体育网络信息资源整合研究

1、 吉首大学硕士学位论文体育网络信息资源整合研究姓名：唐丽军申请学位级别：硕士专业：体育人文社会学指导教师：刘泳洁20100401 嬛威嬕姻噶厛劙嚖古奠壟團位墱咜併困准嚀娽寗奨墉娒僁奠壟困准奠壟尤墉夓位困准併宧威寷嫇娨媠壎宙唏嫇僛堭僢亾古夓位噶厛困准併嚨但孶寈寷嫇堈媲尤墉困准圃凓併娒乖偃埻丩圮嫭孓僁奠壟困准堈媲圮倡婨娒僁侉噅孯宝劬分墣冔剭媲兔墟圃寡卓併嘴媟並堈媲奠壟併尤婸嫭堈媲倏嬪嚀奝嫕婃併劒堏勌夑併婽墉宧威嫭堈媲妮叐堈媲併云娌冔併宽俯倪咻墽娒乒坺哌堈媲俣奠壟併威噀嫐卯嫐傪奠壟嫭夓位困准娨劬亾墉娒宥兒奟効孪县嫭堈媲吅媧娉乒厸塣嫭孓僁奠壟冔併團位堈媲併倏嬪娉威娫奠壟併儌倧仾丼墉嫫堈乜唏僇卉僇兊併倏

2、嬪尣墉堈媲奠壟寷嫇娒乖偃併堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇娉妃威匣妠媅奂併儅厨堈媲塹呞奠壟併尖孾媠儅厨併坳喬宀剴婥天佮堈媲併倏嬪堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇併媅奂孬兖剌俣堈媲併倏嬪堄僒兣但併寉嫭奠壟冔困准併劯壿劙奫堈媲塹呞奠壟併孬兖姉劾剌墉堈媲奠壟併奈侨倏嬪尣仫娒奄媅娽埠垼剌奠壟寷嫇孬兖併娒嫀厨婛婸媏堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖孓娒寕夫吅媧俣堈媲奠壟併倏嬪勞媅宧威併娹娼匫堅堩儦俣儣唍塣夓媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾劙奫坈厨娫塹呞奠壟寷嫇媠堈媲併剜乽墉嘝嚖侔剌塹呞奠壟寷嫇姉劾亾儤娝宁佮堈媲塹呞奠壟併姉劾実圾夅俣塹囘堈媲奠壟寷嫇併厛奨埻侔凳儣唍塣宧威併堈媲奠壟寷嫇劙奫侨姉墉寷嫇孬兖依侷夓圜凞仴嗓伡俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖乺伡孬兖併夝儁凿

3、坜孬兖倪圤劙奫偃壕劂兖堈媲併匣妠坛奯妚嬄仫圱兖堈媲妠匣併塹呞奠壟孬兖倪倕例嚨囱刉仫唏剰兊倡婨堈媲妠匣坛奯併堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒协刟尛兺俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇佭兄圜厸冏奢匲/劙奫圜孳偃壕寀埿众堈媲塹呞奠壟孬兖例 i娊 ABSTRACTABSTRACTMankind has entered the information age, our society increasingly transformedinto an information society. Information as an important resource in modern soc

4、iety,has been with the material, energy, constitute the three pillars of modern human societyresources. Sports as part of social life, especially in the information society, sports isreflected in a regional political, economic, cultural, educational and health barometer.The role of sports informatio

5、n by rapid development in the sport was of particularimportance todayin sports training, sports industry all details the many aspects ofsports become increasingly demanding for information, information in modern societyhas become a core competence in the field of sports is no exception. In this info

6、rmationage, the development of sports should also widespread dissemination of information asthe carrier before the development of faster and better. Sports Information Resources aspart of the sports network of information resources requires scientific and effectivemanagement. Sports organization and

7、 management of network information directlyaffects the level of sports development. Sports Network Information Resource for theintegration, sports development will be a great help, in the context of information society,sports network for the integration of information will be coordinating the develo

8、pment ofsports information to make some useful exploration. Integration of information resourcesand the general principles applied to sports network Integration of information resourcesin this specific area, the development of the sports information of great significance.This paper analyses the curr

9、ent situation of the research on the integration ofnetwork information resources in home and abroad,and transplants the results of thenetwork information resources study to the research on the sports network informationthrough the junction of network information resources and sports.First,this paper

10、surveys the styles and characters of the sports network information resources and theimportant sports information resources in home and aboard,this work lays down thefoundation for the research on the integration of resources;second,this paper analysesthe layouts,related techniques and types of the

11、integration of sports network informationresources combined with the science nature of sports,and seeks the proper integration ofnetwork information that is fit for the sports subject;third,this paper tries to design atheoretical frame for the integration of sports network information resources that

12、 couldreflects the science nature of sports properly.Finally,this paper analyses ESPNSTAR/that is a case on the integration of sports network informationresources.Key WordsNetwork Sports information Integration例 ii娊 並哲吳丠哬吭並 3.1堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇偃厛並 . 13並 4.1 DC媽垝凲咽坝唍嚈併厛丩兔倣墆並. 25並 4.2咽坝堈媲塹呞奠

13、壟併媽坤勜 . 28並 6.1冏奢匲塹圾娊喤佱凳壿凹即哲佭兄並 . 36例 I娊 堽哲吳堷哬吭堽 4.1 Z39.50奈婀併婛婸売場劂僢堽. 19堽 4.2 OpenURL寷嫇孬兖圜夓圥娹堽 . 23堽 5.1孬兖併堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇凲兖 . 33堽 5.2堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇場娒刯垼喬埋哖卆 . 34堽 5.3堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇場娒刯垼売場孬堈刟僢堽 . 34堽 6.1冏奢匲堈媲奠壟咚册密娊劈咻 . 35堽 6.2冏奢匲塹堈媲塹呞奠壟刯垼喬埋 . 37例 II娊 哲吳俉企奩囼哆噶圂哌垾亿剜併呒墣圮墱僁噶嫭佭圍宇佭壿劙奫併姉劾働尤凳噌佴併姉劾亾儤加墱垾孹仲古墣実埻丩刖娫丣寏兔宑奖併侉倪塣呒墣実乒儳嗓埀

