红楼梦文化比较与译者的文化取向.ppt

1、文化比较与译者的文化取向红楼梦杨宪益和霍克斯英译本比较研究,目前红楼梦有两部比较成功的英译本,一部为中国译者杨宪益(及其夫人戴乃迭) 所译 ,另一部为英国译者David Hawkes(及其女婿John Minford)所译。 按照著名翻译家Eugene Nida 对文化的划分,从五个方面对中英文化进行对比研究,分析译者在翻译中不同的文化取向及翻译策略。,一、宗教文化 贾瑞一把抓住,连叫“菩萨救我”。(第十二回) “Save me , Bodhisattva ! Save me !” “Holy one. Save me !”He cried out again and again. 很显然“,

2、 菩萨”是佛教用语,杨译保留了原作的文化涵义,而霍译则替换成基督教里指代“上帝”的“Holy one”。,世人都晓神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。(第一回) All men long to be immortals. Yet to riches and ranks each aspires. Men all know that salvation should be won, but with ambition wont have done.,二、生态文化 巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来。(第二十四回) Even the cleverest housewife cant cook a meal without

3、 rice. Even the cleverest housewife cant make bread without flour.,三、语言文化 1.修辞 红楼梦向来便以语言的丰富生动著称，其中又以修辞手法的运用为最集中的体现。如双关、仿词、飞白、避讳等。,红楼梦里所用的双关可以分为谐音双关和意义双关。我们主要讨论谐音双关。曹雪芹用了大量谐音双关的手段来为小说的主题服务，最明显的是人名。 “英汉语没有历史和文化联系，所以很难找到结构和意义都相同的双关语。”,真真是一对尤物，且又姓尤 You San-jie, you see: even the name makes her yours! Sh

4、e and her sister are really a pair of beauties.,凭他那个平姑娘，也得评个理。（第五十九回） If she is Miss patience, she will just have to be patient and listen to reason. Whichever Miss Ping-erh comes I must have justice.,2.语言与联想 在红楼梦这部作品中，文化意象的表现形式是多种多样的，它可以是一种植物，也可以是一种动物；可以是成语、典故、俗语习语，也可以是一种自然现象。,“嫦娥自古爱少年”（第四十六回） From

5、 of old, young nymph preferred youth to age. The moon ever loved a young man.,贾琏道:“你不用怕他,等我性子上来,把这醋罐打个稀烂,他才认得我呢!” (第二十一回) “Dont be afraid of her. One of these days when I really lose my temper , Im going to give that vinegar bitch a good beating to show her whos master here. ” “You neednt worry abou

6、t her”, said Jia Lian.“One of these days when I get my temper up Im going to lay into that jealous bitch and break every bone in her body. ”,水溶见他语言清楚,谈吐有致,一面又向贾政道:“令郎真乃龙驹凤雏.” (第十五回) ( The prince) turned to observe to Jia Zheng ,“ Your son is truly a dragons colt or young phoenix ” the prince observe

7、d to Jia Zheng that “the young phoenix was worthy of his sire. ”,他是哪吒，我也要见一见。（第七回） Even if he is a monster, I insist on seeing him. I do not care if he is a three-faced wonder with eight arms, I still want to see him.,你们看着你家石崇邓通。把我王家的地缝子扫一扫就够你们过一辈子。（第七十二回） You are not exactly millionaires, are you?

8、We Wangs could probably keep you going for the rest of your lives just with the sweepings from our floor! You think you are as rich as mint-master.The sweeping from the cracks in our Wang familys floor are enough to last you a lifetime.,此外,颜色词的的使用也是红楼梦的一大特点。杨译忠实地将原文“红楼梦”、“怡红院”、“怡红公子”分别译为:A Dream of

9、Red Mansion , Happy Red Court ,Happy Red Prince ,完全保留了红的喻意。霍克斯避开“红”字而有意采用了另一书名石头记译为The Story of the Stone ,又将“怡红院”、“怡红公子”分别译为The House of Green Delights ,Green Boy ,其中“红”都被替换成“green”。他之所以用“green”对应“红”, 正是由于他从英国文化出发,更多地考虑了英语读者的感受。,3.语言与社会交际 说了半截忙又掩住,王夫人道:“你只管说”。(第三十四回) “Go on. ” “Please go on. ”,你明儿服

10、侍我去吧。我认你做女儿,我一调理,你就出息了。(第二十七回) You must come and work for me. I will make you my adopted daughter. How would you like to come and work for me and be my god - daughter ?,四、社会文化 你倒也三从四德的,只是这贤惠也太过了。(第四十七回) Quite a model of wifely submission and virtue , arent you ?Only you carry this obedience too far. I must congratulate you on your wifely virtue - though I must say , I think that in this case you are carrying wifeliness a little far.,五、物质文化 那薛老大也是“吃着锅里看着碗里”的。(第十六回) Hsueh Pan is another of those greedy