2026年山东省部编版高中英语必修第一册单元测试题

2026年山东省部编版高中英语必修第一册单元测试题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit1,"globalwarming"primarilyreferstothephenomenoncausedbytheincreasedconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,whichleadstotheriseofaverageglobaltemperatures.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthecorecauseofglobalwarming?A.Theexcessiveuseoffossilfuelsinindustrialproduction.B.Thenaturalfluctuationofsolaractivity.C.Therapiddeforestationintropicalrainforests.D.Thereleaseofvolcanicashintotheatmosphere.（解析：选项A正确，因为单元1文章明确指出温室气体（如二氧化碳）的排放是导致全球变暖的主要元凶，而化石燃料的燃烧是温室气体最主要的来源。选项B是干扰项，虽然太阳活动会影响气候，但非主要原因。选项C是加剧全球变暖的因素之一，但并非核心。选项D的短期影响存在，但长期来看不如温室气体排放显著。）2.InthereadingpassageofUnit1,theauthorusestheexampleofpolarbearslosingtheirhabitatsduetomeltingicetoillustratewhichconcept?A.Theinterconnectednessofecosystems.B.Theeconomicimpactofclimatechange.C.Theroleofgovernmentpoliciesinenvironmentalprotection.D.Thepsychologicaleffectsonwildlife.（解析：选项A正确，文章通过北极熊的例子强调气候变化如何破坏生态平衡，体现生态系统的脆弱性。选项B错误，文章未涉及经济层面。选项C和D与文章主旨无关。）3.ThegrammarsectioninUnit1focusesontheuseofthepresentperfecttense.Whichsentencecorrectlydemonstratesitsusageinthecontextofenvironmentalissues?A."Peoplehavebeencuttingdowntreesforcenturies."B."TheEarthhasneverbeenwarmer."C."Wewillprotecttheplanetfrompollution."D."Shehaseatentoomuchjunkfood."（解析：选项B正确，因为文章强调地球温度的持续变化，用现在完成时表示从过去到现在的持续性影响。选项A和D的语境不符，选项C使用一般将来时。）4.InthespeakingactivityofUnit1,studentsareaskedtodebatewhetherrenewableenergyshouldreplacefossilfuels.Whichargumentwouldbemostrelevanttothetopic?A."Fossilfuelsarecheaperthansolarpanels."B."Renewableenergycanreduceairpollution."C."Governmentsshouldimposehighertaxesoncars."D."Peoplearenotreadytoadoptnewtechnologies."（解析：选项B正确，因为文章强调环保主题，减少空气污染是可再生能源的核心优势。其他选项偏离辩论焦点。）5.ThewritingtaskinUnit1requiresstudentstowritealettertoalocalnewspaperaboutplasticpollution.Whichopeningsentencewouldbemostappropriate?A."Deareditor,Iloveeatingpizza."B."Helloeveryone,plasticiseverywhere."C."Totheeditor,Iamconcernedabouttheincreasingplasticwasteinourcity."D."Dearfriends,Ithinkrecyclingisfun."（解析：选项C正确，符合书信格式且直接点明主题。其他选项过于随意或与主题无关。）6.ThevocabularysectioninUnit1introducestheword"sustainable."Whichsentencebestexplainsitsmeaninginthecontextofenvironmentalprotection?A."Sustainablemeansusingresourcesforever."B."Sustainableisatypeoffruit."C."Sustainabledevelopmentmeetscurrentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerations."D."Sustainableistheoppositeofrecycling."（解析：选项C正确，文章定义可持续性为兼顾当代与未来的资源利用方式。选项A错误，可持续性强调平衡而非无限使用。）7.Intheunit'sculturalcorner,thepassagecomparesthetraditionalChinesepracticeofusingchopstickswithWesterntableware.Whatisthemainpurposeofthiscomparison?A.TocriticizeWesternoverconsumption.B.Tohighlighttheenvironmentalbenefitsofreusableutensils.C.Topromotetheuseofplasticforks.D.Todiscussthehistoryofdiningcustoms.（解析：选项B正确，文章通过对比强调传统餐具的环保性，呼应单元主题。）8.Theunit'sgrammarfocusincludesthesecondconditional.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesittodescribeahypotheticalenvironmentalscenario?A."Ifthegovernmentbanssingle-useplastics,peoplewillbeunhappy."B."IfIwereascientist,Iwouldinventacleanerfuel."C."Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."D."Iftheyhadplantedmoretrees,thecitywouldbegreenernow."（解析：选项D正确，文章用虚拟语气探讨过去未发生的环保措施及其后果。选项A和C使用一般条件句，选项B与环保主题无关。）9.Theunit'slisteningtaskincludesaconversationbetweentwostudentsdiscussingtheirschool'seco-friendlyinitiatives.Whichdetailwouldbemostrelevanttothetopic?A."Thecafeteriaservesonlyvegetarianmeals."B."Theschoolhasinstalledsolarpanelsontheroof."C."Thestudentsaresellinghandmadecraftsatthefair."D."Theteachersareplanningafieldtriptothemountains."