5种简单句及句子种类

1、一 Five Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种类型,十大词类(Parts of Speech) 英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。,需要弄清楚的几个概念： 1、及物动词(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book. 2、不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。 eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory. 3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不

2、完整，不 能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词 等)连用,构成谓语。如：be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science.,句子成分(Elements of the Sentence) 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。,Five Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种句型,Five Types of Simple Se

3、ntences:,1. 主语 + 不及物动词,2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语,3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语,4. 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,5. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补,Subject + Intransitive Verb,Subject + Transitive Verb + Object,Subject + Link Verb + Predictive,Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object,Subject + Verb + Object + Complement,划分句子成分:,My sis

4、ter is a nurse. They are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She passed him the salt. We keep the table clean.,_ S,_ V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,7. They work hard. 8. The flower is dead. 9. Plants need water. 10. He gives me some se

5、eds. 11. We should keep the plants in the shade. 12. Many animals live in trees.,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,_ S,_ V,They work hard. The flower is dead. Plants need water. He gives me some seeds. We should keep the plants in the shade. Many animals live in trees

6、.,S + V,S + V + P,S + V + O,S + V + IO + DO,S + V + O+ C,S + V,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,二 并列句(compound sentence):,I turned on the TV. I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列

7、连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and,bothand, not only but also, neithernor,but, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。 1.He was tired. He went to bed.,He was tired, so he went to bed.,He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but He didnt keep

8、 it.,Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guests.,复合句:主句+从句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。 从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,三 复合句,By the time he arrived, 1 we had already left. 2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：,指出下

9、列各从句的类型：,She was reading the newspaper when I came in. I hope that everything is all right. She is the girl who sings best of all.,状语从句,宾语从句,定语从句,Ill give the letter to him when I see him. He didnt come yesterday because he was ill. It is such a big box that nobody can move it. Well go to the great