14、噶娨劬倏並凗寘奏儦併姉劾亾儤娉乒儳墉凖佴凭圾但妠凗嗓埁剭媲凟僢併妠墚凗孳坐倇圠婸儦併乛叨媠墱娒堭働尤併堭宍俣姉劾垾尣併噹兕僚夔勸娨嫭呒墣実尤古哌噢併坺哌丹並圥古奖娹姉劾圃嗶哐團刧唝嫕嚀僻媉呌墝圚婲圻噍佯坴哆噶填噖古劃凭圾但妠媅儁名圠婸妠墚呒墣併儏侷凷妠夾媅噓名垒剜呒墣併偿婖剁兔优啝嫝妈呒墣亀嫗兔劉嫗匦娫习婸婥婖垺婖凗嚱咽佹偿宕圽保伹凈丙妠墚呒墣堭娹凭圾但妠匦娫婸乒堭倪圤嫭乒堭咒堈囘倏並仾丼妠墚呒墣併噖乖凗乖偃唍嚈(咱併妠墚呒墣嫭劃咱兺婛尞圿伞奈婀)姉劾圃嗶哐佭圍嗶哐團刧團刧唝唝嫕嫕嚀嚀例 III娊 1嗽姍1嗷姇1. 1妔埿娑勖儣刕堈媲尉動嫭 2007唝 3嫕僔乓併堈媲圩娌圕娒壄儏冓実哌噢併堄仫

15、古凢凮匇嬪堈媲奠壟姉劾塇劙堈媲奠壟冔孬兖堈媲奠壟寷嫇塙半习凲噋佱刖嘌奠壟偫壐但县塇劙堈媲奠壟冔婉噶佭圍后婳劁剭坁圮奠壟妠倪咻併寕刕坃嗓婥天僁噶亙嗉儁寏堈媲吅媧実堈媲奠壟併夝儁姉劾丹圼凲孬厨古但变併夝儁寷叨嫭俣夝儁寷叨併侨亀兔偃壕姉劾実倏夓匦堩儦悝卻塹嬯卯亀孃堈媲奠壟作塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇亿夓偃嚫墽妍冔墓孬兖併夓寡僃儌但婸册併奠壟亀妨佋卯古凮但併卢唄墽呒圮塹囘厦嚫併堈媲奠壟寷嫇冞圮坤勜匿寷嫇俋仹媏夝俣俏去寡埏婸册唄娫娒嬯圤刯垼凖噌噖墣宕嫏古堈媲併奠壟冔塹呞冔倏嬪嫭佢劒塹呞奠壟嬙團位墉古圜夓堈媲寷嫇僛太併尛婺冔刖卉堈媲奠壟仾丼伬劙堈媲圩娌倏嬪俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫孬兖夑佴婽墉丑威垾娫嫭宽俯併儁媏堈媲噶

16、墣困准妠併妚堅実墱妚嬄古堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖墉姉劾匫堅匫堅堩儦俣儣唍塣夓媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾劙奫坈厨娫塹呞奠壟寷嫇媠堈媲併剜乽墉嘝嚖侔剌塹呞奠壟寷嫇姉劾亾儤娝宁佮堈媲塹呞奠壟併姉劾実壠塼俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖孓娒团媅噶姉劾併吅媧劙奫売場併姉劾墉堈媲嫭奠壟冔塹呞冔倏嬪併佱吮囘尣仫娒奄媅娽埠垼21圧刐丣宍寲噶厛劙嚖古奠壟困准奠壟兔孹圝亾墉噶厛困准寷嫇併兒奟奠壟併凖噌兔厶婸夑佴媯卯媯宧威塹呞併仫夓媠倏嬪墉奠壟寷嫇併圃云仾侎媠厶婸堄僒古凮但併东厶奠壟堩儦 I nt er net圜夓併寷嫇僛太圁堹佮古困准倏嬪併儦仁実婉埻塹婪媅倴亘偎傆併僂厛寷嫇媠偫壐塹呞奠壟寷嫇偽傒僂僁吅媧兔僂僁倪咻伦匣妠凿坜佮墣妠

17、娬坜击兼墽垾乒堈媲尤墉困准匣妠実併娒僁宧威妠匣嫭婉埻塹囘娉媅寲倴亘偎傆併寷嫇孓奄寷嫇亾墉堈媲働尤子匇倏媠厶婸併奝奨寷嫇嫭塹呞倏嬪仪嗉堈媲働尤子匦堩儦悝卻塹嬯卯亀孃奠壟作塹呞奠壟寷嫇偃嚫兔墽妍冔僃儌但婸册併奠壟亀妨佋卯古凮但併卢唄例娒但变娫塹呞奠壟垖妩墉哲併併垖垼婔嘳併仫夓嫭娒侷仁俗囘呱尐古噶咜奠壟亀妨併妃噀作婾媏垖垼婔嘳封囶併動夛奯宑圠奠壟併刯審呁兔刯噖呁俋剰佾嘟墓唏媅奂匨偫塹囘奠壟勦嬉媠婸册奠壟妃噀埻侷奯孽刧併咁俫嗓伡墽呒圮塹囘厦嚫併堈媲奠壟寷嫇冞圮坤勜匿寷嫇俋仹媏夝俣俏去寡埏婸册唄娫娒嬯圤刯垼凖噌噖墣媋婉坤勜匿噀噖併寷嫇圼吳嫀嬅佭宑古妈俯坤勜匿唍嚈併剜乽宧偿孓娉婥天古婸册俣奠壟併妚嬄兔坤勜

18、匿併厶婸呁妈俯坤勜匿儳媅俯僁妠匣密堅乒堭併尀坤勜匿婸册圠婸團兣唄伦哐亻囘例 1娊 1嗽姍墴妃威堽坐嘶凟僢俣嗓剉去唍嚈佭兄尃坸妠匣/密堅嗉匌哐亻卯嫇坤勜匿佹劙娒乔剳圥嚒兕剌偃乓嫭乒堭侉侔乒堭厛奨併塹囘堈媲僂坤勜匿墣夔奠壟寷嫇僄勜堈媲併妠匣坛奯劙奫圼凲孬厨媠媅奂孬兖堄傪堈媲奠壟寷嫇併厶婸奂呁圮娒夫倴亘媅夓圜娹娼兔刞宄併姉劾匫堅匫堅堩儦俣儣唍塣夓媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾劙奫坈厨娫塹呞奠壟寷嫇媠堈媲併剜乽墉嘝嚖侔剌塹呞奠壟寷嫇姉劾亾儤娝宁佮堈媲塹呞奠壟併姉劾実圾夅俣塹囘堈媲奠壟寷嫇併厛奨埻侔凳儣唍塣宧威併堈媲奠壟寷嫇劙奫侨姉墉寷嫇孬兖依侷夓圜凞仴嗓伡俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖乺伡孬兖併夝儁凿坜孬兖倪圤劙奫

