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1、0,转向系统介绍 Steering system introduction,1,目录 Catalog 1、转向系统构成 Steering system 2、转向系统工作原理 Steering system Principle 3、转向器 Steering Gear 4、转向液压原理 Steering hydraulic principle 5、转向泵 Pump 6、转向油壶 Oil reservoir,2,转向系统构成 Steering system,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,9 10 11,1、方向盘 Hand-Wheel 2、转向管柱带传动轴总成 steering column an
2、d shaft assy 3、循环球式动力转向器 recirculation roller power gear 4、转向垂臂 pitman arm 5、转向直拉杆 drag link 6、转向节臂 knuckle arm 7、横拉杆臂 tie rod arm 8、转向横拉杆 tie rod 9、转向管路 steering hose system 10、转向油壶 reservoir 11、转向泵 pump,3,转向系统工作原理 Steering system Principle,1、转向系统的用途是在驾驶员的操纵下控制汽车行驶的方向; The purpose of the steering s
3、ystem is guiding the car where the driver wants it to go. 2、这些零部件前后移动或者转动,可以使汽车改变运动方向; They enable the car to change the direction by means og turning and moving forth and back. 3、转向器的作用是把方向盘的旋转运动变为连杆机构的直线运动; The steering gear is a device for converting the rotary motion of the steering wheel into s
4、traight-line motion (of linkage). 4、实现这种功能要通过调节转向横拉杆或转向直拉杆的长度,这样才能使前轮有适应的定位; All toothed roller have some meams of adjusting the lengths og the tie rods or links so that proper alignment can be established between the front wheels. 5、动力转向是独立的系统,所有的液压力都施加在转向垂臂上; One type is self-contained , with all
5、hydraulic pressure applied to the pitman arm shaft. 6、在转阀的控制下,压力油被输送到油缸的两侧; The pressurized oil is admitted to either side of the power cylinder as cntrolled by a valving setup. 7、油压由高压油泵提供,通过发动机驱动油泵。 Oil pressure is provided by a high oil pump that , generally , is driven by the engine.,4,转向器 Steer
6、ing Gear,5,转向液压原理 Steering hydraulic principle,A 壳体 housing B 活塞 Piston C 转阀/输入轴 Rotary valve/ Input axis D 阀套/蜗杆 Valve slide/ Worm E 扭力杆 Torsion bar F 输出轴 Sector shaft G 卸荷阀 Pressure relief valve H 补偿阀 Replenishing valve Q 油壶 Oil reservoir R 转向泵 Pump S 限流阀 Flow limiting valve,直线行驶 Linear driving 在发
7、动机的驱动下转向泵向转向机提供所需的压力油。因此,助力油在转向泵的作用下被从油壶吸出经过转向机后再流回油壶。 The pump is driven by the engine to provide the required pressure oil to the steering gear. Therefore, the oil in the steering pump under the action of being sucked out from the oil reservoir after steering and returned to the oil reservoir .,6,
8、转向液压原理 Steering hydraulic principle,J 进油槽 radial groove K 进油槽 radial groove L 回油槽 return oil control grooves M 回油槽 return oil control grooves N 轴向槽 axial grooves O 轴向槽 axial grooves P 回油槽 return oil control grooves,右转方向 Right direction 当方向盘向右转动时,活塞将向右侧移动,在左侧动力腔内将建立起一个转向所需的压力。 When the steering wheel
9、 is turned to the right, the piston will move to the right, and the pressure will be set up in the left power chamber. 转阀顺时针方向偏转,进油槽(K)的开度变大,允许油液进入。同时,进油槽(J)关闭,以防油液进入到轴向槽(O)。 The turning valve is in a clockwise direction, and the opening of the radial groove (K) is large, allowing the oil to enter.
