2009年职称英语卫生类C级教材新增部分内容

1、2009年职称英语卫生类C级教材新增部分内容第四部分：阅读理解（两篇）第五篇Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of JulyLast Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off1 in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn2.A bottle rocket shot in

2、to his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.June is Fireworks Eye Safety Aw

3、areness Month, and through its Eye Smart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye with a bottle rocket, said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinica

4、l correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks related injuries hap

5、pen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in3 permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger acc

6、ounting for4 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless spar

7、klers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.词汇：Fireworks n烟火 professional n专业人员Glaucoma 凡青光眼 abuse n伤害Cataract n白内障 sparkler n花炮ophthalmology n眼科学 Fahrenheit n华氏注释：1set off：点燃2took a terrible turn：发生恶转3result in：导致4accounting for：(指数量)占

8、 练习：1. What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? A He was burned in a house fire. B He was caught in a rain. C He was injured in a fight. D He was hit in the eye.2. The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to_. A celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks. B leave fireworks to prof

9、essionals in their celebrations. C stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether. D set off fireworks together with trained professionals.3. How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year? A About 9,000. B About 4,500. C About 1,350. D About 30.4. Fireworks eye injuries can result in eac

10、h of the following EXCEPT_. A blindness. B permanent vision loss. C glaucoma and cataracts. D head-related injuries.5. Which is NOT true of sparklers? A They are harmless to children. B They are considered safe by many people. C They are a threat to the eyes.D They can burn at very high degrees.答案与题

11、解：1D短文的第一段讲到，去年七月四日，Pete在观看国庆焰火燃放时不幸被击中眼睛。2B短文的第二段讲到，美国眼科学会呼吁人们在庆祝国庆时最好让专业人员去放烟火，而自己只作观赏者。3C短文的第三段讲到，在美国，每年发生9，000多起有烟火导致的伤害，其中有一半是头部伤，而在这一半头部伤中，又有三分之一是眼伤。4D前面三项危害短文都分别提到过，而headrelated injuries包含fireworks eye injuries，而不是由其导致的。5A短文最后一段说到，sparklers在许多人看来是安全的，但其实对于小于5岁的孩子来说，但其所有烟花造成的伤害的三分之一都是由sparkler

12、s导致的。显然，它们不是没有危害的第五篇呼吁今年7月4日安全国庆去年七月四日，彼德，一个l4岁的男孩正在他所住的街区欣赏照亮的天空和放烟花的巨响。突然，可怕的事情发生在这个夜里。一只爆竹射进他的眼里，他马上感到了剧痛。他的家人急忙把他送人急诊室治疗。由于这次受伤，彼德患上了青光眼和自内障。今天，彼德那只伤眼已经由于那次爆竹的伤害而永久失明了。六月是烟火与眼睛安全意识月，美国眼科学会想通过自己的亮眼运动提醒消费者让专业人员去放烟火。“没有什么比7月4日欢度国庆因某人被爆竹炸伤眼睛而遭到破坏更糟糕的了，”约翰C哈根医生(学会的临床通讯员兼肯萨斯城的探索视力中心的一名眼科学家)，说道：“安全的庆祝活

13、动就是让专业人员放烟火，而你作观赏者。” 根据美国消费者产品安全委员会的统计，每年由烟花爆竹导致的伤害事故超过9，000起。其中，将近一半都是头部受伤，而头部受伤者中约30是眼伤。四分之一的烟火眼伤导致了永久性失明。儿童是烟火燃放不慎最普遍的受害者。在美国50的烟火眼伤患者都是l5岁及l5岁以下的孩子。哈根医生估算他每年在临床实践上能遇到三十多起由烟花炮竹引起的伤害。即使是那些人们认为安全的烟花对眼睛也是一种威胁。对于五岁以下的儿童，看起来无害的烟火棒导致的伤害占所有烟火伤害的三分之一。事实上烟火棒燃烧的温度能接近华氏2000度。第九篇U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Ch

14、ild Health Study in January A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday. Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes of Hea

15、lth said they hope the study, to be conducted at I05 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as expo

16、sure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials said mor

17、e than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion. We anticipat1that in the long term , what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs, Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National

18、 Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findings will be

19、 about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.词汇：

20、Hereditary adj遗传的注释：1in the long term：从长远说来2sign up：使报名从事 3pre-term birth：早产练习:1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to_. A conduct research. B track public health. C prevent or treat illness. D speed up development.2. Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT_. A genetic samples from