19、偃壕劂兖堈媲併匣妠坛奯妚嬄仫圱兖堈媲妠匣併塹呞奠壟孬兖倪倕例嚨囱刉仫唏剰兊倡婨堈媲妠匣坛奯併堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒协刟尛兺俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇佭兄圜厸冏奢匲劙奫圜孳偃壕1. 2儝唇塝姃劸复寛塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖姉劾圮哲嗽堽坐嘶吅媧姉劾併噳咚冕堅孽娒儣唍塣嫭厨呒媠圜刼囘勸噌佴古乒团併姉劾亾儤夝俣媏嗓埀妠匣寕宇奯併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾亾儤剰团嘟婛婸奯姉劾囙仹匲1. 2. 1儣塣奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾夓寡儣塣俣奠壟寷嫇孬兖併姉劾圣媏 20圧刐 80唝位佢團密威圮孜俣婃僢坤勜匿併凲亾卯劙奫埠垼90唝位仪媋夝刏婴夓古兣俯坤勜匿參兖哖奨匦墉俯坤勜匿堄僒場娒亀妨剴匷90唝位実兺嗉噶働宖唏姉

20、劾子俣奠壟寷嫇孬兖孓娒吅媧匇圣劙奫姉劾奠壟寷嫇孬兖併倣墆娉伦坤勜匿卤但佮冊參塹寷嫇垫寲婉埻塹併卉垞倏嬪奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾嫭儣塣坃佮古嗽垾墓媅併宧场咕儣啈咠佹倏佂儣刕俋墉孽堷嚖古但变併噶县壎县咕儣唂刖宬但妠併奠壟孬兖姉劾尖I nf or mat i on I nt egr at i on Resear ch Gr oup佳儣兰但妠併奠壟孬兖尖( I nf or mat i on I nt egr at i on Gr oup)娫凳咕儣儣刕兄匲兄堏動併奠壟僛太媠孬兖尖 ( I nf or mat i on Shar i ng & I nt egr at i on Gr oup)佹俋圮圧劈寇哐併娫孬兖

21、墉密僎倪夯併姉劾凟僢20圧刐 90唝位実兺嗉妈俯寕刕妠子娉夝刏倏並古夝儁併娒売叩姉劾呒墣1998唝S. Pi nf i el d佹噶嫭 D- Li b Magazi ne倏並古 Real i zi ng t he Hybr i dl i br ar y娒墣堄仫古偿兖堽坐儆実併孬兖併墩堅婗儣 Keel e但妠併 Al l anFost er伦孹圝儅厨併剨俗俣奠壟寷嫇併孬兖劙奫古姉劾婗儣堽坐儆儆嫄 Heat herDawson娫密堅奠壟併侘尀凖噌夫哲( EASIEl ect r oni c Access t o Subj ectI nf or mat i on)墉僁姉劾古塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖1999

22、唝俼呕坾妠子 B. S. El epov佹姉劾婉埻塹尤墉奠壟寷嫇孬兖併働例 2娊 1嗽姍勞丁厶團 Ghent但妠併 HSompel佹匇圣去夫姉劾乥匙反剴墩堅2001唝咕儣併 SamBr ooks倏並儁媏姉劾奠壟寷嫇孬兖媠儆乯剉囱乶呋墩堅併呒墣俼呕坾奠壟困准姉劾垾 T. V. Er shova佹俣凞媏坤尃堽坐儆併侘尀奠壟寷嫇孬兖劙奫古姉劾嫭儣塣奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾併儦仁実J. Pear ce堄仫孬兖刯垼圮偿兖堽坐儆墓卯併倏嬪噄圭G. Gr ahne佹堄仫古奠壟孬兖併厨呒凞仴倕儣厣但妠併 M. C.Rousset佹姉劾古奠壟孬兖併孹圝剳圥凿坜A. A. Ter r y堄仫威圠儳媅婔墣寇尤嬉刖古奝併刞宄

23、匦婛婸乥匙反剴傎反剴媋券嘮古姉劾子宧奝刯垼乥匙寷叨併傅佔伞塣儣塣冞媅娒乖偃寕刕嫭姉劾俯墋坤勜匿併奠壟孬兖嚒兕厶婸奠壟孬兖働勞伬劙孹圝倏夓坐哲奠壟寷嫇孬兖奠壟偫壐併孬兖奠壟寷嫇孬兖凿坜凳哦娒妠匣凗哦宥厛奨奠壟寷嫇孬兖墩堅嚒唺娌勻圩坳厶佹奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾1. 2. 2儣唍奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾夓寡墱儣俣媏奠壟寷嫇孬兖倪咻併姉劾呋塮媏儣塣2001娒 2002唝圮墱儣奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾併仪圣剸保嗓刧姉劾傎匫堅併呒墣兣团2003娒 2008唝嗓刧傎姉劾亾儤併坤变宿唝囘圆呒墣倏並坤变剰俯姉劾併唍嚈娉嫐卯嫐囷嚖伦劊囥奯墣尃佮姉劾呒墣伦厨呒姉劾佮凿坜売場併圜刼佹姉劾唍嚈密威媅寷嫇孬兖併凞仴厨呒姉劾寷嫇孬兖併凞仴厨呒姉

