美国文学Hemingway课件.ppt

1、Ernest Heminway,1899-1961,1. stylists ,novelist, short-story writer and essayist; 2.Main achievement Style:economy and understatement, deceptively迷惑地simple prose style , the Nobel Prize in 1954. Stockholm protagonists are typically stoical坚忍的men who exhibit an ideal described as grace under pressure

2、.,Hemingways hometown is Oak Park, Illinois, nearby Chicago.,Hemingways life,Oak Park, Illinois, on July 21,1899. after high school , 1917 a journalist for the Kansas City Star. 2. Early in 1918 a Red Cross ambulance driver. A Farewell to Arms 3. 1919 in big cities, Chicago, Toronto and Paris. place

3、 close to nature 4. he went to Spain twice in the civil war in 1936-1937, For Whom the Bell Tolls. 5. World War , china, as a correspondent. in Cuba ,writing and fishing . The Old Man and Sea 6. On July 2 1961, suicide in Idaho,In baby dressCirca 1901,Portrait 1916,Lost Generation(1920S-1930S),A gro

4、up of expatriate American writers in Paris consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams. The group was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein, who, in a conversation with Hemingway, used an expression to refer

5、to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I (1914-1918) experiences and disillusioned with American society. as descriptive of the loss to them of traditional values as a result of the war and other large-scale social evils and fought hard to seek new values and beliefs to fill the void o

6、f the post-war world.,Hemingways Style, Theme and Code Hero,1.style: deceptively simple, clear. In anguage, colloquial language; In diction, focuses on nouns and verbs,short sentences and vigorous and positive language, than the gorgeous adjectives;In sentencs structure, coordinated clauses than sub

7、ordinated clauses . 2.Iceberg principle: only a very small amount of information is available or visible about a situation, whereas the real information or bulk is either unavailable or hidden. only about 1/10th of an icebergs mass is seen outside while about 9/10th of it is unseen, deep down in wat

8、er.,2.Heningways theme,“grace under pressure” created one hero who acts that theme out. Hemingways hero appears on the scene to learn to live in grace under pressure. a world of violence, disorder, violence, and death and learning the hard way about the world. He is a negative writer, he sees the wo

9、rld as “all a nothing” and “all nada”,Code Hero,1.despairing courage The hero knows that it must end in defeated, no matter how hard he strives against it , and engenders a sense of despair, but he possesses a kind of “despairing courage” 2.Dignity it is this courage that enables a man to behave lik

10、e a man, to assert his dignity in face of adversity. This is the essence of a code of honor in which all Hemingways heroes belive. 3. average man The hero is an average man of decidedly果断地masculine tastes, sensitive and intelligent, a man of action, and one of few words,4. His Works: The sun also Ri

11、ses, A Farwell to Arms ; For Whom the Bell Tolls; The Old Man and Sea,The narrator, Barnes is an American veteran of WWI who suffered physical injuries that have made him physiologically impotent, and unable to pursue a sexual relationship with Brett. Having lost direction of his life as a result of

12、 his experiences during the war. Lady Brett is the object of lust for most of the male characters of the book. Brett also lacks direction in life and finds emptiness in activities.Barns , Ashley, and Cohn are seen wondering pointlessly, restless and impotent , enjoying things like fishing, swimming,

13、 bullfight and the beauty of the nature but aware all the while that the world is meangless and futile.,The Sun Also Rises,A Farewell to Arms is a semi-autobiographical novel, the novel is told through the point of view of Lieutenant Henry, an American an ambulance driver in the Italian army during

14、World War. Henry goes to the war and discovers the insanity, by the death of his lover Catherine, Henry is completely disillusioned. And he is shocked into the realization that abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene. The novel caught the mood of the post-war generation.

15、,A Farewell to Arms,For Whom the Bell Tolls Based on Hemingways own experience, Robert Jordan is an American who travelled to Spain to assist the struggle against the forces of the Nationalist, Robert Jordan meets Mara, a young Spanish native whose life has been shattered by the outbreak of the war.

16、 The novel describes events which demonstrate the incredible brutality of civil war.,The Old Man and the Sea This parable old mans struggle with the natural world of his noble courage and endurance, tells of the Cuban fisherman Santiago, who for 84 luckless days has rowed his skiff into the gulf str

17、eam in quest of marlin.,alone. aged and solitary, he goes far out and hooks a great fish that tows拖, 曳his boat afternoon and night and into the next day as he pit his skill and wanting strength against it. As this second night turn to dawn he finally harpoons his catch, and makes his weary way home.