21、people in the study. B biological samples from people in the study. C samples from the homes of the women and their babies. D samples of air and water from hospitals.3. It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs_. A will be lowered in the long run. B will be significantly in

22、creased. C will be more than $200 million. D will reach $3.2 billion.4. The babies of the participants will be followed_. Athroughout their lives. B for more than two decades. C from birth to 21 months. D until they get married.5. Which is NOT true of the people in the study? A Theyll be from variou

23、s areas. B Theyll be from all income levels. C Theyll be from all educational levels.D Theyll be from all age groups.答案与题解：1C短文的第二段提到了此项研究的90al，即aim，这便是learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. 2D前三项在短文的第四段都有题记，第四项应该是“参加研究的妇女及其婴儿家中的空气与水等物质，”而不是“医院中的空气与水”。3A短文的第六段说到，预计从长远的角度讲，此项研究将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的

24、节约。4B短文的第一段以及倒数第三段都说到，这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到21岁。5D前三项在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四项是错误的，因为研究对象都是怀孕的妇女，不可能是所有年龄段的人们。第九篇 美国将在一月启动一项耗资三十二亿美元的儿童健康研究项目美国卫生部门官员在星期五称：美国将在一月份启动一项耗资三十二亿美元的研究项目，此项目将对十万名美国儿童的健康状况进行跟踪研究，研究对象的年龄从出生前一直到二十一岁，这项研究预计将持续二十余年。来自美国国立卫生研究院的官员称：他们希望此项将在全国范围内的一百零五个地点展开的研究，将有助于识J型IJL童早期生活对El后发展的影响，其目标是研究出新的

25、治疗和防止疾病的方法。此项研究将对遗传和环境两个因素进行测试。环境因素如使婴儿接触某种有损健康的化学品。研究院表示，研究人员将收集研究对象的基因和生物样本，以及母婴生活环境当中的空气、水、灰尘和建筑材料的样本。这些官员称目前此项研究已经花费两亿美元，而这项研究预计耗资三十二亿美元。担任美国国立卫生院尤尼斯肯尼迪施莱佛美国国立儿童健康和人类发展中心的负责人的杜安亚历山大博士对记者说：“我们期待从长远来说，此项研究成果将有利于国家卫生保健费用开支的节约。”此项研究将于一月开始，届时北卡罗琳娜大学和纽约西奈山医学院将开始与报名参加此研究的孕妇签约，合约中规定这些将要出生的孩子将被此项目跟踪调查至二十

26、一岁。据此项目的负责人皮特沙伊特称。早期的发现围绕导致近年来愈来愈普遍的早产现象的因素。研究院称，研究对象将从农村、城市和郊区广泛选取，他们涵盖不同的收入阶层和受教育程度，以及不同的种族。第六部分：完形填空（两篇）第二篇Exercise Cuts Cancer Deaths in Men Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who 1 , new research published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed yesterday. A

27、team of scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden looked 2 the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men _ 3 _ between 45 and 79. The seven-year study found that men 4 walked or cycled for at least 30 minutes a day had a 34 per cent lower risk of 5 from cancer than the men w

28、ho did less exercise or nothing at all. 6 the period studied, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hours walking_7_cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 per cent. The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sw

29、eden about their lifestyle and the amount of 8 activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results_9 _data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry2over a seven-year period. Lead author, Professor Alicja Wolk, said: These

30、results clearly show for the first time the effect that very simple and basic daily 10 such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle-aged and elderly 11 Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information at Cancer Research UK, said: This study gives us a clear indication that

31、men who exercise are less 12 to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to 13_the disease if they get it. Its not entirely clear from this studywhat role exercise plays in preventing 14 in men, but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers3-and 15 exercise form

32、s a key part of this. 词汇：Registry n登记簿 lead 口巧带头的注释：1the period studied：所研究的时间段内2data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry：官方纪录在癌症中心登记簿上的癌症诊断与死亡数据3.prevent up to half of all cancers：避免各类癌症不低于一半的数量练习：1A dont B didnt C wont D cant2A on B for C at D by3A ranged

33、 B aged C ranked D listed4A which B whoC whom D what5A recovering B turning C dying D surviving6A During B Since C Despite D Between7A and B butC or D with8A mental B physical C psychological D artistic9A upon B towards C into D with10A exercise B life C work D style11A people B men C adults D coupl