10、At the same time, the radial groove (J) is closed to prevent oil from entering into the axial grooves (O). 此时油液将通过进油槽(K)进入阀套上的轴向槽(N),然后刘静滚珠丝杆进入左侧的动力腔。进油槽(J)关闭,以防油液流回油壶,在左侧动力腔内建立起压力。 At this point the oil will pass through the radial groove (K) into the valve sleeve on the axial grooves (N), and then
11、 Liu Jing ball screw into the left side of the power chamber. An radial groove (J) closed, to prevent the oil into the pot, set up the pressure in the left power cavity. 右侧动力腔中的油液将被排出,通过打开的回油槽(M)流入转阀上的回油槽(P),然后通过转阀及蜗杆上的油孔流回到油壶。 Right power cavity in the oil will be discharged, through the open back
12、to return oil control grooves (M) inflow valve on the back of return oil control grooves (P), then transferred through the oil hole in the valve and the worm flows back into the oil reservoir .,7,转向液压原理 Steering hydraulic principle,J 进油槽 radial groove K 进油槽 radial groove L 回油槽 return oil control gro
13、oves M 回油槽 return oil control grooves N 轴向槽 axial grooves O 轴向槽 axial grooves P 回油槽 return oil control grooves,左转方向 Left direction 当方向盘向左运动时,活塞将向左移动,在右侧动力腔内将建立起压力。 When the steering wheel moves to the left, the piston will move to the left, and the pressure will be established in the right chamber.
14、此时转阀逆时针方向转动,油液通过打开的进油槽(J)进入到轴向槽(O),然后达到右侧的动力腔。 At this point the rotation of the valve counter clockwise, the oil through the oil into the radial groove (J) into the axial grooves (O), and then to the right side of the power chamber. 左侧动力腔排出的油液经过滚珠丝杠以及打开的回油槽(L)流回到转阀的回油槽(P),然后通过转阀及蜗杆上的中心孔流回到油壶。 Left
15、side power discharge cavity of oil through the ball screw and open back to the return oil control grooves (L) to flow back to the rotary valve return oil control grooves (P), and then through the turn back to the oiler center hole of the valve and the oil reservoir .,8,转向限位阀工作原理 Steering limit valve
16、 workng,T 限位阀右侧阀芯 Limit valve on the right side of the spool U 限位阀左侧阀芯 Limit valve on the left side of the spool V 右侧动力腔 Right side power chamber W 左侧动力腔 Left side power chamber X 右侧调节螺钉 Right adjusting screw Y 左侧调节螺钉 Left adjusting screw,液压转向限位装置,是防止转向机以最大压力转至锁止位置,从而保护转向泵、转向杆系以及防止系统油温过高。 Hydraulic
17、steering limiting device, prevent a steering machine to the maximum pressure transferred to the locking position, thereby protecting the steering pump, steering linkage and to prevent the oil temperature of the system is too high. 双作用转向限位阀有两个承受弹簧载荷的阀芯(T和U),它们纵向布置在活塞内。阀芯突出活塞左右两侧的端面。 Double acting ste
18、ering limit valve has two valve core (T and U), which is arranged in the piston. Valve core to highlight the side of the end of the piston. 当活塞移动到右侧或者左侧锁止点时,阀芯(T和U)被安装在壳体和缸筒盖上的调节螺钉(X和Y)促动,原处于关闭状态的阀芯被打开。 When the piston moves to the right or left side of the lock point, the valve core (T and U) is in
19、stalled in the shell and cylinder cover on the adjustment screw (Y and X) to promote, the original in the closed state of the valve is opened. 以活塞向右移动为例,在活塞到达终点位置前,右阀芯将定到调节螺栓(X)上,阀芯(U)打开,油液从动力腔(W)流入动力腔(V),然后进入回油路。 To the piston to move to the right, for example, in the piston to the end position, th
20、e right valve will be set to adjust the bolt (X), the valve core (U) to open, the oil from the power chamber (W) into the power chamber (V), and then enter the back circuit.,9,转向泵 Pump,10,转向油壶 Oil reservoir,11,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,12,目录 Catalog 1、提示 Prompt 2、转向系统的保养 M
21、aintenance of steering system 3、转向系统的检查 Inspection of steering system 4、更换转向液及排气 Change steering fluid and exhaust 5、拆卸和装配转向机 Removing and assembling steering gear 6、专用工具 Special tool 7、故障排查 Trouble shooting 8、故障诊断表 Fault diagnosis table,13,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,1、提示 P
22、rompt 在试车和对整个转向系统(转向管柱、转向机、转向杆、转向泵、液压管路)目视检查后,我们建议进行如下工作: In the test and the whole steering system (steering column, steering wheel, steering rod, steering pump, hydraulic pipe), we recommend the following work: 在“保养作业”范围内(本章第二节所述),通过试车和目视检查对转向系统进行检查。 In the maintenance operation range (section sec