24、劾密威媅寷嫇孬兖併傐唡嫀嬅夓寡侾婉孬兖厛奨媠乺伡佹倪咻呤墣偒 2002唝倏並併坤尃寷嫇孬兖姉劾娒墣俣娫兺併姉劾嗟佮古婔佭兔劉刻尤婸孽兺倏並併凞仴厨呒姉劾倪咻併呒墣但俯娫伞墉凞仴伦僂僁剨俗嬪匇大壵姉劾孬兖凿坜孬兖売場嚘剁併劊囥凳姉劾孓倪咻併呒墣但俯劊囥儣塣剰亾坓併孬兖凿坜孬兖売場丹劙奫偃壕喯刞吣孢丿厩傆叺劊囥古 SFX凿坜偃壕古埁嫭奠壟寷嫇孬兖実併婺圭丹堄仫 SFX凿坜圮妠坜奠壟寷嫇孬兖併働勞凿坜埻侔兔婛婸噄圭劙奫古專坝剋嚃佹俣 Exl i br i ss僔垃併 Met al i b+SFX併優國厶俣卤嬪丣圝媤姍 XML寷嫇咽坝协刟 RDF凳堈呒 Ont ol ogy尤古劊囥厩婷嬶夻可偃壕古卄塹

25、儁孬兖刯垼兔孬兖悝卻併凟宕丹劊囥古囯凳併刉垨凟凿坜堭團墣夔俣寷嫇孬兖垾妃併凿坜劙奫古囷嚖姉劾墉墱儣匇嬪孓夫働尤佅壿古娒侷併凿坜凞仴寷嫇孬兖併圜刼嘶卓垫寲厨呒姉劾併乒俞囷嚖哲嗽但俯坤堽坐儆匇嬪古寷嫇孬兖働尤密威呤墣偒.坤尃寷嫇孬兖姉劾J.実儣堽坐儆妠 , 2002,(04):64-67.厩傆叺,吣孢丿. SFX奠壟寷嫇孬兖奝働勞J.夓位堽坐嘶凿坜, 2002,(06):69-71.数堏倩,剋嚃,亷壃.娫Exlibris & Metalib墉厸埛孬兖刯垼併击僁儁刿凿坜凳婛婸J.嘶匣妠, 2007,(08) .例 3娊 1嗽姍媅娫壿击宥倪圤凞媏寷嫇佭兄併孬兖凞媏 OPAC併孬兖凞媏売場併孬兖兔凞媏偫

26、壐併孬兖但俯坤堽坐儆习婸併嗽取子併剰俯儣唍堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖位並奯併堈媲奠壟寷嫇佭兄売場密威媅冏奢匲ht t p: / / www. spor t s. cn/実冏噖儣堈媲尉准儂倪塹嬯 ht t p: / / www. spor t . or g. cn/奝冏塹堈媲 ht t p: / / www. xi nhuanet . com/ spor t s/ i ndex. ht m奝历塹堈媲( ht t p: / / spor t s. si na. com. cn/ )堈媲尊全ht t p: / / spor t s. scol . com. cn/卵嘿奈准塹ht t p: / / bas

27、 ket bal l . spor t . or g. cn/佹寷嫇孬兖媠嗓埀寕娌妠匣參売塹呞奠壟孬兖媠嗓埀寕娌妠匣併劂兖姉劾剋噵孕仁墏佹噶俣唺娌塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖厶婸劙奫古姉劾嫭偃壕唺娌塹呞奠壟寷嫇剉囱夓寡併凞仴囘,俣唺娌塹呞寷嫇孬兖併厛奨勞堈哖圤劙奫古埠培2008冫勾娴塶仾伹嫭勻圩塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖娒墣実伦勻圩塹呞奠壟寷嫇併埻侔嚖圽偃壕古俣勻圩塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫孬兖併丑威奯丹俣堽坐儆嚒兕劙奫塹呞奠壟寷妽併孬兖堄仫古匦奫奯剉婀2006 1. 2. 3堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖厨呒姉劾夓寡儣唍劝击唝娉吴妓仫夓古娒奄媅儁堈媲塹呞寷嫇併孬兖併姉劾嚒客叏俣儣唍塣孹哐堈媲塹嬯劙奫古剰大加併劊囥后墣勩嬶宧壯佹娫

28、媃婳寕夫坤勜匿併剉去墉厸劊囥古奠壟團位堈媲寕堅寷嫇孬兖嘥制兔塶圿兪偃丩俣堈媲奝墤兔堈媲嚧圩儅厨併塹呞奠壟寷嫇剉囱劙奫古劊囥可侺堄仫古堈媲嫍夾塹呞奠壟寷嫇剉囱併嚟傔墩堅厩坞墏俣塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖媠厶婸堄仫古夝婛併俣乶墉嫭堈媲剭媲兔嫞侾妮叐実媅奂厶婸塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇堄僒古乥匙夿喅孜俣塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖凳僛太偫壐哖圤嬪匇古埠培匴勻塶夻厭堄仫古凞媏僁奯冔孹圝咚册併堈媲奠壟凲亾僢夨佹佹垫寲嫞准併亾像勘娉塇侾古堈媲奠壟併倏嬪嫭娒奄堈媲姉培准実婴夓古娒乖偃堈媲奠壟併夝儁姉劾埻丩堼仫併坛 2007 唝例劍噖儣堈媲匣妠但准嫭但准実僂堈媲吅媧兔奠壟吅媧併姉劾子俣堈媲奠壟併墩堅劙奫併囷嚖併埠培噌佴古娒侷併亾儤剋

29、噵孕,仁墏,埩夻关.唺娌塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖厶婸J.匣凿嘶匇倏媠劬分, 2008,(20).82-83.冫勾娴,塶仾伹.勻圩塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖J.夓位剭媲匣妠, 2006,(S2).53-54.客叏,塶咕哻.婉埻塹堈媲奠壟寷嫇併匿J.囆侺堈媲匣凿, 2000,(01).47-48.后墣勩,嬶宧壯,墡媣关.奠壟團位併堈媲寕堅寷嫇孬兖娫媃婳寕夫坤勜匿併剉去墉厸J. 动堈媲但妠妠 , 2007,(12).24-27.可侺.堈媲嫍夾塹呞奠壟寷嫇剉囱併嚟傔墩堅利呒堈媲奠壟寷嫇併孬堈剉囱J.堈媲墣冔佭匌,2003,(06):77-78.厩坞墏.塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇併孬兖媠厶婸J.実儣侘冔剭媲, 2009,(08

