Lesson Three Pub Talk and the King′s English 张汉熙高级英语第二册课件.ppt

1、Lesson Three,Pub Talk and the Kings English,Objectives of Teaching,To comprehend the whole text To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences To understand the structure of the text To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.,Aims,To learn

2、the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples To know how to make good conversation To trace the history of the Kings English To analyse the features of spoken English To appreciate the language features,Teaching Contents,1. Exposition 2. History of Britain 2. Detailed stu

3、dy of the text 3. Organizational pattern 4. Language features 5. The characteristics of spoken English,Time allocation,1. Exposition and history (15 min.) 2. Detailed study of the text (105 min.) 3. Structure analysis (15 min.) 4. Language appreciation (15 min.) 5. The characteristics of spoken Engl

4、ish (30 min),Writing style,a piece of exposition What is Kings English? What is pub talk?,Writing style,The title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the k

5、ings English,Writing style,Whereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what makes good conversation. He feels that bar conversation in the pub has a charm of its own.,Writing style,The writer illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening

6、 in a pub on the topic “the Kings English. The thesis - in the opening sentence of Para 1.,Writing style,Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. The last sentence of the last par. winds up the theme by pointing out what is the bane (祸害）of good conversation . talking sense“,Writing

7、 style,The real thesis - in the 3rd para. “Bar conversation has a charm of its own”. A better title would be: The Art of Good Conversation“ The Charms of Conversation,The History of Britain,1.The native people in Britain Celts - Celt (language) 2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years Latin (lan

8、guage),The History of Britain,3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part of England English - old English,The History of Britain,4. 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Danish (language) 5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years French (language) 6. Brit

9、ish people conquered the conquest again. English won its recognition. *http:/www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/o_neo_bronze.shtml *,Detailed study of the text,pub talk - conversation held in the public house The Kings English - standard English,Detailed study of the text,Conversation is the .:

10、 Conversation helps to promote an agreeable pleasant and informal relationship among people.,sociable,- friendly; agreeable The smiths are a sociable family. We spent a sociable evening drinking the other day. A sociable person is one who is friendly.,And it is an activity only of human,- And conver

11、sation is an activity which is found only among human beings. Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.,intricate - complicated,The intricate computer requires a skilled operator. an intricate argument / plot design / pattern,indulge in,- enjoy; satisfy 容许自己享受； 尽情 allow oneself to have or e

12、njoy He indulged heavily in conversation and drink.,indulge in,He occasionally indulges in the luxury of a good cigar. We indulge in an expensive supper after the concert. Nazi madmen indulged in the torture of their victims before they killed them.,Par. 2,How to make good conversation?,What makes g

13、ood conversation?,1. Anything can start a conversation. It does not need a special topic to start a conversation. And once started, no one knows how or where it will end.,What makes good conversation?,2. What spoils the conversation is people who think they have a lot of important things to say. He

14、who would have anything important to say spoils the conversation. 3. Conversation is not for making a point.,What makes good conversation?,4. There is no winning in conversation. One does not try to prove himself right and others wrong. We may argue but we neednt try to convince others that they are

15、 wrong and we are right.,make a point,- prove effectively truth of ones statement by argument or in some other way.立论； 证明观点 This is the first point I want to make. In this case he made a point. 在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。,in a flash - in a second,In a flash he realized that they were presents from his patients

16、. Everything happened in a flash. a flash in a pan,They are ready to let it go.,- They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved onto other subjects),metaphor,meander leap - river 1. flow slowly turning here and there 2. jump over,me

17、taphor,Sparkle glow - fire 1. small flashes 2. bright light,mixed metaphor,meander/ sparkle - smooth / peaceful leap / glow - exciting / heated The writer in the same sentence compares conversation to river and fire as well.,Para 3,the real thesis - Bar conversation has a charm of its own,Why does t

18、he writer like bar conversation so much?,1. The writer is only a frequenter of pubs. 2. Bar goers are not intimate friends. Bar/church, the place for people to make friends. Bar plays an important role in social activities in the western world.,on the rocks -,infml clich 1. wrecked or ruined Mr Jone

19、s business was on the rocks. = His business was losing money and almost ruined.,on the rocks,2.with ice only Sally ordered an orange juice on the rocks. = Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes. Marriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the rocks.,Ancient superstition:,1. get out of bed on the

20、 wrong side get up on the wrong side of the bed,Ancient superstition,Getting out of bed on the wrong side will bring you bad luck. The wrong side is usually the left side. When one get out of bed on the wrong side, it usually means youre in the grumpy or bad mood. Go back to bed and get up on the ri

21、ght side.,Ancient superstition,2. “Step on a spider. it is sure to rain” This superstition is told to all children, because no one wants it to rain. Spiders generally live a long and healthy life. 3. The number 13 has often been thought to be a bad omen. People should never invite 13 guests to dinne