18、 but he was attacked by sharks and he fights them as best he can .When he makes land his marlin is but a skeleton. Proud in defeat, Santiago furls his sail and staggers to his home.,A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,At a sidewalk table of a Spanish cafe an old, deaf man sits drinking brandy late at night

19、as the two waiters discuss him, the older one with sympathy because he too is lonely, feaful, confident of nothing, and also in need of the security of a clean well-lighted place.,symbols,light and dark, the difference between this man and the young people physical darkness,darkness of reality. ligh

20、t represents any device man uses to distract himself from the darkness. The storys image of the lighted caf :nihilistic view of a world with no hope, no solace, no escap the deafness of the old man as an image of his separation from the rest of the world. the desperate emptiness of a life pointlessn

21、ess of life,Outline of the story: A story by Hemingway published in Winner Take Nothing.At a sidewalk table of a Spanish cafe an old, deaf man sits drinking brandy late at night as the two waiters discuss him, the older one with sympathy because he too is lonely, feaful, confident of nothing, and al

22、so in need of the security of a clean well-lighted place.,A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,OUR FATHER Our Father who art in HeavenHallowed be Thy name, Thy Kingdom come, Thy Will be done, On Earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, And forgive us our trespasses As we forgive those who

23、trespass against us, And lead us not into Temptation, but deliver us from evil. For Thine is the Kingdom , the Power and the Glory, Now and Forever, AMEN. Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada

24、us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada;,HAIL MARY 圣母经路加福音Hail Mary full of grace, The Lord is with Thee, Blessed art Thou amongst women, Blessed is the Fruit of Thy womb, Jesus AnHoly Mary, Mother of God, PRAY FOR US SINNERS, Now and in the hour of our de

25、ath, AMEN. “万福玛利亚，满被圣宠者，主与尔偕焉。女中尔为赞美，尔胎子耶稣并为赞美。“天主圣母玛利亚，为我等罪人，今祈天主，及我等死候。阿门。,我们在天上的父，愿人都尊你的名为姓 愿你的国降临 愿你的旨意行在地上如同行在天上 我们日用的食物，今日赐给我们 免去我们的债如同我们免去人的债 不要让我们遇到试探，救我们脱离罪恶 因为国度，权柄，荣耀全是你的，直到永远 阿门,可是，他知道一切都是虚无缥缈的，一切都是为了虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈，为了虚无缥缈。我们的虚无缥缈就在虚无缥缈中，虚无缥缈是你的名字，你的王国也叫虚无缥缈，你将是虚无缥缈中的虚无缥缈，因为原来就是虚无缥缈。给我们这个虚无缥缈吧

26、，我们日常的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈是我们的，我们的虚无缥缈，因为我们是虚无缥缈的，我们的虚无缥缈，我们无不在虚无缥缈中，可是，把我们打虚无缥缈中拯救出来吧；为了虚无缥缈。欢呼全是虚无缥缈的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈与汝同在。,The Pervading Metaphors,1.The clean, well-lighted place: To Hemingway, it was much more than the physical darkness that frightened himit was the symbolic darkness of reality. He believed the ul

27、timate purpose of life was to discover such a place to escape from the darkness of the worldthe dark truth that life is without truth or meaning 2.Light:(spiritual darkness) represents any device man uses to distract himself from the darkness. symbolizes Hemingways nihilistic view of a world with no

28、 hope, no solace安慰, no escape save that 只是man creates for himself. hope, comfort,3.Dark: darkness of the world, deaf hopelessness, loneliness, dread, nothing 4. Insomnia:失眠, 失眠症 Insomnia keeps the two awake through the hours of darkness, just as a tenacious顽强的life keeps the old man breathing when he

29、 would rather rest in his grave.,The caf: clean, well-lighted place. - shelter We will feel hopeless and lonely in the dark at night, but a little light can comfort us. Unfortunately for the old man, the light is artificial, and the comfort bought by the light in the caf is just temporary because th

30、e younger waiter drove him away.,Theme and Characters,1. Theme : there is no God, no meaning to this world, and man must consequently find something to distract himself from his horrible world. For the older waiter, a clean, well-lighted caf is such an escape. This is an artificial light, made by ma

31、n for man, yet it is the only way to step out of the darkness of reality: that life is filled with nothing meaningful.,2.Characters: Code hero: old man drunk, the old man isnt rude or unruly, but polite and well behaved. Despite the obvious hardships in his life , he doesnt lose his cool, but stays in control of himself, exhibiting grace under pressure. Such grace, Hemingway asserts, should be the goal