34、es12A possible B ableC likely D apparent13A lose B miss C treat D survive14A disaster B cancer C mistakes Daccidents15A random B rare C regular D rough答案与题解：1A本句前面提到men who exercise omen，与他们相比较的显然应当是“不经常锻炼的男人们”，即men who dont。2C look at表示“观察、研究”。3B between 45 and 79显然指的是这些男人的年龄，因此应选aged。4B修饰前面的men一词，

35、因此应选限制性关系代词who。5C根据上下文可以得知，经常锻炼的男人“死”于癌症的危险要小。6A此处显然应选表示“在期问”之意的during一词。7C本段的第一句出现了walked or cycled，因此此处应选or一词。8B短文的第二段曾出现过physical activity，因此此处应选physical一词。9D将一件事与另一件事进行比较，应是comparewith。10A根据上下文意即本句接下来给出的such as walking or cycling，不难推断此处应选exercise一词。11B短文的题目以及之前一直都在谈论男人运动与否与癌症的关系，此处显然应选men。12C前面多

36、次提到，坚持经常性运动的男人死于癌症的可能性要小，possible和likely在汉语里都可译作“可能的”，但在英语中意思区别很大，前者侧重于“存在”的客观趋势，后者侧重于对“存在”的预期，因而可以说It is possible for them to do，而不说they are possible to do，所以应选likely。13D既然坚持经常性运动的男人死于癌症的可能性要小，那么不难推断这种男人即使得了癌症，存活下来的可能性也应更大些。14B短文全篇都在谈论男人运动与患癌症的关系，此外，接下来又出现了prevent up to halfof all cancers，因此此处应选can

37、cer。15.C前面提到每天运动带给男人的好处，因此此处应选regular，表示“经常性的”第二篇 运动有助于降低男士癌症死亡率 昨天，英国癌症期刊发表的最新研究指出，经常运动的男士和不运动的男士相比，患癌症死亡的可能性更低。 瑞典卡罗琳学院的一组科学家以年龄在45岁到79岁之间的40，708名男士为研究对象，观察了体育运动和癌症风险之间的联系。 这项为期七年的研究发现，每天散步或者骑车30分钟的男士因癌症而死亡的风险比那些很少运动或者根本不运动的人低34。在所研究的时间内，有3，714人的癌症恶化，1，153人因病死亡。研究人员提出每天散步或者骑车半个小时能使这些人的存活率提高33。 研究人

38、员对瑞士中部两个县的男士的生活方式和平时的运动量进行了调查、分析，将得出的结果与官方纪录在癌症中心登记簿上的癌症诊断与死亡数据做了对比。 小组负责人埃里卡沃尔克(Alicja Wolk)教授说：“调查结果第一次清楚的显示，日常最简单的散步、骑车等活动能降低中老年男士患癌症死亡的风险。” 英国癌症研究所癌症信息部主任莱斯雷沃克(Lesley Walker)博士讲到：“从这项研究中我们可以清楚的看到，经常运动的人死于癌症的可能性更低，而且即便是得了癌症，也有多存活下来的机会。虽然这项研究对运动在男士预防癌症中的作用还没有完全清楚的说明，但是我们的确能发现健康的生活方式能避免一半以上的各类癌症发生其

39、中经常运动是健康生活的重要组成部分。第五篇Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of1 an intimate partner their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look 1 domestic violence and health among men. Many men actually do experience domestic violenc

40、e, although we dont hear about it 2 , Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the authors, told Reuters Health. They often dont tell 3 we dont ask. We want to message out2 to men who 4 experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources availabl

41、e to 5 The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical 6 such as threats that made them 7 for3 their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 1

42、4.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner 8 in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and 9 ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 mont

43、hs. Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of 10 violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violet men 11 was physical. However, the physical violence men reported wasnt as harsh as 12 stuff, women in a previous study; 20 p

44、ercent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compare to 61 percent of_13_Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental problems 14 those who had not, especially older men, the 15 found.词汇：Intimate 口巧亲密的 name-calling n辱骂Abuse 凡伤害注释：1at the hands of：出自某人之手，从某人那里2get the message out：传达这样一个信息3fear for：为担忧练习：1. A by B at C on D for2. A never B often C ever D now3. A and B butC yet D unless4. A to B no C do D go5. A us B him C you D them6. A strength B labor C abuse D exercise7. A hope B fear C wait