22、r. It is believed that one will die before the year is out .,Ancient superstition,4. Friday the 13th is day to stay at home and do nothing. It is doubly unlucky, when the 13th of the month falls on a Friday. Bad things will happen. Many people refrain from starting activities on the 13th to make sur

23、e no evil will happen to them.,up-bringing,- the training and education received while growing up His upbringing explains a lot about his attitude towards women.,of ones own,- belong strictly to oneself She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。 For reasons of his own, he refused to join the club. 由于某些个人理由，他

24、拒绝参加那个俱乐部。,delve ,dig, research; investigate delve into book 专研书本 delve into the past 调查过去的情况 If you delve into sth, you try to discover new information about it.,two kinds of language:,a) colloquial expression on the rocks get out of bed on the wrong side b) literary allusion 文学典故， 引喻 in reference

25、to a person; event; story,Musketeers of Dumas“, The three Musketeers in Dumas novel are very close friends. They supported each other with their fortune and their lives, yet they showed no curiosity in or tried to find out anything about each others private life.,Para.1-3 Questions:,How do you comme

26、nt on the title? What is the first topic the writer puts forward? Do you think the writer sticks to this topic? What makes a good conversation? Why does the writer like bar conversation so much?,Para. 4,Specific example. It may be used as a transitional paragraph. In order to arouse the readers curi

27、osity the writer didnt mention the topic until the next paragraph.,desultory,- aimless, half-hearted (fml) 散漫 The word comes from the Latin desultor - leaper . Something that is desultory is done or happen in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without enthusiasm.,desultory,There were some desult

28、ory attempts to defend him. He began to look desultorily for another apartment. a conversation 漫谈 research 漫无边际的研究 a walk 漫步,commonplace,- ordinary, common Disposable cigarette lighters are commonplace. Air travel has now become . n. In earlier centuries the death of children was a commonplace.,alch

29、emy - magic,the form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, which was especially concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold. a literary use, the power to do sth. so well that it seems mysterious and magical the alchemy of his performance,affirmation,- a statement of

30、 your belief in and support for them the denunciation of privilege and affirmation 指责特权 affirmation of equality 赞同平等,a term of criticism - why?,The Kings English is a kind of language one should try to use and imitate. Someone told me that the language should not be used. The term is criticizing ins

31、tead of praising.,convict,- a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison esp. for a long time an escaped convict an ex-con 前科犯,barrier, obstacle, difficulty,difficulty - - the most general of the words and may be applied loosely to any troublesome state of affairs to have difficu

32、lty in learning higher mathematics the difficulty of driving a car through deep mud,barrier, obstacle, difficulty,obstacle - something that one must either remove or go around before being able to proceed The huge tree that had been blown down by the storm was an obstacle to traffic. Ill health may

33、be an obstacle to a childs progress in school.,barrier, obstacle, difficulty,barrier - an obstacle that temporarily impedes progress but is not necessarily impassable. Writers never tire of depicting the barriers that arise between parents and growing children.,barrier,The thick walls and moats of c

34、astles were built as barriers against attackers. 城堡修筑厚实的城墙及护城河都是为了将其用作防御进攻的障碍物。,churl,- (old use) a person of low birth, esp. a peasant,swing,- (cause to) change to a large degree She swung from happiness to tears The value of the dollar swung downwards.,Par 8,History of English. T The writer here m

35、akes digression to show conversation going on without focus.,out of snobbery,- (in order) because they want to show their superior taste in matter of food.,out of snobbery,In English restaurants, esp, in high-class restaurants, the names of the dishes on the menus are quite often in French. This is

36、done out of snobbery because in the Western countries people consider French food to be the best.,out of snobbery,But even if they wrote their menus in English, they would have to use many words, such as pork, beef, veal, poultry etc derived from French and which were first introduced into England b

37、y the Norman rulers.,snobbery -,1. the attitude of someone who belongs to or admires the higher social class of society, and despises people of a lower social class,snobbery -,2. the attitude of sb, who believes that his own special tastes, interests and abilities are superior to those of other peop

38、le. snobbish / snob,rift - fml, lit.,1. a crack, narrow opening made by breaking The sun appeared through a rift in the clouds. 2. (fig) division Im afraid theres been a rift between us. A deep rift has started in their family life.,Par.10,example to show class distinction scamper - When people or s

39、mall animals scamper, they move with small, quick, bouncing steps. The mouse scampered into its hole.,turn up ones nose at,- a trite expression show contempt for / ignore / score / consider sth not good enough I wish my child wouldnt turn up his nose at vegetables.,turn up ones nose at,My friend tur

40、ns up his nose at anyone who hasnt had a college education. - turn up ones toes to die (slang),bilingual education,- using two languages in teaching Since there are now some two or three million Americans of Latin American parentage whose language is Spanish, a recent movement has been for bilingual