23、ond), the steering system is checked by test and visual inspection. 在“检查作业”范围内(本章第三节所述),关于转向安全的特性都需要进行检查。 In the inspection work range (the third section of this chapter), the characteristics of the steering security need to be examined.,14,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,2、转向系统
24、的保养 Maintenance of steering system 我们建议在车辆例行保养时对转向系统做如下检查。 We recommend the following inspection of the steering system when the vehicle is maintained. 2.1 试车 Try driving 在试车是注意以下几项性能: In the try driving is to pay attention to the following performance: 转向回正性 Steering return performance 转向是否卡滞 Wheth
25、er the steering is stuck or not 转向是否沉重 Steering is heavy or not 转向自由间隙 Steering free clearance 2.2 检查转向系统有误外泄漏或外部损坏 Check the steering system for leakage or external damage. 检查转向机,防护罩,转向泵,油管,接头,油壶,仔细检查有无泄漏或者损坏。 Check the steering machine, protective cover, steering pump, house, fittings, oil reservo
26、ir , carefully check for leaks or damage.,15,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,注意:Warning: 当用高压清洗器清洗车辆时,需防止高压水流直接喷射到转向系统密封件上,水及杂质的进入可能会引起故障。 When the vehicle high pressure washer, the need to prevent the high pressure water spray directly onto the steering system on the seal, wate
27、r and impurities into may cause malfunction. 2.3 检查油壶液位 Check the oil level 油品等级要求:ATF- Oil level requirements: ATF- 取出油尺前需彻底清洁油壶及周边,以防污物进入油液。 Remove the dipstick before the need to thoroughly clean the oil reservoir and the surrounding, to prevent dirt into the oil. 小心:Be careful 过低的液位将会导致转向系统助力失效。
28、 Too low level of liquid level will lead to the failure of the steering system. 发动机停车时检车液面:液面必须达到油尺上的标记处。 The engine when parking car level: level must reach the mark on the oil dipstick. 发动机运转时检查液面:液面位置必须在油尺标记之间。 The engine running check level: level must be in the dipstick tag. 发动机停止后液面会上升1至2厘米,如果
29、上升超过2厘米,系统需排气。 After the engine stopped the liquid level will rise 2 to 1 cm, if the rise is more than 2 cm, the system needs to exhaust.,16,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,3、转向系统的检查 Inspection of steering system 小心: Be careful 检查周期取决于车辆的用途,由于交通安全法规的要求,我们建议按下表的周期进行定期检查。 Inspecti
30、on cycle depends on the vehicles use, due to the requirements of the traffic safety regulations, we suggest that the periodic inspection of the periodic inspection of the table.,17,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,3.2 试车 Try driving 在试车时注意以下几项性能: Pay attention to the following pe
31、rformance during the test: 转向回正性 Steering return performance 转向是否卡滞 Whether the steering is stuck or not 转向是否沉重 Steering is heavy or not 转向自由间隙 Steering free clearance 3.3 目视检查 Visual inspection 检查并紧固整个转向系统(转向管柱、转向机、转向拉杆、液压回路)的固定螺栓。 Check and tighten the fastening bolt of the steering system (steeri
32、ng column, steering gear, steering rod, hydraulic loop). 检查开口销是否完好。 Check pin is intact or not.,18,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,通过向两侧转动方向盘或施加一定的载荷检查转向垂臂和输出轴的花键连接是否配合完好。 The connection of the shaft and the output shaft of the shaft is matched well by the rotation of the steeri
33、ng wheel or a certain load(or not). 检查车桥限位装置、转向拉杆及连杆是否损坏或裂纹。 Check the bridge limiting device, steering rod and connecting rod is broken or crack (or not). 在发动机运转的情况下检查整个转向系统的密封性能,确定无泄漏。 Check the sealing performance of the steering system in the case of the engine running. 3.4 更换滤芯 Replace filter e
34、lement 小心: Be careful 打开油壶盖时需彻底清洁油壶及周围,防止污物进入油液。 Open the oil reservoir cover to thoroughly clean the oil reservoir and the surrounding, prevent dirt into the oil. 将过滤器从油壶拿出。 Remove the filter from the oil reservoir . 如果油壶内部较脏,先清洗油壶。If the oil reservoir internal is dirty, wash oil reservoir . 插入新的过滤
35、器。 Insert a new filter.,19,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,3.5 转向间隙 Steering free clearance 启动发动机。 Start engine. 转动转向机至直行位置。 Turning the steering gear to the straight line position. 缓慢转动方向盘,同时查看转向轮,注意观察方向盘转动量多大时转向轮开始移动。 Slowly turn the steering wheel, while viewing the steering