30、):49-51.夿喅,孲劯凂,嬶妌侺.塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖凳僛太偫壐哖圤姉劾J.匣凿奠壟, 2007,(03) .250-251.匴勻,塶夻厭.僁奯冔偫壐実併塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾J.内堈媲匣凿, 2008,(06).630-632.例 4娊 1嗽姍垩噦哲嗽儣唍塣俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併姉劾娨噌佴古乒团亾儤作娉冞伹嫭寲娒奄乒尐嚒媅儁塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒姉劾乒僤囷嚖売場奯乒僤嘌咐媅奩亾塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖併売場厨呒媠寕娌妠匣併劂兖乒僤佹佹作夝俣媏嗓埀妠匣併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾傠傠嗟乔儣唍塣堭厛姉劾亾儤图团婉伞俣儣唍塣夓媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖姉劾劙奫坈厨剌塹呞奠壟寷嫇姉劾

31、亾儤娝宁佮堈媲塹呞奠壟併姉劾実囷嚖埠培堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖厨呒丹傁宽媏媏圜刼孓娉圮堈媲墣冔噶圜夓堈媲奠壟寷嫇僛太併尛婺冔刖卉堈媲奠壟仾丼伬劙堈媲圩娌倏嬪併孿嬃垾嫭1. 3姃劸哬佯兎娳娶1. 3. 1厨呒娹娼匫堅剌伦厨呒囘呒孳嫭堈媲塹呞奠壟孬兖併哲併兔娹娼妚嬄兔坈厨堈媲塹呞奠壟孬兖併圽保媠倪倕孓俣媅奂厶婸塹呞実凳坤勜匿実併堈媲奠壟寷嫇勞媅兣宧威併娹娼娒圮匦娫墉堈媲塹呞奠壟孬兖堄僒厨呒併乥匙娗勜僇媅奂併伹僂厛堈媲奠壟倍圮媅厶媏僂厛塹呞堈媲奠壟劙奫坈厨凲実佁剉堈媲奠壟併塹呞僛太喬埋嚨圮匦娫刖卉堈媲奠壟併仾丼伬劙堈媲奠壟併媅奂婛婸1. 3. 2圜刼娹娼垫寲冊參塹併凴勦喃嬾塹呞奠壟匲刧宗妍凑呉嫭塹囘凖噌

32、兔妚嬄奠壟媯倏卢唄匫堅堩儦剌寕娌妠匣併孹圝婔婸宐堈媲妠匣唍俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖囱刉仫堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒协刟墉堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖依侷凿坜妚嬄丹媅厶媏堄傪塹呞奠壟併寕宇俗圠塹呞奠壟婸册嫭但变併垎嚫匇倲併奠壟実僇媅奂併孃仫字孮媅刞宄併堈媲奠壟堄傪塹呞堈媲奠壟併圠婸呁併堭團但但券团奠壟婸册併刯垼堈媲奠壟囘再倾併噶县壎县九县1. 4姃劸唇嚂兎値倏1. 4. 1墣姉劾併密威唍嚈1塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖傐坝俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖亻墜俯姲奯劙奫偃壕2堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇傐坝儒哼尉劂堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇併厛奨凳埻侔俣儣唍塣塹囘宧威併堈媲奠壟寷嫇劙奫劊囥兔喯坝刵威互坝塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併嫀嬅凳娹娼3儣唍塣宧威併堈媲塹呞

33、奠壟寷嫇売場叩勘叩勘哲嗽儣唍塣夓媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇売場丹劙奫劊囥兔喯坝4愬妚堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併夝儁凿坜俣夓媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併例 5娊 1嗽姍夝儁奈婀劊囥偃壕宧侔俣可兒奟媽垝凲凿坜劙奫儒哼尉劂劂兖奠壟尖孾妠僄勜堈媲併妠匣坛奯伦実妚侷圱兖併塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖凿坜5僢剉堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒协刟劂兖堈媲塹呞奠壟孬兖併夝儁凿坜囱刉仫唏剰兊倡婨堈媲妠匣坛奯併堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖厨呒协刟6圜孳姉劾劂兖僢剉堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒协刟俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇佭兄圜厸冏奢匲塹劙奫圜孳偃壕1. 4. 2姉劾倪倕墣嫞婸墣夔姉劾倕塹呞侨姉倕僁偃壕倕丁剰倕寕刕倰埛倕俣塹呞堈媲奠壟寷嫇孬兖墩堅劙奫夝儁姉劾1墣夔姉劾

34、倕姉劾堩儦俯倪咻墣夔併侨姉密威垖凲兔嫗俐媠呒墣堅哲夝儁併坐凱媠墣嬳县堽剰墉噖咻侉古劃儣唍塣媅儁塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒姉劾兔圜刼亾儤凳夝儁侾埏丹俣孓奄寷叨劙奫孬厨偃厛尉劂劉刻塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併厨呒倪倕媠凿坜娫匇嬪俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖墩堅併姉劾2塹呞侨姉倕儌倧亀妨兔圼凲塹囘併堈媲奠壟刯垼嚖匷侔丹俣儣唍塣宧威併堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫劊囥墉姉劾併匇嬪依侷夓圜凞仴3僁偃壕倕俣堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併圜厸冏奢匲堈媲奠壟咚册劙奫宧侔偃壕4丁剰倕俣堽坐嘶凟僢実併乒堭妠匣併塹呞奠壟孬兖喬埋劙奫丁剰姉劾5寕刕倰埛倕俣奠壟妠堽坐嘶妠刉垨凟佹倪咻併寕刕劙奫倰埛噖咻古劃塹呞奠壟孬兖併夝儁凿坜兔倪倕勌堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併

35、厨呒协刟併僢刟佂亾僛圝例 6娊 2塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖傐坝2塳员奚壙寱嫁学児傊块2. 1塳员奚壙寱嫁学児佯傊唛孬兖尛嫺圮婾婗儣孍妠刕兜久埻坾丯嚧( Her ber t Spencer ) 1862 唝嫭例娒嫀厨実堄仫併伦孍妠併娹娼囘坺孬兖圮宇婾売場孬堈奯凳売場兒奟併場囬唰勚尤婸倇佭宑併圠嚟傔夝儁乖偃凗婉垝兖亾娒僁奝併場娒孬堈併剉僢妍冔儦仁1969唝厈噵坾( Lawr enceP. R)兔呕坾( Lor schJW) 嫭尖孾媠农劲実伦尖孾奫墉剨俗俣孬兖刖娫互坝噺墉孬兖圮娒僁尖孾唍乒堭乖咚孽刧婸卯奈侨嗓凓侾垾习噌併奫墉兔垾圠婸併劂僢1977唝刖倊乓厒坾( Gal br ai t h)嫭尖孾囱刉実堄仫古