（解析：选项B正确，太阳能板是典型的环保措施，与单元主题一致。）10.Theunit'sreadingpassagementionstheGreatBarrierReefasanexampleofmarinebiodiversity.Whichquestionwouldbestassessstudents'understandingofthetext?A."WhatisthecapitalofAustralia?"B."Howdoescoralbleachingaffectthereef?"C."WhoisthepresidentoftheUnitedStates?"D."Whatcoloristheocean?"（解析：选项B正确，文章探讨珊瑚礁生态问题，此题考查细节理解。其他选项与主题无关。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassageinUnit1statesthat"_________isthebiggestsourceofcarbondioxideemissionsinmanycountries."（参考答案：fossilfuels）（解析：文章明确指出化石燃料是主要排放源，填空考察词汇记忆。）2.Toreduceplasticpollution,peoplecanswitchto___________bagsinsteadofdisposableones.（参考答案：reusable）（解析：单元活动强调替代品，填空需结合环保知识。）3.Theunit'sgrammarlessonexplainsthatthepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthat___________fromthepastuntilthepresent.（参考答案：continue/havehappened）（解析：文章举例说明持续性或过去影响，填空考察语法概念。）4.Inthespeakingexercise,studentsareaskedtoarguethat___________energyismoresustainablethancoal.（参考答案：wind/solar）（解析：辩论主题涉及可再生能源，填空需结合单元内容。）5.Thewritingpromptrequiresstudentstosuggestwaysto___________wasteintheircommunities.（参考答案：reduce/recycle）（解析：书信写作需提出环保措施，填空考察动词搭配。）6.Theunitintroducestheterm"___________,"whichmeansprotectingtheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.（参考答案：intergenerationalequity）（解析：文化角讨论可持续发展理念，填空需理解专业词汇。）7.Thesecondconditionalsentenceinthegrammarsectionshowsthatifpeople___________moretrees,theairwouldbecleaner.（参考答案：plant）（解析：虚拟语气考察动词原形，填空需结合语境。）8.Thelisteningpassagementionsthattheschool'seco-initiativeincludes___________water-savingdevicesinclassrooms.（参考答案：installing/using）（解析：听力材料涉及具体环保行动，填空需捕捉细节。）9.ThereadingtextabouttheGreatBarrierReefexplainsthat___________cancausethecoraltoturnwhiteanddie.（参考答案：warmingwaters/pollution）（解析：文章描述生态威胁，填空需理解因果关系。）10.Thevocabularysectiondefines"___________"astheabilitytobeusedagainwithoutlosingquality.（参考答案：durability/sustainability）（解析：环保词汇考察，填空需区分近义词。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassageinUnit1claimsthatglobalwarmingisprimarilycausedbynaturalfactorslikevolcaniceruptions.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章强调人为排放，而非自然因素。）2.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribecompletedactionsthathappenedinthepast.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章区分一般过去时，此为常见语法误区。）3.Inthespeakingactivity,studentsareencouragedtouseonlypersonalopinionswithoutcitingfacts.（参考答案：False）（解析：辩论要求论据支持，而非主观臆断。）4.Thewritingtaskasksstudentstowriteapoemaboutenvironmentalprotection.（参考答案：False）（解析：题目要求书信形式，非文学创作。）5.Theunit'sgrammarfocusincludesthefuturecontinuoustense,suchas"TheEarthwillbewarmerin50years."（参考答案：False）（解析：文章未涉及该时态，重点为现在完成时。）6.Thevocabularyword"sustainable"meansusingresourcesasquicklyaspossible.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章定义强调平衡而非过度消耗。）7.ThelisteningpassagediscussesthehistoryofchopsticksinChina,whichisunrelatedtoenvironmentalissues.（参考答案：True）（解析：文化角对比餐具环保性，但背景为历史。）8.Thesecondconditionalsentence"IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldplantaforest"iscorrectfortheunit'stopic.（参考答案：False）（解析：虚拟语气需基于环保场景，此句过于个人化。）9.ThereadingpassageabouttheGreatBarrierReefmentionsthathumanscannothelpthecoralrecovery.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章可能探讨保护措施，而非完全悲观。）10.Theunit'sapplicationtaskasksstudentstodesignanewtypeofplastic.（参考答案：False）（解析：题目要求提出环保建议，非发明创造。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttenseinthecontextofenvironmentalissues.