虚拟语气定义.ppt

1、虚拟语气定义,虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气常表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。,1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用 2. 宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气 3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气 4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 5. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气 6. it is (high) time that .句型 7. 在含有i

2、f it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句 8用于if only引导的感叹句 9 lest, for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句,知识点归纳,1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) if 从句 主句 过去 had done would (should, could, might)+have done 现在 did/were would (should, could, might)+动原 将来 did, were to, should+v., 同上,If I had time, I would attend your pa

3、rty. If we had driven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired. If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.,2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如: Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed

4、 the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her. Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.,3) 错综时间条件句 在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如: If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在-过去)If they had star

5、ted in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去-将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去-现在),有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I w

6、ould have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now. Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. She would leave her husband except for children.,4）含蓄虚拟条件句,2. 宾语/主语从句中的

7、虚拟语气1).wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him. 与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+

8、do I wish he would forgive me.,2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形 The doctor suggested that he should try to lose weight. 3) expect, believe, think, suspect等否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气常用should+动词原形，表示怀疑，惊奇或不满。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young sol

9、dier.,3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气 1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were) It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl. 2) 从句所设想的时间动作先于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had+过去分词. 如:I feel as if we had known each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself,4. (should )+动词原

10、形在某些从句中的应用1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:The man insi

11、sted that he had never stolen the money,2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主语从句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:My suggestion is that we should

12、 hold a meeting this evening,5. would rather, had better, would prefer后的句子的虚拟语气1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it today.You had better not go dancing tonight. 2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择. 如:I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.,3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望;

13、用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourself.I would rather she had not done that.,6 It is (high, about, low) time that,一般过去时,should + 动词原形,此处的should一般不省略,注意:,It is the first time that从句 现在完成时 It was the first time that从句 过去完成时,It is time for us to have dinner. It is (about/high) time

14、 that we had dinner.,It is the first that he have gone there. It was the first time that he had gone there.,7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would die. If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of t

15、ime,if only,过去完成时,一般过去时,对过去虚拟,对现在虚拟,could + 完成时,8 if only 从句 if only 若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好,If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in time.,would /could/might +动词原

16、形,对将来虚拟,9 用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,为防止起见)和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。,1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain. 3. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold. 4. Heres some money in case you should

17、 need it.,lest /for fear that/ in case,+ 句子(should +动词原形),二 学法建议 在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时 首先要牢记它的三种形式,它将为学习此类句子奠定基础, 在此基础上, 才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等。 综观历年的测试题,wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气, if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意。,在学习as if引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时, 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式。 对if only的学习也是不容忽视的一个要点. 它表示/要是.就

18、好了”, 谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望, 用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望. 如:If only she had known where to find you!If only I could speak several foreign languages!,1.Kitty talks as if she _on the spot.A. is B. were C. has been D. be 2. I didnt go to the concert .But I do wish I _there A. was B. had been C. were D. went 3. It i

19、s requested that every student _a plan for the next semester A. makes B. make C. will make D. would make 4.The librarian recommended that the professor _ the newly published books. A. borrow B. borrowed C. should have borrowed D. borrowing,模拟题：,B,B,B,A,5.Even if she _ there .Margaret could not have

20、done anything either. A. were B. was being C. be D. had been 6. I dont think it advisable that Darcy _ the job as a secretary since he has no experience. A. be assigned B. will be assigned C. is assigned D. has been assigned 7. What do you think of his proposal that we _ put on a play at the English

21、 Evening? A. will B. should C. has D. have,D,A,B,8.They talked as if they _ friends for years. A. had been B. were C. have been D. would be 9. Eliza must have missed the train , otherwise she _ then . A. should arrive here B. has arrived here C. would have arrived here D. arrived here 10. But for fr

22、iction , human beings _neither walk ,nor even stand up. A. can B. were able to C. will be able to D. could,A,C,A,11. It is important that the brakes on your bicycle _ properly. A. working B. works C. work D. worked 12. It has been decided that the meeting _ until next Saturday. A. is postponed B. po

23、stpone C. will be postponed D. be postponed 13. His government insisted that James Bond _ until he finished his degree . A. would stay B. stay C. stayed D. shall stay,C,D,B,14. I suggested Mike _ himself to the new conditions. A. adapted B. adapt C. would adapt D. might adapt 15. I wish that you _ s

