishnu: Kurma the Turtle Third incarnation of Vishnu: Varaha the Boar Fourth incarnation of Vishnu: Narasingha the Lion Fifth incarnation of Vishnu: Vamana the Dwarf,Book 3-Unit 8,Sixth incarnation of Vishnu: Parasurama帕苏阿玛 Seventh incarnation of Vishnu: Ram罗摩 Eighth incarnation of Vishnu: Krishna

9、克里希納 Ninth incarnation of Vishnu: Buddha佛陀,Tenth Incarnation of Vishnu: Kalki凯恩 the horse still to come to the earth at the end of the Kaliyuga or the present age of decline.,Book 3-Unit 8,Text Summary Text Organization Question for Discussion Difficult Sentences Drama,Comprehension Work,Book 3-Unit

10、 8,Text Summary,Listen to the text and fill in the blanks to complete the summary of the text.,The story is about an _ between _ and _ in India, neither of whom _ _. As a result, the Americans intention of _ is misunderstood by the Indian as an offer to _.,encounter,an old Indian villager,an America

11、n tourist,understand the,others language,buying the statue of a horse,buy his two goats,Book 3-Unit 8,What are the five Ws in the story?,(1) Where? At the entrance of the small Indian village of Kiritan. (2) When? A summer afternoon. (3) Who? An old local man and an American tourist. (4) What? The t

12、ourist wanted to buy the horse-shape statue but ended up buying two goats from the old man. (5) Why? They failed to understand each other due to language barrier and lack of shared information.,Text Organization,First half of the story,Second half of the story,From the beginning to Then, he turned t

13、o go. (Para. 11),From The other seized his shoulder (Para. 12) to the end,The American tried to strike a conversation about the statue of the horse he admired, but the old man mistook him for a police officer investigating a recent murder in the neighbourhood.,Both parties tried to employ different

14、means of communication to work out the others intention. But the misunderstanding continued and got worse, finally leading to a hilarious ending when the American was left alone waiting with two thin goats.,Book 3-Unit 8,1. Where did the event take place?,1) A mountain village in India, at the villa

15、ge entrance 2) The local language: Tamil, not English as readers may assume,1) Dowsing, not doing much, or just watching two goats graze in the pasture 2) Slow life, boring, but a pastoral style 3) Not rich, poor village,Question for Discussion,2. What was the old man doing at the beginning of the s

16、tory?,Book 3-Unit 8,A police officer Dressed in Khaki卡其色 jacket, like a policeman in uniform A murder not long ago in his neighborhood,Explaining everything at length, uttering each syllable carefully, pausing from time to time 2) Smiling politely, trying to be friendly 3) Causing more misunderstand

17、ing than successful communication,4. How did the American try to make the old man understand him and what was the result?,3. What did the old man take the American tourist for at the beginning? And why did he think so?,Book 3-Unit 8,The horse: a sacred imagea future reincarnation as the tenth avatar

18、 2) Avatarthe Guardian, the Redeemer, to save the villagers, and punish the wicked or evils at the end of the world 3) The horse: hope of future bliss and eternal happiness for the villagers,5. What was special about the horse according to the old man?,Book 3-Unit 8,1) The American flourished the 10

19、0-rupee note, his eyes, his patting the goats on the backs, etc. 2) His long-time dream to exchange goats for money for his projects,For the old man: taking the goats away in that vehicle For the American: taking the horse statue away in that wagon,7. What did the old man mean by pointing at the wag

20、on and what did the American mean by saying Yes, of course?,6. What made the old man believe that the American wanted to buy his two goats?,Book 3-Unit 8,1) No common language (Language barrier) 2) Lack of shared information between them (The American tourist had no knowledge about the horse statue;

21、 he took it as a commodity; but the idea of selling the horse statue was last thing that the old man would think of.) 3) Body language is a useful means of communication in expressing emotions such as anger, happiness, satisfied, or complacency, but very limited in its informative power such as expr

22、essing the concept of murder, neighbourhood, avatar, a god citizen, punishing the evil, or getting help for you, etc.,8. Analyze the reasons for the failure of communication between the old man and the American tourist.,Book 3-Unit 8,Difficult Sentences,在印度一个叫基瑞坦的小村庄的村口, 屹立着一座魁伟的守护神。这座神像是一匹腾空跃起的骏马，它

23、高昂着头，前蹄凌空，尾巴挥舞成圈。,1. At the entrance of the small Indian village of Kiritan, there stood a massive guardian in the shape of a prancing horse, with his head held high proudly, his forelegs in the air and his tail looped up with a flourish.,having the shape of a horse springing up from its hind legs.,

24、The horses tail curled up spiritedly. A flourish is a decorative display intended to make people notice it.,The horse was worshipped by the villagers as a protector of the village. Massive indicates that the horse statue is not only large in size, but also heavy in weight. Here is one more example:

