初中英语语法复习课件句子成分.ppt

1、句子的成分,Members of the Sentence,预习,1）I am a student. 2）They are friends. 3）We went to the movies yesterday. 4）She is watching TV. 5）He is going camping next week. 6）-Where is Li Lei? -He has gone to Japan.,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、 谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,主语The Subject,主语是

2、谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。,Gina is from Australia. Lucy is an American girl. She often goes to the movies. We study in No.1 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. Three plus five equals eight. To teach them English is my job. It is my job to teach them Engl

3、ish. 不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型 Gina, Lucy, She, We, The classroom, Three plus five, To teach them English,名 词Noun（n.）,我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。 如： Tom, China, boy, door, pencil, peace,代词Pronoun（pron.）,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。 如：we, that, h

4、is, what 1人称代词 物主代词 指示代词,谓 语The Predicate,说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 谓语一般在主语后面。,We are both quiet. He has a toothache. His parents are teachers. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished the job. He can speak English. are quiet; has a toothache; are teache

5、rs; looks well; study; have finished; can speak,表 语The Predicative,说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。 一般在系动词后面。,Her mother is a bank clerk. Are you ready? Our country is getting stronger. You look younger than before. They are at home now. My book is on the desk. Everybody is her

6、e. a bank clerk; ready; getting stronger; younger; at home; on the desk; here,宾 语The Object,表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。 一般在谓语之后。,All of us like him. Hes playing soccer. Can I ask some questions? She is playing the piano now. He often helps me. Lucy likes to sleep in the open ai

7、r. We enjoy living in China. him; soccer; some questions; the piano; me; to sleep; living in China,定语The Attribute,用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。 因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。,I have something to do. Whats your name, please? Shes a good basketball player. The g

8、irl behind the tree is my sister. The little boy gave me a big apple. The black bike is mine. They made paper flower. to do; your; good; behind the tree; little, big; black; paper,状语The Adverbial,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。,People are all working hard. Beij

9、ing is not very cold in winter. He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. Suddenly it began to rain. He sat there smoking. all, hard; very, in winter; carefully; Without his help; Suddenly; there smoking,补 语,英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用

10、来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。,I found it very difficult to find work. Yesterday he got his leg broken. The boss kept them working all day. I saw a stranger enter the building. If you let me go, I will make you the king. Leave the door open. very difficult; broken; working; enter the buildi

11、ng; the king; open,句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分,Last week I went to the supermarket. Last week I went to the supermarket. 状 主 谓 状 The play was very interesting. The play was very interesting. 主 系状表 I cant hear a word. I cant hear a word. 主谓 宾 They were talking loudly. They were talking loudly. 主 谓 状,It

12、was Sunday. It was Sunday. 主 系 表 I never get up early on Sundays. I never get up early on Sundays. 主状谓状状 I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily. I looked at the young man and the 主谓 宾 young woman angrily. 宾 状,I read a few lines, but I didnt understand a word. I read a few lines, but I

13、 didnt 主 谓 定 宾 连 主谓 understand a word. 谓 宾 My holidays passed quickly, but I didnt send cards to my friends. My holidays passed quickly, but I 主谓状 连主 didnt send cards to my friends. 谓 宾 状,I got up early and bought thirty cards. I got up early and bought thirty cards. 主谓 状 连 谓 定 宾 He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He is working for a big firm and he has 主 谓 状 连主谓 already visited a great number of different 状谓 定 定 places in Australia.