transference-转义--(英语文体学要略)解析.ppt

1、4.2 Transference,In literature, transference of meaning（转义） is the process whereby literary absurdity leads the mind to comprehension on a figurative plane. It refers to such traditional figures of speech as synecdoche, metonymy and metaphor.,4.2.1 Synecdoche (提喻),Synecdoche is a type of transferenc

2、e of meaning which involves the substitution of a part for the whole. In synecdoche, a part is used to represent the whole, the whole for a part, or the material for the thing from it.,synecdoche,a.部分和整体互代； b.以个体代替整个类； c.以材料代替事物。 They are short of hands at the moment. workers, labourers or helpers T

3、hey share the sameroof. house He is the Newtonof this century. scientist,Return to her?. No, rather I abjure all roofs and choose To be a comrade with the wolf and owl. (Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew) Here, roofs refer to whole houses or buildings. Wolf refers not to one particular wolf but t

4、o all the wolves and all beasts of prey and in the same way, owl refers to all the owls and all the birds of prey.,Return to her?. No, rather I abjure all roofs and choose To be a comrade with the wolf and owl. 回她那儿去?. 不，我宁愿抛弃所有屋子，而选择 与狼和猫头鹰为伍,4.2.2 Metonymy ( 转喻、换喻),Metonymy is a type of transferen

5、ce which involves the substitution of a word referring to an attribute of the thing that is meant, rather than the substitution of a part for the whole, or the whole for a part. It means a change of name. One word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.,metonymy, I

6、am reading Shakespeare. Shakespeares works The kettle boils. The water in the kettle He is fond of the bottle. Wine Grey hairs should be respected. Old people 迎面走来了三个“红领巾”。 少先队员,The glories of our blood and state, Are shadows, not substantial things; There is no armour against fate; Death lays his i

7、cy hand on kings; Sceptre and Crown Must tumble down And in the dust be equal made With the poor crooked Scythe and Spade. （ Shirley, DEATH THE LEVELLER ）,DEATH THE LEVELLER 死亡使人人平等,The glories of our blood and state 我们的血统和权势带来的荣华， Are shadows，not substantial things； 不是什么实体，而只是幻影； There is no armour

8、 againstfate； 从来没有能抵挡住命运的盔甲； Death lays his icy hand on Kings： 当死神冰冷的手放在国王们头顶 Sceptre and Crown 权杖与王冠 Musttumbledown， 终究要倒翻， And in the dust be equal made 它们将同卑微的长曲镰和铁锨， With the poor crooked scythe and spade. 不分高低，同样在尘土中长眠。 Some men with swords may reap the field,有些人或许能用利剑刈割田中作物， And plant fresh la

9、urels where they kill： 在杀戳众生之地种植新的月桂； But theirstrong nerves at last must yield：可是他们坚强的神经最后也要屈服； Theytame but one another still： 他们绝不可能把死亡征服击退；,Early orlate 他们或早或迟 They stoop to fate， 也得向命运屈膝， Andmust give uptheir murmuring breath 纵然抱怨人生苦短，最终也得吞声咽气， When they，pale captives，creep to death. 象一群苍白无力的俘虏

10、，爬进死亡之域。 Thegarlands wither on your brow； 重重的花环在你的额头凋残， Then boast no more your mightydeeds； 再不要夸耀你的什么丰功伟业！ Upon Deaths purple altar now 请看，在死神紫黑色的祭坛 See where the victor-victim bleeds： 胜利者受害者此刻都在流血 Your heads must come 你们高贵的头颅 To the cold tomb； 也要钻入冰冷的坟墓； Only the actions of the just 唯有正直的人们的正义行为，

11、Smell sweet，and blossom in their dust 在尘埃中蓓蕾盛开，永葆芳菲。,Synecdoche VS Metonymy,They have often been confused with each other, as both of them involve substitution, only metonymy involves substitution of the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it, whereas synecdoche involves th

12、e substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. Synecdoche 是一种同类（similarity）的概念，而Metonymy 是一种接近（contiguity）的概念。,转喻(Metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切 关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事 物，这样的一种修辞手段。其重点不是在“相似”；而是 在“联想”。 提喻(Synecdoche)是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物 的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修 辞手段 。 转喻主要借助于密切的

13、关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分 相似。,There are many eyes here. He has an eye for beauty. There are ears in the corners of the wall. I had his ears.,4.2.3 Metaphor (暗喻、隐喻),Metaphor is associated with a particular rule of transference which may be called the “metaphoric rule”. That is, the figurative meaning is deriv

14、ed from the literal meaning or it is, as it were, the literal meaning. A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. 暗喻把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动，更深刻 地说明事物，增强语言表现力。,All the world is a stage. And all the men and women merely pla

15、yers. 世间是舞台，男女皆演员。 A high cold star on a winters night is the word he feels that she says to him. 他感到她对他说的话就像高悬在寒冬夜里的 一颗寒星。,Tenor VS Vehicle,Tenor (本体) is for the literal meaning while vehicle (喻体) is for the figurative meaning. A high cold star on a winters night is the word he feels that she says

16、to him. Ground : the likeness perceived between tenor and vehicle,Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more; it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act V Life here is said to be a walking shadow, a poor player and a tale told by an idiot.,人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上指手划脚的拙劣 的伶人，登场片刻，就在无声无息中悄然退下；它是一个愚 人所讲的故事，充满着喧哗和骚动，却找不到一点意义。 人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上高谈阔步的可怜 演员，无声无息的悄然退下；这只是一个傻子说的故事，说 的慷慨激昂, 却毫无意义。 人生无非就是个来去匆匆的影子，无论在台上怎么颐指气使， 到头来都只不过是个落魄的戏子，被人遗忘