25、The new stadium is a massive building.,Book 3-Unit 8,接下来的谈话，双方越谈越让对方糊涂。印度人絮絮叨叨地谈论主神毗湿奴的各种化身，而美国人则为购买那尊雕像讨价还价。,They continued to talk at cross purposes. mystification: n. when someone or something confuses you by being impossible to understand:e.g. - And then, to the audiences mystification, the band

26、 suddenly stopped playing.,2. A conversation leading to mutual mystification followed, with the Indian chattering away about various avatars of God Vishnu and the American trying to drive a bargain for the purchase of the statue.,try to get a cheaper price for,Book 3-Unit 8,老人现在意识到他们的谈话中牵涉进了一些金钱因素。他

27、仔细地打量着那张纸币，这种东西他这辈子还从没见过。,3. The old man now realized that some financial element was entering their talk. He peered closely at the note, the like of which he had never seen in his life.,A fairly formal usage, meaning here “notes of this kind/ notes of such a large amount of money”. This sentence in

28、dicates the poverty of the old man in the story. The expression can have another form the likes of ,The old man now realized that they were talking about money.,Book 3-Unit 8,4. The red-faced man looked at the goats grazing peacefully and then sat down on the pedestal of the horse, as the westerly s

29、un touched off the ancient faded colors of the statue with a fresh splendor. 脸被晒红的美国游客看着正在静静吃着草的山羊，然后坐在了雕塑的基座上，显得有些古老褪色的雕塑在夕阳的勾勒下变得格外亮丽壮观。,Words & Expressions,with his tail looped up with a flourish with his tail curled up spiritedly with a flourish with one big, noticeable movement e.g. He took off

30、 his hat with a flourish. drowse fall into a light sleep Graze feed on grass at the sight of when sb. sees e.g. She fainted at the sight of blood. at the thought of when thinking of at the mention of when mentioning Presence being in a place e.g. The document was signed in the presence of two witnes

31、ses.,respectfully in a way to show respect e.g. Were so pleased to meet you at last, he said in a respectful tone of voice. Johnson is a highly respected doctor in Yorkshire. a respectable young woman from a good family She earns a respectable salary. They are each recognized specialists in their re

32、spective fields. react to respond to ingratiatingly (disapproving) behaving in a way to make others like you by pleasing and praising them e.g. Hes always trying to ingratiate himself with his boss. have a clean record have no criminal record at length for a long time e.g. George went on at great le

33、ngth about his various illnesses.,relate vt. narrate, tell come to life become alive, full of activity e.g. The match finally came to life in the second half. mutual mystification mutual confusion and misunderstanding chatter away talk rapidly incessantly and on trivial things peer look carefully or

34、 with difficulty e.g. she peered at the tag to read the price. I saw her peeping through the curtains. Close your eyes. Dont peek. Ive got a surprise for you. the like of sb./sth (sbs/sths like) n. similar things or persons e.g. He described a superlative meal, the like of which hed never eaten. He

35、was a great actor we will never see his like again.,flourish wave, exhibit dramatically e.g. She came in smiling, flourishing her exam results. It is sound policy to do it is a wise decision to do dawn on sb. sb. suddenly realizes sth. e.g. I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly dawned

36、 on me that I had left my cheque book at home. when it suddenly came to me that when it suddenly occurred to me that make sb. an offer for sth. offer to buy sth. on this very spot in this very place,Drama,Task 1 Work with your partner to act out the dialogue between the old man and the American tour

37、ist. Suppose both of them can speak English and then you will see how comical their conversation is, using the clues on page 121.,Book 3-Unit 8,Task 2 The American and the old Indian man talked at cross-purposes, i.e. they misunderstood and talked irrelevantly to each other. Suppose you were the son

38、 or daughter of the old man and understood English. Now, help your dad to complete the dialogue on page 122 so that the talk makes sense.,Book 3-Unit 8,A: How do you do? B: A: Do you smoke? Im from New York, have you heard of America? B: A: I am sure you must know when this horse was made. B: A: Ple

39、ase try to understand me. I arrived three weeks ago and have travelled five thousand miles since, seeing your wonderful country. B: A: Is this statue yours? Will you sell it to me? B: A: Will you take this hundred rupee note for this horse? B: A: If thats not enough, I guess I can go a little higher

40、.,A: American tourist B: the old Indian,Book 3-Unit 8,Language Work,Body Language In Other Words Work with Sentences A Joke,Book 3-Unit 8,Understanding & Misinterpretation,The old man and the American both depended a lot on body language for communication. However, they frequently misinterpreted eac

