The English Renaissance.ppt

1、The English Renaissance(late 15th century early 17th century),Made by 张晓妹,This is a greatest and most advanced revolution in the human history. This is the age the giants are needed and produced. F. Engels恩格斯,The Renaissance,. Historical Background,. Renaissance,. Humanism,.Literature,The breaking u

2、p of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundations of capitalism; The enclosure; the war of the Roses; the strengthening of the absolute monarchy; the rise of the bourgeoisie; the defeat of the Spanish Armada. New social and economic conditions brought about great changes in the developme

3、nt of science and art. So with the strengthening of new bourgeois national state, this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the Renaissance.,Historical Background,The word “Renaissance” means “rebirth”( of learning). The Renaissance Period was marked by a reawakening of int

4、erest in learning, in the individual and in the world of nature. The Revival of learning led scholars back to the culture of Greece and Rome. The Rebirth of interest in the individual gave rise to a new appreciation of beauty, to a desire for self-expression in varied activities and to the creation

5、of great works of art. The renewal of curiosity about the natural world ultimately drew men to discover new lands and new scientific truths.,What is Renaissance?,Division of English Renaissance,English Renaissance is usually divided into three periods: 1) The first period called the beginning of the

6、 Renaissance started in 1516 and came to an end in 1578. 2) The second period known as the flowering time of the Renaissance was from 1578 to 1625. 3) The third period between 1625 and 1660 is the epilogue of the Renaissance. In the second period, Queen Elizabeth ruled the country. For this reason i

7、t is also called Elizabethan Period. William Shakespeare, the greatest playwright of England, lived in the Elizabethan Period. So in the history of English literature, this period is often referred to as the Age of William Shakespeare.,Humanism was an attitude rather than a philosophy, non-dogmatic(

8、非教义). According to humanists, man should mould(塑造) the world according to his own desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks by the exercise of the human intellect. Humanism was one of the most important factors giving rise to the Renaissance. humanism became the keynote(主调） of En

9、glish Renaissance.,What is humanism?,The English Renaissance Literature,From the first half of the 16th century, the English Renaissance began to develop into a flowering of literature. Many forms of writing appear: translation of classical literature, works on history, books describing discoveries

10、and adventures. Poetry is an important sphere in expressing the voice and the energy of the age. (Sonnet 十四行诗and blank verse 无韵诗are used.) Most important is the drama, that is, the highest glory of English Renaissance of the 16th century.,托马斯莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）,埃德蒙斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser， 1552-159

11、9）,弗兰西斯培根（Francis Bacon， 1561-1626）,克里斯托弗马洛（Christopher Marlowe,1564-1593）,威廉莎士比亚（William Shakespeare， 1564-1616）,The representative writers,Thomas More,The first of the English humanists was Sir Thomas Moore (1478-1535).,Utopia, More s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More

12、 and a returned voyager, Hythloday The name “Utopia” comes from 2 Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. It has been since used to designate the ideal state.,Thomas More s Utopia,Edmund Spenser,The “Poets Poet” Life: Cambridge Sidneys friend Ire

13、land Westminster Abbey Works: The Shepherds Calendar The Faerie Queene 仙后 Amoretti mreti 爱情小唱,The Faerie Queene,The plan of the whole poem is this: the faerie queene holds a feast of 12 days, and on each day a stranger in distress appears, claiming help against a dragon or giant of tyrant. A knight

14、is assigned to each guest, and the 12 books were to describe the 12 adventures. Further, each knight represents a virtue, as Holiness, Temperance, Chastity, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy; and his warfare represents the strife against a contrary vice, as Pride or Despair. The dominating thoughts o

15、f the poem are nationalism, humanism and Puritanism,Francis Bacon (1561-1626),Lawyer Judge Statesman Philosopher Master of English “The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind”,Bacons Importance to Literature,1st, he was the first English writer to pay attention to the audience to whom he was writing.

16、 2nd, he wrote the greatest tracts on education in the English language, Advancement of Learning. 论学术的进展 3rd, he and Newton represent the advancement of science during the 17th century. In fact, Bacon devised the inductive method of doing research. 4th, he introduced the essay as a literary form int

17、o the English language.,读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。,Reading makes a full man； conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little， he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if h

18、e read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.,Christopher Marlowe,Marlowe was the most gifted of the university wits. Marlowes best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine(1587), The Jew of Malta (1592) and Doctor Faustus (1588).,back,William Shakespeare (1564-1616

19、),Life Literature career,Life,1) He was born on April 26, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. 2) He once went to the local grammar school at seven. 3) At 14, he left school and became a teacher. 4) In 1582, he was married to Anne Hathaway. 5) He went to London and began writing in 1586 or 1587. 6) He later

20、 became part owner of the theatre Globe. 7) He returned to the native town in 1611. 8) He died on April 23, 1616 and was buried in Stratford Church.,回,Shakespeares birthplace,back,The theatre Globe,back,Literary Career,Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 narrative poems. Shakespeares literary career can be roughly divided into 4 periods: 1. Period of early experimentation (15901594) 2. Period of rapid growth and development (15951600) 3. Period of gloom and depression (