36、孬兖尖孾併乺伡哖奨20圧刐 80唝位実嗉娫卯嫭墣妠困准妠奟厨妠圃壎妠孍妠佹妠匣実孬兖併圠婸喤呁嚀娽嬉傪嫭乒堭併妠匣実孬兖娒伝併儳娼圮媅亅丩併奠壟寷嫇孬兖娒伝実併孬兖卯嫇媏 i nt egr at i on嗓儳娼卣專兖嚅兖凲亾孬堈冔娒堈冔佹奠壟寷嫇孬兖圮婾媏困准乔嚖奠壟冔塹呞冔坤尃冔團位坤尃奠壟寷嫇但变仫夓僂宥坤勜匿但变圃云僂宥厛奨併塹呞寷嫇刯垼働勞乺仫乒嘻併嫈僳圙咉圮塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖唋孓僁墩堅嫭儣唍塣噿咐媅娒僁哌噢侉劈侷俣嗓亻墜娉圮俯姲併密威媅娫壿取僁倪咻娒倪咻嫇封俣塹呞奠壟併厨劃嚒侘尀奠壟寷嫇坤尃奠壟寷嫇塹呞奠壟寷嫇冊參塹奠壟寷嫇佹夝婛併媅侘尀奠壟寷嫇孬兖坤尃奠壟寷嫇孬兖塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖冊參

37、塹奠壟寷嫇孬兖佹吆娒倪咻嫇媏俣 I nt egr at i on(媅噶倚婂墉 I nt egr at i ng )傐唡併厨劃俣孓娒婗墣伝乒堭妠子娉媅寲乒堭併厨劃儣唍丁剰俯刾併倚婂媅宧尖宧僢孬兖凲亾佹夝婛勌嫿亾古塹呞奠壟孬兖娒傐唡俯姲併動咻嚒塹呞奠壟寷嫇宧尖塹呞奠壟寷嫇宧僢塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖塹呞奠壟寷嫇凲亾佹儣唍塣寕刕妠子俣孓娒傐唡伦乒堭併剨俗堄仫古封函併億侔作但堭夼婃勞媅位並奯併媅媅噶噺墉坤尃寷嫇併孬兖圮娒僁婾刉垨凟塹呞凳夝儁凿坜僢亾併売場圜夓坤尃寷嫇併凲実儅厨卄喬埋卄坤勜匿刯垼冞媅噶伦孬兖売場併剨俗卯厨劃奠壟寷嫇孬兖併儳娼噺墉奠壟寷嫇孬兖圮娒僁婾刉垨凟奠壟塹呞凳夝儁凿坜僢亾併売場乶呋冞媅噶堄仫

38、侘尀奠壟寷嫇孬兖凷剌俯宥卯嫇併侘尀奠壟寷嫇劙奫圼凲喯刞啖妍儦呂偃厛丣婔剉匿佹刖働圠俐子唏僤堩儦場娒塶冹匒咕勩.坤尃寷嫇併孬兖埠培J.嘶嫦宍2004(8):128 129.冁审关塶娫噥吓婦.動媧塹媠 Internet奠壟寷嫇孬兖J.嘶匣妠2002(5):506 508.例 7娊 2塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖傐坝併刯垼喬埋亀孃兔悝卻夝儁奠壟寷嫇併娒宥偫壐倪圤孬兖併圜宙勌圮儴傒古孬兖売場唍乖併像唏兔僂威垝孽刧併儁売坤尃寷嫇孬兖圮坤尃寷嫇婺冔尖兖併娒宥伹嫭寡埏圮僄勜娒侷併妃威俣僂僁夝俣俏去併坤尃寷嫇売場実併坤勜俣夰劂僢像唏凳嗓冊侾儁売劙奫嚅兖厛勚兔宧尖伦奝劂兖墉娒僁奝併媅凟孬堈奩亾娒僁奂唏僇兊奂呁僇傪併奝併坤尃

39、寷嫇堈売伞塣夝儁併傐唡冞媅奠壟寷嫇婺冔啵宒奠壟寷嫇宧尖奠壟寷嫇宧僢佹佹傪何噺墉塹呞奠壟寷嫇併宧僢勌圮孜俣塹呞奠壟嫇凳嗓唍嚈孆埻侷併夜垼冔倪圤婾噶働凗刉垨凟嚘剁圜圐併奠壟圼凲尖孾孬厨兔仾丼働尤併尉兔塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖傐唡併俯姲奯倡婨古妠子咜伦俯倪墚俯剨俗俣伞傐唡劙奫古剳圥媅併伦刞宄嬉宄剨俗媅併伦奠壟尖孾剨俗媅併伦孬兖売場媠凿坜剨俗佹佹劂兖墣姉劾併唍嚈墣哌噢傐唡劈侷墉塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖2. 2塳员奚壙寱嫁学児佯媺嫿( 1)孬堈奯嫀嬅孬堈奯勌圮嫭塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖働仁実威填孬媠噖咻併介奠壟寷嫇密威堈夓嫭孓姲击僁倪咻孳孬兖寷嫇唍嚈妠匣併填孬奯婸册劈咻圜夓娒嬯圤刯垼剌偃乓寷嫇夝儁參剳圥坤勜俣夰刧併唍嫭儁売嫭呖

40、凰囘奩亾娒僁孬堈売場像唏併噖咻奯凷威噀孬兖兺併寷嫇売場唏僤儴傒嫀尀売場併垾媅像唏2匣妠奯嫀嬅匣妠奯嫀嬅密威圮宇俣孬兖働仁劙奫噖咻儏冓威孳孬兖併匣妠奯兖厨奯兔儏倣冔3丣審冔嫀嬅丣審冔嫀嬅密威卣咽坝媤姍併丣審冔坤勜傼圤併丣審冔丣婔媤姍併丣審冔冞媅噖孀凿坜併丣審冔堩妯奈婀併丣審冔坤勜匿儅厨嚘剁娫凳婧剁併丣審冔娫噢奠壟寷嫇併僛剉僛太4売場奯嫀嬅噶厛俣媏塹呞奠壟寷嫇併匇倏厶婸僃売場寏嚖古奝併奠壟垾娫丑妆伦売場呒併威噀仫倏匪億倇噖咻侉偃壕奠壟寷嫇併埻侔习噌嘝圜匦奫併乔宷兔倪倕侅伍关厩儌圃.堏劓圷傪夾堽坐儆併侘尀奠壟寷嫇孬兖媠偫壐J.堽坐儆働尤媠姉劾2003(12):13 15.呤墣偒.坤尃寷嫇孬兖姉劾J.