41、h other. Guess the intended message and the misinterpretation of the following sentences. (page 122),Body Language,Book 3-Unit 8,1. He cried, pacing slowly around the statue he wore a khaki-coloured shirt, speaking politely to the old man.,Correct understanding:,The Indians interpretation:,The Ameri

42、can tourist showed an interest in the statue and was overwhelmed by its beauty and craftsmanship.,The man in the khaki shirt behaved strangely, pacing around the statue, he seemed to be thinking hard about something. He must be a police officer, coming to investigate a recent murder in the neighbour

43、hood.,Book 3-Unit 8,The red-faced man glanced at the goats, took out a cigarette, and asked ,Intended message:,The American happened to look in the direction of the goats. He was going to offer a cigarette to old man to start a friendly conversation.,The policeman understood that those two goats wer

44、e my property, not stolen animals. Look, hes going to smoke. It seems hes not in a hurry to leave and hes going to question me about the murder.,Book 3-Unit 8,The Indians interpretation:,3. “Im sure you must know when this horse was made,” said the American tourist, and smiled ingratiatingly.,The Am

45、erican tourist was trying to be nice and friendly to the old man because he wanted to get more information out of him.,The policeman probably had no more doubts about me concerning the murder.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,The Indians interpretation:,4. He drew from his wallet a hundred rupee note

46、.,The American tourist was making the Indian an offer for the statue.,The police man wanted to change a large note.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,The Indians interpretation:,5. He peered closely at the note With a grin, he told the man to go ,The Americans interpretation:,The old man thought it fu

47、nny that people should expect a poor man like him to be able to change a large note.,The old man thought one hundred rupees was not enough. He was trying to get a better bargain.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,6. The old man said, with his eyes travelling to his goats.,He might looked at his goats

48、by chance, or he might do it when he remembered just then how much the village headman disliked him and his animals.,The old man seemed to love his pets. Perhaps it would be good policy to show an interest in the old mans goats.,Intended message:,The Americans interpretation:,Book 3-Unit 8,7. He wen

49、t up to them casually and stroked their backs.,The Indians interpretation:,He wanted to show the old man that he also loved his goats.,The foreigner showed an interest in my goats. Oh, yes. He wanted to buy them.,Intended message:,Book 3-Unit 8,8. The old man pointed at the station wagon .,The India

50、n wanted to know if the American was going to ship the goats home in that vehicle.,The old man was asking if I was going to ship the statue home in the vehicle.,Intended message:,The Americans interpretation:,Book 3-Unit 8,9. So saying, he brought his palms together in salute, turned round, and was

51、soon out of sight.,The old man was grateful for this foreigner who helped him to make his dream come true. He went away quickly because he was afraid the goats might follow him. If that happened, he would not get the money he needed.,The old man was grateful for the money and had gone to get some he

52、lp to move the heavy statue into my vehicle.,Intended message:,The Americans interpretation:,Book 3-Unit 8,In Other Words,Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks. (page 123: B),The old castle was surrounded by _ walls. Im sorry to _ you, but could you tell me how this machine works

53、? The girl wept and _ until her mother agreed to do as she wished. Cows are _ to many Indian people. The retired editor needed a lot of _ to start up a new newspaper. The millionaire _ to his grandchildren the story of his success. The middle-aged employee always spoke to his boss in an _ manner and

54、 was looked down on by his colleagues. One should be _ when talking about other peoples religious beliefs.,plead,respectful,capital,disturb,massive,relate,pleaded,related,sacred,ingratiating,Click the word,Book 3-Unit 8,Work with Sentences,Rewrite the following sentences using the expressions below

55、(page 124: C),get out of sightreact torefer todawn on pace (v.) at the thought of make one an offer for sound policy to do .,The father suddenly realized that his son was lying to him. The foreigner offered to buy the old jar and the old woman found herself unable to refuse. The boy responded to his

56、 teachers criticism by turning his back on the teacher. The prisoner felt very regretful when he thought of his past.,It suddenly dawned on the father that his son was lying to him.,The foreigner made the old woman an offer for the old jar, and she found herself unable to refuse.,The boy reacted to

57、his teachers criticism by turning his back on the teacher.,The prisoner felt very regretful at the thought of his past.,Book 3-Unit 8,He stood at the street corner, following his mother with his eyes until he could no longer see her. I dont know which companies she was talking about when she spoke o

58、f some competing firms. Mother walked back and forth in the corridor while her daughter was having an operation inside the operation theatre (手术室). I think that it is a wise decision to ban smoking in all public places.,I dont know which companies she was referring to when she spoke of some competin

59、g firms.,I think that it is sound policy to ban smoking in all public places.,Mother paced up and down the corridor while her daughter was having an operation inside the operation theatre.,He stood at the street corner, following his mother with his eyes until she got out of sight.,Book 3-Unit 8,A Jo