24、uch a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert . A. didnt have B. hadnt C. hadnt had D. hadnt have 16. _ , Smith would have signed his name at the corner . A. If he painted that picture B. If he paints that picture C. If he had painted that picture D. If he would have pai

25、nted that picture,B,D,C,17. You _ yesterday if you were really serious about the job. A. ought to come B. ought to have come C. ought to be coming D. ought have come 18. The old worker urged that we _ cheaper materials instead . A. use B. used C. would use D. will use 19. Without electricity , the w

26、hole world _. A. would not have developed B. had not developed so rapidly C. does not develop so rapidly D. has not been developed so rapidly,B,A,C,20. When John took the pen back to Mary , she said coldly:” You _ it sooner ,for I _ it .” A.should have returned might need B.should return might have

27、needed C.should have returned might have needed D.must have returned must have needed 21. _ for their assistance , we couldnt have got over such big difficulties . A. It were not B. Were it C. Were it not D. Are it,A,C,22. It is about time that the government _ strong actions against embezzlement(盗用

28、、侵占) and official profiteering（牟取暴利）. A. is taking B. takes C. took D. will take 23. Suppose you _ Mike now ,what would you say to him ? A. meet B. met C. have met D. should meet 24. Had I known her name, I _ . A. would invite her to lunch B. would have invited her to lunch C. invited her to lunch D

29、. could invite her to lunch,C,B,B,25. Jason made the request that the problem as to who would be sent abroad _ at the meeting. A. is discussed B. be discussed C. discuss D. would be discussed 26. Mr. Johnson prefers that _ with him personally . A. Mary speaks B. Mary will speak C. Mary speak D. Mary

30、 would speak 27. The chairman of the committee advised that their regular meeting for this month _. A. be postponed B. would be postponed C. should postpone D. was postponed,B,C,A,28. They demand that the right to vote _ to every adult man and woman . A. should give B. would be given C. be given D.

31、ought to give 29. It was essential that all the necessary data _ to the Presidents office before the end of this month . A. sent B. should be sent C. should send D. must be sent. 30. It is highly desirable that a new president for this college. A Should appoint B appoint C be appointed D appointed,C

32、,B,C,31. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he . A never had felt tired B had never felt tired C never felt tired D was tired never 32. It was arranged that they the following week. A leave B have left C left D should have left 33.He insisted that we the matter at the meeting. A Shall take up B take up C

33、 may take up D have to take up,B,A,B,34. Even if he here, he could not solve the problem at once, either. A Was being B were C had been D was 35. Without water, there no plants. A Would have B would be C were to be D were 36. If I were you, I at him the other day. A Had not laughed B would not laugh

34、 C would not have laughed D did not laugh,B,B,C,37. He the letter but he busy recently. A Would answer, is B would have answered, were C Would have answered, has been D would have answered, had been 38. This platform would collapse if all of you on it. A Stand B stood C would stand D had stood 39. “

35、Have you finished studying?” “No, but I wish I .” A would B had C should D have,C,B,B,40.” Sorry, I am late.” “ Its high time that you .” A show B showed C show up D showed up 41. If only you with greater care. A Work B are working C had worked D will work 42. If any person guilty, we shall have the

36、 right of appeal. A Were found B was found C should be found D has been found,D,C,C,43. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it wrong on the day. A go B goes C went D had gone 44. George would certainly have attended the meeting . A if he didnt get a flat tire B if the flat tire hadnt ha

37、ppened C had he not had a flat tire D had the tire not flattened itself 45 we should be glad. A They arrive tomorrow B Were they arriving tomorrow C They were to arrive tomorrow D Were they to arrive tomorrow,C,A,D,真题演练：,1 “You missed a golden opportunity.” “Yes, I that job when it was offered.” A m

38、ust have taken B should have taken C might take D ought to take (2009) 2 Look at the terrible situation I am in now! If only I your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed (2009),B,B,3 Tom has been most helpful to us; in fact I dont know what we without him. A have done B will have done C had done D would have done(2009) 4 It is suggested that smoking in public