（参考答案：Presentperfecttenseemphasizesactionscontinuingfromthepasttothepresent,e.g.,"Peoplehavebeenpollutingfordecades."Simplepasttensedescribescompletedactions,e.g.,"Theycutdowntheforestlastyear."Theformerhighlightsongoingproblems,whilethelatterfocusesonpastevents.)2.WhyistheGreatBarrierReefconsideredavulnerableecosystemintheunit'sreadingpassage?（参考答案：Thepassageexplainsthatthereefissensitivetotemperaturechanges,acidification,andpollution.Itsdelicatecoralstructurescanbeeasilydamagedbywarmingwaters,makingithighlyvulnerabletoclimatechange.)3.WhatisthepurposeofthedebateactivityinUnit1?（参考答案：Thedebateencouragesstudentstoresearchandarguebothsidesofenvironmentalpolicies,suchasrenewableenergyadoption.Itimprovescriticalthinkingandexposesthemtomultipleperspectivesonsustainability.)4.Howdoestheunit'svocabularysectionhelpstudentsunderstandenvironmentalproblems?（参考答案：Theunitintroducestermslike"carbonfootprint,""biodegradable,"and"sustainable"toclarifycomplexconcepts.Thisaidscomprehensionwhenanalyzingarticlesordiscussingeco-friendlypractices.)5.Describeareal-worldexampleofasustainabledevelopmentprojectmentionedintheunit.（参考答案：ThepassagemaycitecaseslikeCopenhagen'sgreenenergygoalsorChina'sbambooconstruction,whichreduceswasteandcarbonemissionswhilemeetinghumanneeds.)6.Whyisthesecondconditionalusedinthecontextofenvironmentalhypotheticals?（参考答案：Itallowsstudentstoimaginecounterfactualscenarios,e.g.,"Ifgovernmentshadactedearlier,thedamagewouldbelesssevere."Thisfostersreflectiononmissedopportunitiesinenvironmentalprotection.)7.Howdoesthecomparisonofchopsticksandforksintheculturalcornerrelatetoenvironmentalism?（参考答案：Thepassagemayarguethatreusablechopsticksreducewastecomparedtodisposableutensils,highlightingtheimportanceofmaterialchoicesindailylifeforsustainability.)8.Whatshouldstudentsincludeintheirlettersaboutplasticpollution?（参考答案：Studentsshouldproposesolutionslikebansonsingle-useplastics,promoterecycling,andcitestatisticsonplasticwaste.Thelettershouldbalanceproblemanalysiswithactionablesuggestions.)五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:AschoolinShandongplanstoreduceitscarbonfootprint.Writeashortparagraph(50words)suggestingthreeeco-friendlymeasures.（参考答案：Theschoolcouldinstallsolarpanelstosaveenergy,startapaperlesspolicytoreducewaste,andorganizetree-plantingdaystoabsorbCO2.Theseactionswouldloweremissionswhileeducatingstudents.)2.Scenario:Theunit'slisteningpassageincludesaconversationaboutcoastalerosion.Explainhowthisrelatestoglobalwarming(60words).（参考答案：Risingsealevelsduetowarmingcauseerosion.Thepassagemaydescribehowcommunitiesloselandandhabitats.Thisconnectstotheunit'stheme,showingclimatechange'sdirectimpactoncoastalecosystems.)3.Task:Rewritethesentence"Plasticbagsareharmfultomarinelife"usingthepresentperfecttense(20words).（参考答案：Plasticbagshavebeenharmingmarinelifeforyears.Thisemphasizestheongoingthreat.)4.Problem:Theunitmentionsthat90%ofplasticwasteendsupinlandfills.Suggesttwosolutions(40words).（参考答案：Recyclingprogramscanrepurposeplastic,whilebiodegradablealternativesreducelandfillwaste.Policyincentivescouldfurtherencouragethesepractices.)5.DebatePrep:Preparea30-wordargumentforbanningsingle-useplastics.（参考答案：Banningsingle-useplasticswoulddrasticallycutpollution.Reusableoptionsexist,andthecostofcleanupishigh.Thispolicyprotectsecosystemsandfuturegenerations.)6.GrammarApplication:Convertthesentence"Ifwehadplantedmoretrees,theairwouldbecleanernow"tosimplepast(20words).（参考答案：Weplantedmoretrees,buttheairwasnotcleanerthen.Thisshowsthecontrastbetweenhypotheticalactionsandactualoutcomes.)7.VocabularyUsage:Completethesentence:"Theuni