36、wheel, observe the direction of rotation of the wheel when the steering wheel to start moving. 允许的方向盘间隙15。 Allow the steering wheel gap is smaller than 15 DEG. 3.6 液压转向限位装置 Hydraulic steering limit device 进入转向锁止区域后,限位装置限制压力继续上升,从而保护转向泵和转向杆系,防止系统温度上升。(参考第五节描述) After entering the lock stop area, the l
37、imiting device limit the pressure to continue to rise, thereby protecting the steering pump and steering rod system to prevent the system temperature rise. (refer to section fifth),20,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,3.7 转向轻便性检查 Steering portability check 如果转向助力系统出现故障,转向力将增大。 If
38、steering power system failure, steering force will increase. 启动发动机。 Start engine. 在车辆静止状态下快速转动方向盘从一个终点到另外一个终点两次,留意转向是否沉重。 In the vehicle at a standstill, the steering wheel is turned from one end to the other end two times. 3.8 查找转向沉重故障点 Find a shift to a heavy failure point 传动部件(转向管柱、万向节等)的失效也会造成转向
39、沉重。 The failure of the transmission parts (steering column, universal joint, etc.) will also cause a heavy steering. 支起转向桥。 The steering axle rises. 关闭发动机,转动方向盘以寻找造成转向沉重的故障点。 Turn off the engine and turn the steering wheel to find the point of failure.,21,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and in
40、spection,3.9 检查自动回正性能 车桥的几何机构保证车辆行驶过程中的转向自动回正。 The geometry structure, guarantee the driving axle steering in the process of automatic return. 选择一个安全场地试车。 Choose a safe place to test. 在试车时将方向盘转至终点。 The steering wheel will be transferred to the destination in the test run. 松开方向盘,查看车辆的自动回正性能。 Release
41、the steering wheel to see the automatic return performance of the vehicle. 3.10 检查方向盘 Check steering wheel 检查方向盘安装是否牢固。 Check the steering wheel installation is firm or not. 检查方向盘是否有损伤。 Check whether the steering wheel is damaged or not.,22,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,4、更换转向
42、液及排气 Change steering fluid and exhaust 4.1 更换转向液 Change steering fluid 注意: Be Careful 只有在转向系统维修或保养的时候才需换油。 Only the oil only when the steering system repair or maintenance. 放出的转向液不能再使用。 Release of the steering fluid can not be used again. 4.1.2 转向系统放油 Discharge steering fluid 支起转向桥,将进油管及回油管从转向机上拆卸,短
43、时间运转发动机(不超过10秒),将油壶中的转向液排尽,将派出的油收集到容器中,然后将油管恢复。 To support the steering axle, the oil intake pipe and return pipe from the steering machine disassembly, short time running engine (no more than 10 seconds), the oiler in the steering liquid drained, will send the oil collected into the container, and
44、recovering the tubing.,23,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,4.1.3 转向机放油 Discharge steering gear fluid 拧开部件(20,21,55,57,128,,129)安装位置最低的一个,然后转动转向机,直至无转向液排出。 Unscrew the components (20,21,55,57128., 129) installation position of the lowest one, and then rotate the steering gear, unt
45、il without turning to liquid discharge.,24,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,4.2 加注转向液 Filling turn liquid 小心:Be Careful 在加油时,污物可能混入,为避免由于杂质引起故障,在首次加油和以后补充都要保持清洁。 When refueling, dirt may be mixed in order to avoid due to impurities caused by failure, in the first refueling and la
46、ter to keep clean. 确认油品:ATF- nfirmation of oil: ATF- III 汽车位于平台路面,发动机熄火。 The car is on the platform, and the engine is off. 加油到接近油壶顶部。Filling to the top of oil reservoir . 启动发动机,怠速运转,使转向系统充油。(这时油位将迅速下降) Start the engine, idle running, so that the steering system is filled with oil. (this level will
47、decrease) 为避免吸入空气,需不断向油壶内补充油液,保证油位在油壶顶部,直至液面不下降为止。 In order to avoid inhalation of air, need to continue to oil reservoir add oil, assurance level at the top of the oil reservoir , until the level does not drop so far. 让发动机运转2-3分钟,分别向左右方向缓慢转动方向盘,同时向油壶中补充油液,直至液面不再下降。,25,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system main
