高中英语句子成分分析1.ppt

1、句子的构成,句子成分,主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 表语 predicative 宾补 complement 定语 attribute 状语 adverbial 同位语 appositive,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语,主语,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to be

2、lieve. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词,动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,名词,主格代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,the + 形容词,句子,1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of t

3、he students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,

4、（主语从句）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,谓语,谓语: 简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成, 一般在主语之后。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She has finished the homework.,1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an ho

5、ur. 5. Who knows the answer? 6. He has refused to help them. 7. He enjoys reading. 8. He said Good morning.,I like my job. I love you.,He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. He asked where he was.,（三）宾语,宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books., 间接

6、宾语, 直接 宾语,Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers.,下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.,下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit, avoid, advi

7、se, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .,(四)宾语补足语,宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you hear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home

8、. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,副词,名词,(五)定语,He is a clever boy. They are building a stone bridge. There are 54 students in our class. Do you known Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.

9、 I met a friend on my way home.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词),The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.,（六）状语,用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或

10、句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train.,9种状语种类如下：,1. How about meeting again at six? 2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3.I s

11、hall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep im

12、mediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old. 9.I am taller than he is.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite o

13、f his illness. He always comes late to school.,He went. He went there. He went there yesterday. He went there to see his mother yesterday. He went there to see his mother by bike yesterday.,（七）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: Be动词 (am, is, are) 感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 变化系动词 become, grow, turn,

14、 fall, get, go, come 状态系动词 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.,The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. The apple tastes good.,八、同位语,同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在 同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释 另一个句子成分,

15、这个句子成分就叫做它的 同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”),注意: 同位语从句常跟在某些名词后，对其作进一步的解释。 这些名词包括：fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question. 这类从句常常有that引导，有时也可以用what, why, whether, w

16、hen 等引导。,Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 Thats her habit, reading in bed. 躺在床上看书是她的习惯。 Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea. 你建议趁热打铁，这个建议很好。,插入语,插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开，并且在语法上不影响其他成份。,1. 插入语常以副词（副词短语）、形容词（形容词短语）、介

17、词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。 （ 1 ）常见的副词及短语： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。,句子分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句,有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。 如：and, but, or, so等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:,Tom and Mike are American boys.,She likes drawing and of

18、ten draws pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。,五大基本句型,一: (主谓) 二: (主系表) 三: (主谓宾) 四: (主谓间宾直宾) 五: (主谓宾宾补),基本句型 一:(主谓),谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。,如: We come.,(不及物动词),1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothl

19、y,基本句型二：(是系动词) (表语),1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red.,基本句型 三: (主谓宾),此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须 跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。,(及物动词)(宾语),1.

20、Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.” 5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken.,基本句型 四: (主谓间宾直宾),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个 指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Give me a cup of tea please. -Give a cup of tea to me please.,give sb sth= give

21、sth to sb,(及物)(多指人)(多指物),She ordered herself a new dress. She ordered a new dress for herself. 2. He brought you a dictionary. He brought a dictionary to you. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine.,基本句型 五: (主谓宾宾补),此句型的特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词,

22、 但是只跟一个 宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分 来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。 可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式, 动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.,名词,形容词,介词短语,

23、动词不定式,动名词, (及物) (宾语) (宾补),1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus.,a. b. c. d. e. ,1. Pleas tell us a story. _ 2. She smiled. _ 3. His job is to train swimmers. _ 4. He noticed a man enter the room. _ 5. Ple

24、ase look at the picture. _,d,a,b,e,c,1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon they all became interested in the subject.,(三