分析哲学与大陆哲学的划分.ppt

1、The Continental / Analytic Divide,The Analytic / Continental Divide,What is the distinction between Analytic and Continental philosophy? Two approaches to the question: 1. Historical 2. Systematic,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Warning: Category conflation Continental - Geography Analytic -Method

2、 However: Analytic & Continental are used,The Analytic / Continental Divide,OVERVIEW: Part 1: History of Distinction Part 2: Systematic Analysis of Distinction CONCLUSIONS:,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Part 1: History of the distinction “Kant . . . final great figure common to both analytic and

3、 Continental traditions” (CCCP, p. 1),The Analytic / Continental Divide,The Analytic / Continental Divide,The Analytic/Continental distinction is a product of analytic, not Continental philosophy!,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Two part characterization:“What distinguishes analytical philosophy,

4、in its diverse manifestations, from other schools is the belief, first, that a philosophical account of thought can be attained through a philosophical account of language, and, secondly, that a comprehensive account can only be so attained”(Dummett, 1993),The Analytic / Continental Divide,Frege was

5、 the grandfather of analytical philosophy, Husserl the founder of the phenomenological school, two radically different philosophical movements . . . remarkably close in orientation . . . They may be compared with the Rhine and the Danube, which rise quite close to one another and for a time pursue r

6、oughly parallel courses, only to diverge in utterly different directions and flow into different seas(Dummett, 1993),The Analytic / Continental Divide,Analytic philosophers make notoriously bad historians . . . NOT Frege/Husserl (ca. 1905) BUT Bentham/Coledridge (ca. 1780) Opposition in philosophica

7、l task: Bentham: ask, is it true? Coleridge: ask, whats its significance?,The Analytic / Continental Divide,History of Analytic movement: Frege, Russel, Moore, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Putnam, Quine, and Olaf Mller “Analytic philosophy began with the arrival of Wittgenstein in Cambridge in 1912” (OCP,

8、1995),The Analytic / Continental Divide,Origins of Analytic Philosophy: From Frege through Russell & Wittgenstein to Vienna & Berlin,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Two related difficulties: 1) technical nature 2)historical context“”Continuity” had been, a vague word convenient for philosophers li

9、ke Hegel, who wished to introduce metaphysical muddles into mathematics. . . . . . . . . a great deal of mysticism, such as that of Bergson, was renderd antiquated” (Russell. 1945),The Analytic / Continental Divide,From analysis of arithmetic to the philosophy of logical analysis: all significant th

10、ought and discourse can be analyzed into elementary propositions that directly picture states of affairs,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Examples: 1. material objects sense-data 2. mental states behavioral dispositions,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Historical context of the movementRelativity

11、Theory space and time space-time matter events Psychologymind as mental mind as physical,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Philosophical problem-solving: e.g. existence since Platos Theaetetus “The golden mountain does not exist = “There is no entity c such that x is golden and mountainous is true w

12、hen x is c, but not otherwise”,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Philosophical Methods and Results like Science! “Since science in principle can say all that can be said there is no unanswerable question left.” (Schlick, 1918),The Analytic / Continental Divide,philosophy of logical analysis philosop

13、hy of language,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Ordinary Language Philosophy or Linguistic Philosophy(1945-1960, Austin, Ryle)“Philosophy is not one of the natural sciences . . . The result of philosophy is not a number of philosophical propositions, but to make propositions clear.”(Wittgenstein),T

14、he Analytic / Continental Divide,Carnap Quine(Late Wittgenstein) Contemporary Analytic philosophers:“think and write in the analytic spirit, respectful of science, both as a paradigm of reasonable belief and in conformity with its argumentative rigor, its clarity, and its determination to be objecti

15、ve” (OCP, 1995),The Analytic / Continental Divide,Who? When? What? Why? & Who cares? Anglo-American philosophers (ca. 1970) Analytic / Continental distinction is a professional self-description Distinguish philosophy from nonsense Study Abroad / Ridicule,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Part II: Sy

16、stematic Approach What is the distinction between analytic and Continental philosophy? What does this distinction between analytic and Continental philosophy mean? II.a) What does analytic mean? II.b) What does Continental mean? II.c) What distinguishes them?,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Analyt

17、ic philosophy is philosophical method II.a) What is Analysis? Analysis = decomposition,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Two experimental methods in chemistry:Chemical AnalysisChemical Synthesis,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Example of philosophical analysis: What is knowledge? A person P knows

18、that K if and only if 1. P believes that K 2. P is justified in believing that K 3. It is true that K. Knowledge decomposed into belief , justification & truth,The Analytic / Continental Divide,Multiple forms of philosophical analysis Examples: 1. analysis = explication explication = inexact concept