48、tenance and inspection,Let the engine run for 2-3 minutes, respectively to the left and right direction of slow rotation steering wheel, at the same time to oil in the oil reservoir add oil, until the level no longer drops. 发动机熄火。用油尺检查油位,必要时补充油液。 Engine stall. With the oil dipstick check the oil lev
49、el, oil supply when necessary. 4.3 液压限位装置设定 Hydraulic limiting device setting 仅在更换转向机时。 Only in the replacement of the steering machine. 转向机安装到车辆上后进行: The steering gear is installed on the vehicle: 转向拉杆必须已经安装并设定完成;车桥上的转向限位螺栓必须按设计转角调 整到位。 Steering rod must be installed and set; steering limit bolts m
50、ust be designed according to the axle angle adjustment the whole place. 步骤:以不超过3圈秒的速度向左右方向转动方向盘,直至到达桥的机械限 位。此时转向机的限位设定即完成。 Step: the direction of the steering wheel is rotated at a speed of not more than 3 laps per second until the mechanical limit of the axle is reached. At this point, the limit se
51、t of the steering machine is complete.,26,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,5、拆卸和装配转向机 Removing and assembling steering gear 5.1 拆卸转向机 Removing steering gear 5.1.1 彻底清洁转向机及周边区域,尤其是接头处。 Thoroughly clean the steering machine and the surrounding area, especially the joint. 按照第四节所述放油。
52、According to the fourth section of the oil. 拆下进出油管。Remove out of line. 封闭所有油管,防止杂质进入。Close all the hoses and prevent impurities from entering. 5.1.2 检查输出轴和转向垂臂上的标记是否对齐。 Check mark on the output shaft and the steering arm. 拆卸转向直拉杆与转向垂臂连接处。 Removing steering rod and steering arm. 5.1.3 拆卸转向中间轴和转向机输入轴处
53、万向节。 Remove the steering shaft and the steering gear input shaft universal joint.,27,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,5.1.4 拆卸转向机支架和车架连接处螺栓。 Removing steering engine bracket and frame connecting bolt.,5.1.5拆卸转向机支架与转向垂臂。 Removing steering gear and steering arm.,28,转向系统保养和检查 Steeri
54、ng system maintenance and inspection,5.2 装配转向机 Assembling steering gear 5.2.1确保转向机输入轴处于中间位置,分装转向垂臂及转向机支架至转向机。 Ensure that the steering gear input shaft in the middle position, loading and steering arm steering gear bracket to the steering gear. 注意输出轴与转向垂臂的刻度线需对齐。 Note that the output shaft and the s
55、teering arm of the calibration line need to align. 5.2.2 将转向机、转向垂臂、转向机支架装配到车架上。螺纹锁止时需涂抹螺纹紧固胶。 The steering wheel, the steering wheel, the steering engine bracket are assembled on the frame. The thread lock is required to apply the thread fastening glue.,56828Nm,28823Nm,29,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system m
56、aintenance and inspection,5.2.3 连接转向中间中与转向机输入轴,确保刻度线对齐。 Connect the input shaft to the steering gear in the middle of the connection, ensure the calibration line is aligned. 5.2.4 连接转向直拉杆与转向垂臂。 Connecting rod and steering arm.,455Nm,35035Nm,30,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,5.2
57、.4 松开转向机油口处堵盖,装配液压管路。 Loosen the cap at the oil inlet and assemble the hydraulic line. 密封铜垫片需更换新件。 Seal copper gasket to be replaced. 5.2.5 参照第四节进行加注、排气及限位调整。 Refer to section fourth for filling, exhaust and limiting adjustment.,6580Nm,6580Nm,90110Nm,90110Nm,31,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance
58、and inspection,6、专用工具 Special tool,32,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,33,转向系统保养和检查 Steering system maintenance and inspection,7、故障排查 Trouble shooting 7.1检查转向管柱上输入轴轴承的间隙 Check the clearance of the input shaft bearing on the steering column. 前后左右晃动方向盘,检查间隙存。如果有间隙存在,修理或更换转向管柱。 Fron
59、t and rear left and right sides of the steering wheel, check the gap. If there is a gap, repair or replace the steering column. 7.2检查万向连接轴节、中间轴是否有间隙存在,或者卡滞。 Check whether there is a universal connection shaft, gap, or stagnation. 如果确认有间隙存在,或者卡滞,更换失效部件。 If there is a gap in the presence of the gap, or the card lag, replace the failure parts. 7.3泄露检查 Leakage check 启动发动机。 Start engine. 检查整个转向系统液压回路是否漏油。 eck the entire steering system hydraulic circuit is oil leakage. 检查所有油管、防护罩是否有龟
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