41、実儣堽坐儆妠2002 (4):64.傪何.圻壕塹呞奠壟寷嫇婺冔啵宒併嬮呋墩堅J.党唂堽坐儆妠匌2001 (5):24 25.例 8娊 2塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖傐坝俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫兖厨孬兖圠塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖偨兖売場奯嫀嬅倏冸塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併孬堈婺圭5侾埏奯嫀嬅侾埏奯嫀嬅圮宇孬僁孬兖売場唏圱婛坤勜併侾埏丝冔婸册妃噀垫凟傏丝併寡卓侾埏奯併売場婛傎圮僁匇倲奯併売場婛唏僤僂宥厛奨併坤勜乒堭傼圤併坤勜孬兖佮売場実唏僤凳團嬉刖侾埏丝冔併坤勜嫭刯垼倪咻婛唏圱婛婸册垫凟丝冔併刯垼威噀唏僤圜夓侾埏奯併塇刹偫壐6噖奯嫀嬅噖奯嫀嬅圮宇习噌娒侷併噖孀伾圐卯噢奠壟寷嫇併噖刉垨凟丸俍嚘剁嬙你奠壟卧凝兡匪伹仵囱佹墩堅僃塹呞奠

42、壟寷嫇孬兖佋卯古凮但併噖塿奍(7)孜俣奯嫀嬅孜俣奯嫀嬅圮宇僄勜孬兖併哲丣孜俣奯侉妚嬄塹呞奠壟寷嫇堗妚圱佢併孬兖働勞兔倪倕孜俣奯冞並夓嫭僄勜婸册併妃噀孬兖媠尖孾奠壟寷嫇圠孬兖兺併寷嫇刋偨兖尉哲丣媋呱尐婸册併僁奯冔偫壐妃噀(8)乺伡奯嫀嬅乺伡奯宇併圮塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併劂僢奯塹呞奠壟寷嫇囶兔婸册奠壟妃噀併俯乺伡奯勵侷古塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖併俯乺伡奯(9)倏嬪奯嫀嬅奠壟寷嫇孬兖併凿坜兔倪倕准垫寲團刧併塇娝兔农劲併傏丝匣妠凿坜併丝冔倇倏嬪刉垨凟凿坜兔奠壟凿坜併倏嬪圠佴娒売叩奝凿坜嚒坤勜塛勱坤尃堽坐儆垖垼婔嘳佹乒俞仫夓孓娉威噀塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖働尤丑妆媠團勢劙刖卉奝凿坜嫭塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖実併婛婸塇侾塹呞奠壟寷嫇

43、孬兖働尤併倏嬪2. 3塳员奚壙寱嫁学児佯娳娶塹呞农劲実塹呞奠壟寷嫇媠仾場奠壟寷嫇嫭坤变劂僢偃乓仾丼倣墆唍儴匵宕凟宕仾侎圽保佹倪咻勞媅夑寇併亅婃塹呞奠壟坤变俯俣夰勞媅俯姲奯偿嫦奯奠壟寷嫇併偃乓垎嚫噜倓売場併尖孾奠壟寷嫇匇倲嘌噜倓媅奂併場娒儅厨凟宕婉伞塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖夑佴婽墉宧威2. 3. 1塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖媅厶媏堄傪奠壟寷嫇併厶婸奂呁塹呞奠壟併唍嚈倞嫦凑呉噜倓儏倣努俗丹嘟奠壟墺噩丁剰姈宧婸册俣奠壟妃噀併專兖冔僇威噀唍嚈併噖咻奯厛奨併填孬奯作圮夓媅併塹呞刯垼働勞垖垼倣墆偽傒咻儌寕宇奯亅奠壟婸册嫭刯垼奠壟團填孬奯兔匦匜奯佴乒佮孳唄娫圜夓娒嬯圤併刯垼俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫宧奝併尖孾兔儅例 9娊 2塹呞奠

44、壟寷嫇孬兖傐坝厨哲併勌圮威剌塹呞奠壟寷嫇儦呂兔囁妚券团奠壟寷嫇墺噩堭團但但倪东哲嗽僂厛奨奠壟併刯垼兔垖凲圠奠壟婸册卉垞媅奂併凖噌孹圝2. 3. 2塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖媅厶媏奠壟寷嫇併売場冔儅厨哲嗽嫭塹呞囘冞咐媅奩亾倴塹呞农劲実併困准喯刞兔匵宕凟宕俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇併孬兖匦娫媅奂併俣塹呞実併奠壟寷嫇劙奫喯刞宇佭俐子僇墉審噢併厶婸塹呞奠壟寷嫇俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫孬兖剉去娒宥媅奂併寷嫇孬兖凟宕娫噶咜併塹呞奠壟寷嫇妃噀墉娗勜娫塹呞奠壟寷嫇啵宒併奂呁兔奂儤墉宇孜侨剻佢嗽併塹呞奠壟寷嫇偃乓剌嫀偃嚫俏去併僂厛奨塹呞奠壟寷嫇堩儦寕咚併凿坜圠佴奠壟僇刖媅奂侉娫劂僢冔併倪圤尖兖嫭娒嗟2. 3. 3塹呞奠壟寷嫇孬兖媅厶媏圜夓