41、 education, usually English and Spanish. Under this plan, students whose first language is sth other than English receive instruction in that language as well as English, so as not to deprive them of equal educational opportunity.,bilingual education,This proposal, which has been only sporadically（不

42、时发生地） implemented （执行，生效）has caused a great deal of controversy in the US.,bi + adj.,- meaning double, two, appearing twice bimonthly 每月二次 biannual 每年二次 biplane 双翼飞机,into the shoes of,- (infml) in the position of experiencing what another has to experience Im glad Im not in his shoe just now.,cultur

43、al humiliation -,The English must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language and to accept a foreign language. So they took up arms against this cultural humiliation. The leader is Hereward the Wake.,Hereward the Wake,3image-1* an Anglo-Saxon patriot a

44、nd rebel leader, he rose against the Norman conquerors but was defeated. This sentence means like Herewaaard the Wake, when the English rose against the Norman conquerors, they must have felt greatly humiliated when they were forced to listen to and use a foreign language to accept a foreign culture

45、.,heirs to it,- it is not clear 1. the English we speak and write in America today also shows the French influence of that time. We have inherited this French influence on the English language.,heirs to it,2. In America today we are facing the same problem that existed in England 900 years ago. The

46、problem of having two languages existing side by side.(English and Spanish),Par 12,the history of the Kings English Newes - archaic spelling Strange News of the Intercepting Certain Letters thou clipst the Kings English - middle English,clip - simplify,abbreviate in speech or writing as nkyou for th

47、ank you“ They gave him clipped and precise instructions. His plays are written in a very clipped style. A clipped style of language expresses things quickly and clearly using as few words as possible.,Gods patience.,There will be a great trying of ones patience and plentiful misuse of the Kings Engl

48、ish. No matter how patient you are, you wont be able to bear him, because he will even try Gods patience. God is more patient than any human being.,abusing ,1. take unfair or undue advantage of (ones patience) 2. improper or incorrect use of language (the Kings English),come into its own -,receive w

49、hat properly belongs to one, esp acclaim or recognition 获得应得的 She didnt really come into her own until shed won the election for Party leader. 才奠定了应有的地位 With the success of the Model T Ford, the automobile industry came into its own. 随着T型福特汽车的成功，汽车工业受到了应有的重视。,Elizabethans-,the famous writers in Eliz

50、abethan time (period) Shakespeare/ Milton,Simile,Extended simile blow on a dandelion clock seeds multiplied floated to the ends of the earth To spread the English language is compared to the blowing of a dandelion clock. English was spread far and wide by those famous writers.,The Kings English was

51、no longer.“,The use of English was no longer restricted to a certain race or class. Now English is used both by the King and common people in England.,pejorative ,disparaging, downgrading (a word, phrase) that suggests that somebody or sth, is bad or worthless I didnt think he is using inequality in

52、 a pejorative sense.,facetious,- comes from the French faetie - a jest joking esp. at an inappropriate time I became angry with that facetious boy. A phrase used pejoratively or facetiously is clearly lowered in importance and dignity.,underling(s) - derog,a person of low rank or position in relatio

53、n to another such as a servant,English as it should be spoke“,The deliberate poor grammar used here reflects the desire by some members of the lower classes to strip the language of any pretence, to keep it from being used in snobbish way.,Carlyle - Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881),a Scottish essayist and

54、 historian and a very strong voice in the intellectual circles of Victorian England. Carlyleism卡莱尔风格,harden,- become hard or forceful There exists a kind of danger. Thats for us, words will become concrete things.,edict - (fml),an official public order having the force of law, which everyone must ob

55、ey a firm, authoritative command or instruction,immune (to) 不受影响的,If you are immune to sth. that happens or is done, you are not affected by it. He was immune to the flattery of others people. The American economy is proving surprisingly immune to big fluctuations 波动in interest rates. be against att

56、ack be from taxation n. diplomatic immunity外交豁免权,common sense -,头脑，见地， 应有的判断力 practical good sense and judgment gained from experience, rather than special knowledge from school or study,common sense,a persons natural ability to make good judgments and to behave in a practical and sensible way. 1. A

57、lthough she is not very clever shes got a lot of common sense. 2. Havent you enough to know that its unwise to go swimming just after a big meal?,ultimatum -,a final statement of terms made by one party or another. There is an implication of serious penalties if the terms are not accepted. The word

58、comes from Latin “ultimatus” (last) and is obviously related to “ultimate” 最后通牒; 最后条件,ultimatum -,When Iran held American diplomats hostage, ultimatums were issued by the Iranian now and then demanding concession from the Americans if their demands were not met.,Detailed study of the text,The Kings

59、English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people should not forced to accept it.,Par 18,“so we may return” The writer realizes he has been digressing from his subject so he comes back to his central them - conversation.,slips and slides ,metaphor to slide on a slippery surface, to lose ones footing, hence to make a mistake, fall into error The English one uses is no l