计算机专业英语chapter1.ppt

1、1,Chapter 1 Information Technology, The Internet, and You,2,Competencies,Competence 能力，胜任；足以过舒适生活的收入 Distinguish between and 区分 Identify 确定，识别 直接+名词 Describe 描述 直接+名词,3,Competencies能力，要求 After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the five parts of an information system: people,

2、 procedures, software, hardware, and data. 信息系统的五大组成部分：人，用户文档，软件，硬件和数据 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 区分两大类软件：系统软件和应用软件 3. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs. 讨论系统软件程序的三种类型 4. Distinguish between basic and specialized application software. 认清通用应用软件和

3、特殊用途的应用软件,4,5. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of microcomputers. 识别计算机的四种类型和四种微机类型 。 6. Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. 描述计算机硬件的不同种类包括：系统单元，输入，输出，存储和通信设备。 7. Define data and descr

4、ibe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. 定义数据的概念，介绍文档文件，电子表单文件，数据库和演示文件类型 。 8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, smartphone, and cloud computing. 解释了计算机连接、无线革命、因特网、智能手机和云计算。,5,Keyword P22,application software basic application Cloud computing com

5、munication device compact disc (CD) computer competency Connectivity Data database file desktop computer device driver digital versatile disc（DVD） digital video disc（DVD）,应用软件 基本应用软件 云计算 通信设备 光盘 计算机能力 连通性 数据 数据库文件 台式计算机 磁盘驱动程序 数字多用途光盘 数字多用途光盘,6,document file end user flash memory card handheld compu

6、ter hard disk Hardware High-definition (hi def ) disc Information information system information technology,文档文件 终端用户 闪存卡 手持计算机 硬盘 硬件 高清盘 信息 信息系统 信息技术,7,输入设备 因特网 键盘 手提电脑 大型机 内存 微型机 微处理器 中型机 小型计算机 调制解调器 监视器,input device Internet Keyboard laptop computer mainframe computer Memory Microcomputer Micropr

7、ocessor midrange computer Minicomputer Modem Monitor,8,Mouse netbook Network notebook computer operating system optical disk output device palm computer People personal digital assistant（PDA） presentation file primary storage Printer Procedures Program,鼠标 上网本 网络 笔记本电脑 操作系统 光盘 输出设备 掌上电脑 人 个人数字助理 演示文稿

8、 主存 打印机 规程 程序,9,随机存储器 辅存 平板电脑 智能手机 软件 固态硬盘 固态存储 专门应用软件 巨型机 系统软件 系统单元 平板电脑 传统平板电脑 盘 实用程序 网 无线革命 工作表,Random-access memory (RAM) secondary storage Slate computer smartphone software solid-state drive (SSD) solid-state storage specialized application supercomputer system software system unit tablet PC t

9、raditional tablet PC USB drive Utility Web wireless revolution worksheet file,10,Introduction, Computer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skillsindispensable tools for today (P4). 当今，计算机能力是指获得计算机相关的不可或缺的技能的一种工具。 They filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests, and paid comp

10、uterized bills (P4). 他们填写电脑化的表格,做计算机化的测试,和支付电脑化的账单。,11,Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life. Writers write, artists draw, engineers and scientists calculateall on microcomputers. Students and businesspeople do all this, and more. New forms of learning have developed. People who are h

11、omebound, who work odd hours, or who travel frequently may take online courses. A college course need not fit within a quarter or a semester. New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available. People use electronic mail, electronic commerce, and the Inter

12、net to meet and to share ideas and products.,12,Yet this is what microcomputers are all aboutmaking people, end users like you, more productive (P5).（多产的，fruitful） 这就是微型计算机，它使人们更加多产，效率更高。 A program consists of （由构成，组成，composed of）the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its wor

13、k (P6). 程序就是告诉计算机如何工作的一步步指令。 a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information) (P6). 一个工资单程序就是指示计算机采取你在一个星期工作的小时数(数据)乘以你的工资率(数据)这样的方法来确定你一周的工资 (信息

14、)。,13,data: unprocessed facts， raw Information: processed facts, Almost all of todays computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity, typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information s

15、ystems (P6). 几乎现在所有的计算机系统都给信息系统增加了一个额外的部分。这部分，称为计算机互联, 典型地使用因特网并且允许用户大大扩展了信息系统的性能和用处。,14,Many times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the Internet. Other times, the contact is not as obvious (P6). 很多时候接触是直接和明显的,比

16、如当我们使用文字处理程序创建文档或当我们连接到互联网的时候。其他时候，接触就不那么明显了。,15, Throughout this book you will find a variety of features designed to help you become computer competent and knowledgeable (P6). 通过这本书，你会发现各种各样专题,旨在帮助你更好地掌握计算机和成为知识渊博的计算机高手。（意译）,designed to 目的是，旨在 Competent 胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的 Knowledgeable 知识渊博的，有知识的；有见