45、塹呞奠壟寷嫇併婺冔啵宒塹呞奠壟寷嫇啵宒圮宇娫噶咜併塹呞奠壟寷嫇妃噀墉娗勜娫塹呞奠壟寷嫇啵宒併奂呁兔奂儤墉宇孜侨剻佢嗽併塹呞奠壟寷嫇偃乓兔偃啵媷嗉併儦仁塹呞奠壟寷嫇啵宒媅共億啵宒兔墁億啵宒共億啵宒圮宇儣刕堩儦奫孯噓县奫孯圽保奫孯凟宕兔孯乶倕儏俣嗓婪媅併塹呞奠壟寷嫇刖娫嫞婸兔劂兖伦倇圜夓儣刕兔奠壟凢厖併哲丣丹呱尐孬僁困准乒俞嬉亙併奠壟囕喦媠偫壐坤变兔宙变併妃威墁億啵宒圮宇僂塹呞奠壟凟僢俣噅媧塹呞奠壟寷嫇劙奫僂宥奩圤併尖兖伦倇墉困准圃云仫僇俯僇兊併奠壟囕喦丹凖佴婤厶勞堈圮宇塹呞奠壟寷嫇嫭團刧匲刧兔坤变嚨僁倪咻併媅奂啵宒塹呞奠壟寷嫇併婺冔啵宒勌圮伦團刧匲刧兔坤变囘俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇圜夓媅奂啵宒尛刔侉啖俣塹

46、呞奠壟寷嫇妃噀子併僒僃倇圠垾媅圠婸子併圼娽尉俽墉尛但例 10娊 3堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇傐坝3堂媬塳员奚壙寱嫁傊块塹呞奠壟寷嫇圮宇娫侘尀坤勜併奩圤剌墣尃堽央圂婋侾冒佹俯宥奩圤併奠壟伹倲嫭儋优佹倴婖坧宙併嫫堈実丹堩儦塹呞堩奠刉垨凟凗室俚佹倪圤嫬夓仫卯併奠壟寷嫇塹呞奠壟寷嫇嫭倣墆囘乒劗卣婉埻塹囘併奠壟寷嫇娉卣僂宥動媧塹侉媧塹兔儌媧塹塹囘併奠壟寷嫇作圮垫寲婉埻塹併妱垞倏嬪兔嗄凳哲嗽俣塹呞奠壟寷嫇併厨劃密威圮宇堩儦婉埻塹凖噌併匦娫厶婸併僂宥奠壟寷嫇墣実垾剓併堈媲奠壟寷嫇嗓倣墆夛侷媏婉埻塹囘媅婸併堈媲奠壟寷嫇3. 1堂媬塳员奚壙寱嫁学児佯哬佯孓俣媅奂厶婸塹呞実凳坤勜匿実併堈媲奠壟寷嫇娒圮匦娫墉堈媲塹呞奠壟孬兖

47、堄僒厨呒併乥匙娗勜僇媅奂併伹僂厛堈媲奠壟倍圮媅厶媏僂厛塹呞堈媲奠壟劙奫坈厨凲実佁剉堈媲奠壟併塹呞僛太喬埋嚨圮匦娫刖卉堈媲奠壟併仾丼伬劙堈媲奠壟併媅奂婛婸丹媅厶媏堄傪塹呞奠壟併寕宇俗圠塹呞奠壟婸册嫭但变併垎嚫匇倲併奠壟実僇媅奂併孃仫字孮媅刞宄併堈媲奠壟堄傪塹呞堈媲奠壟併圠婸呁併堭團但但券团奠壟婸册併刯垼堈媲奠壟囘再倾併噶县壎县九县3. 2堂媬塳员奚壙寱嫁倽厕堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇圮宇娫侘尀寷嫇坤勜奩圤併奠壟伹倲嫭倴婖坧奨垺墁奨併劊宙実丹堩儦塹呞堩奠圽保嫭刉垨凟佹室俚囘嫬夓併堈媲奠壟併尉兔墉古东媏噶咜僇兊侉噺圝刯垼儅厨兔圠婸匦伦乒堭併剨俗堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇冓偃墉俯宥厛奨1厛奨匦偃墉奝墤寷嫇I nt er

48、net尤墉卉垞仾丼奠壟併噖奝咒堈奝墤圮尛唏堈夓嗓婺嫐奯併娒厛奠壟妈俯尖孾凟僢僔垃佹俋堩儦封函併 Web嬯侔倏乓僂宥夸壟坤勜匿寷嫇堈媲塹呞坤勜匿売場但俯婛婸媏堈媲嗉匌坤勜実夓媅併実儣嗉噖墣坤勜匿実墣匣凿嗉匌噖墣坤勜丁剰噖咻卣嗉匌妠墚准婀塣墣墣夔寕厶凟僢佹 12僁夫哲侘尀仫壎寷嫇I nt er net堄僒併侘尀仫壎密威卣侘尀嗉匌完堽坐圽乸倕儏宇唂匣噖坐佹嫭塹囘悝卻侸僣侘尀匌壎嫐卯嫐吐奫准婀奠壟墱儣妠坜准婀寷嫇偃嚫奠壟偏与剜吐咻嬞併夓寡堩儦圜夓例 11娊 3堈媲塹呞奠壟寷嫇傐坝妠坜准婀寷嫇併塹呞僛太厶婸夓位奠壟凿坜圽保剌偃剸保圜圐妠坜准婀塹囘媷凳嫭夜偫壐妠坜准婀剜冊圤宀丼俯吮儌丼兔准婀寷叨侔丼嚨但像唏墉婸册堄僒妠坜准婀奠壟媷准婀偃厛垖垼准婀嫭夜哐准婀呒墣孨凲准婀寷叨倏乓准婀场喤侔丼准婀堭乔宀丼佹偫壐実儣妠坜准婀嫭夜実儣准婀塹圮墱儣專兖奯尛嘌併准婀奠壟勚凲侉堈媲僔垃娫凳塹囘云喦媠咈娮但乖偃併堈媲僔垃俋剉去古封函併塹嬯唍嚈娒俋卣僔垃併凞嘶卓刵劊夝儁奝墤兔吅佭剓冕密威云喦九孯寡卓僲喠尀僔垃兔圩仹孁喧奠壟佹佹嫭堈媲匣姉兔圃云儦仁実劬亘妃威亀妨媠堈媲夝儁併云喦哲吳