专四之定语从句.ppt

1、专四之定语从句,Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.,曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的， 更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。 已经失去的，留作回忆。,The Attributive clause,语法讲解 定语从句（the attributive clause）, 被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语从句的词叫做

2、 _ 或 _。, 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。,在复合句中，充当_ 用的从句是定语从句,“先行词”,“关系代词”,“关系副词”,形容词,Revision1 relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the

3、first time (that) the president has visited the country.,(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the

4、 place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?,when,on which,where,in which,why,for which,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many

5、problems.,where,in which,when,during which,at which,where,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.,where/in which,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent

6、 together.,when/on which,(that/which),The reason _ I dont know is known to him.,(that/which),why/for which,3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.,先行词是不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one.,2. 先行词被all, everything, anyt

7、hing, nothing, something, much, little, few, none修饰时,考点一：that 和 which 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。,3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时 5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 7. 先行词在从句中做表语时 8. 主句以there be开头,1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whet

8、her 2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,Exercise:,先行词为everything，little, much，all，anything，nothing, none, few等词时， 关系代词用,that,4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interest

9、ed him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 5. There is no dictionary _ you can find. A. that B. which C. where D. in that,6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. it B. / C. which D. that,7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. where B. which C. that D. it,先行词为人和

10、物的组合,先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。,若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。,考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句。,1.引导非限制性定语从句时, 其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。,3.句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了 that 引导时,2. 先行词是物，紧接在

11、介词后面时,考点三：关系代词 as 的用法, the same as 表示同一类人或物； the same that 指同一个人或物,1.直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于which,He was late, as / which is often the case.,2.与such 连用, 引起定语从句,There are no such writers as you mention.,It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.,3.与same 连用, 引起定语从句,如此 以至于 ，结果状语从句,This is the same pe

12、n _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A 去掉 It is /was .that/who ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。,that,where,that,when,.定语从句与强调句,典型陷阱题详解,1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were,【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

13、【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。,2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that B. which C. where D. wha

14、t,【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？,3. David is such a g

15、ood boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。,【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动

16、词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。,David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom A,5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句,【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空