17、识的；聪明的, Each of the following chapters highlights a specific career in information technology. This feature provides job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges, and advancement opportunities (P8). 下面的每一章节突出在信息技术里一个特定的职业。这个专题提供了工作描述，预计就业需求，教育要求，目前的

18、薪资范围和发展机遇。,16,Throughout the text you will find numerous text references to the Computing Essentials Web site at . This site is carefully integrated with the textbook. At the site, youll find animations, career information, tips, test review materials, and much more (P8). 在整个课文，你会发现许多文本是参考Computing

19、Essentials网站的:。 这个网站仔细地整合了教材。在这个网站，你会发现动画、职业信息、小窍门、和测试复习材料，以及更多。,17,Software, as we mentioned(提到的), is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions(指令) that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases, the words software and programs are interchangeable(可以

20、互换的). There are two major kinds of software: system software and application software. You can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses (P9). 软件，正如我们所提到的，它的另外一个名字叫程序。程序是告诉计算机如何按照你的想法处理数据的一系列指令集。在大多数情况下，软件和程序是可以互换。主要有两个不同种类的软件：系统软件和应用程序

21、软件。你可以认为软件是你使用的那类，系统软件就是给电脑使用的那类。,18,Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications (P9). 操作系统是整合计算机资源的一个程序，提供一个用户和计算机之间的界面,并运行应用程序。 Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.

22、For example, the Windows utility called Disk Defragmenter locates and eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations (P9). 实用程序执行与管理计算机资源相关的特定任务。例如,Windows实用程序称为磁盘碎片整理程序，查找和消除不必要的文件碎片并且重新排列文件和未使用的磁盘空间来优化计算机操作。,19,Basic applications ar

23、e widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered computer competent. One of these basic applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. The three most widely used browsers are Mozillas Firefox, Microsofts

24、 Internet Explorer and Googles Chrome. For a summary of the basic applications, see Figure 1-7 (P9). 基本的应用程序被广泛应用于几乎所有的职业领域。您必须知道各种程序被认为是掌握了计算机。其中一个基本的应用程序是浏览器。它用来浏览,探索,并且找到在互联网上的信息。(参见图1-6)。三个最广泛使用的浏览器是Mozilla的火狐浏览器，微软的Internet Explorer和Google浏览器 。基本应用程序的概述,见图1 - 7。,20,Computers are electronic devi

25、ces that can follow instructions to accept input, process that input, and produce information. This book focuses principally on microcomputers. However, it is almost certain that you will come in contact, at least indirectly, with other types of computers (P10). 计算机是可以按照指令接受输入、处理输入并产生的信息的一种电子设备。这本书主

26、要集中讲微型计算机。然而，几乎可以肯定，你会接触到其他类型的电脑，至少是间接地 。,Although not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage. For example, insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders (P11). 虽然没有超级计算机那么强大，大型计算机具

27、有很强大的处理速度和数据存储。例如，保险公司使用大型机处理数以百万计的投保人的信息。,21,Notebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable, lightweight, and fit into most briefcases (P11). 笔记本电脑，也称为膝上型轻便电脑，是便携式的、轻量级的、适合装入大多数公文包。,For example, production departments use minicomputers to monitor certain manufacturing processes an

28、d assembly-line operations (P10). 例如，生产部门使用微机监控特定的生产流程和装配流水线操作。,22,Input devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. Output devices translate the processed information from the

29、 computer into a form that humans can understand. The most common output devices are monitors (see Figure 1-12) and printers (P12). 输入设备把人类可以理解的数据和程序转换成一种计算机可以处理的形式。最常见的输入设备是键盘和鼠标。输出设备将从电脑处理过的信息转换成人类可理解的一种形式。最常见的输出设备是显示器(见图1 - 12)和打印机。,23,Communication: At one time, it was uncommon for a microcomput

30、er system to communicate with other computer systems. Now, using communication devices, a microcomputer can communicate with other computer systems located as near as the next office or as far away as halfway around the world using the Internet. The most widely used communication device is a modem,

31、which modifies telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer. Modems also modify computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines (P14). 通信：曾经，对于微型计算机系统使用其他计算机系统来通信是不常见的。现在，使用通信设备，微型计算机能够与其他近在隔壁办公室或远在半个地球那么远的微型计算机都通过电脑进行通信。最广泛使用的通信设备是调制解调器，它将电话通讯改成使用计算机处理的一种通讯方式。也可以将电脑输出改为标准电话线传输的一种形式。,24,When stored electronically in files, data can be used directly as input for the system unit (P15). 当以电子形式存储在文件中时，可以直接使用数据作为输入用于系统单元。,Database files, typically created by database management programs to contain highly str