企业项目组织管理-英文版(ppt 89页).ppt

1、Topic 2,PROJECT MANAGER + PROJECT ORGANIZATION,I. The Nature of Man,model about human behavior,Understanding human behavior is fundamental to understanding how organizations function, whether are profit-making firms, non-profit enterprises, or government agencies. Understanding human behavior is als

2、o the fundamental to understanding how person act - game. We will mainly focus on REMM.,REMM,Resourceful, Evaluative, Maximizing Model Postulates 1-4,Postulate 1,Every individual cares, he or she is an evaluator. 1) The individual cares about almost everything, knowledge, independent,etc 2) REMM is

3、always willing to make tradeoffs and substitutions. 3) Individual preferences are transitive.,Postulate 2,Each individuals wants are unlimited 1) If we designate those things that REMM values positively as GOODS, then he or she prefers more goods to less, GOODS can be anything from art objects to et

4、hical norms. 2) REMM cannot be satiated. He or she always wants more of some things, material goods/intangible goods,Postulate 3,Each individual is a maximizer: He or she acts so as to enjoy the highest level of value possible. Individuals are always constrained in satisfying their wants-wealth, tim

5、e, physical laws of nature, limits of their own knowledge about various goods and opportunities, etc can be the constrains-opportunity set-be given and external.,Postulate 4,The individual is resourceful: Individuals are creative. They are able to conceive of change in their environment, foresee the

6、 consequences thereof, and respond by creating new opportunities-the limitation is is not immutable. Human beings are not only capable of learning new opportunity, they also engage in resourceful, creative activities that expand their opportunities in various ways.,REMMs at work: Think about the eff

7、ects of newly imposed constrains to human behavior. REMMs response to a new constrains is to begin searching for substitutes for what is now constrained, a search that is not restricted to existing alternatives. They will invent alternatives that did not previously exist. Examples.,REMM means there

8、are no “needs”-individual is always willing to make tradeoffs, willing to substitute-willing to give up a sufficient small amount of any good for sufficient large amount of other goods(in his or her own sense). There are no need, there only wants, desires. demands. If something is more costly, less

9、will be demanded, than if it were cheaper. -Cost/benefit analysis.,Keep in mind: Almost all the people in the world act as REMMs, REMMs are everywhere - GAME between different parties-Try to understand what do your counter-party really want.,II. Project Managers Role,Objectives,IDENTIFY: What a proj

10、ect manager is Why a project manager is needed How to perform the role of a project manager When a project manager will play a key role in the project,Project manager-Definition,A project manager is an individual responsible for: Planning and organizing Controlling and directing the day-to-day activ

11、ities of a project(s) Delivering the project objectives to Sponsor and Steering Committee,A. Planning and Organizing,1 Planning 1)The technical activities of the project that will produce the projects objectives:(1) team members activities; (2)schedule of the project deliverables. 2) The financial o

12、bjectives of the project is based on the business case:(1)revenue from deliverables delivered to the client;(2) cost of team members labor;(3)cost of deliverables from suppliers;(4)all other project related cost,2. Organizing 1) The project team,roles and responsibilities for all team members 2) The

13、 project documentation: (1) contract file;(2) project plans;(3)project procedures; (4)financial documentation: invoices to clients; invoices from suppliers; (5)correspondence,B. Controlling,Managing the risk factors of the project Managing the changes to the project Managing the issues and problems

14、during the project Tracking the technical performance of the project- schedule, quality Tracking the financial performance of the project Tracking the suppliers performance against their contract Tracking the client satisfaction Managing the morale of the project team,Why have a project manager,Proj

15、ect managers value-enhance the probability of a project: -with quality products -that is on schedule -that completes within budget -with a satisfied client -that leads to follow-on business,How do you do it,1. Follow defined processes that enable you to PLAN and MANAGE the project 2. Identify the SK

16、ILLS required for a good project manager: match those with the ones you possess; develop missing skills 3. GAIN EXPERIENCE, do it in small steps: go from a small project to a larger one and so on until you are managing large multi-year complex projects.,1. Follow defined processes that enable you to

17、 PLAN and MANAGE the project,1). Planning Processes Develop a Work Breakdown Structure(WBS)-include items to contain risk Develop the network Estimate cost The document usually contains the projected costs(to develop and run), and the business benefit that the sponsor is delivering to the sponsoring

18、 org.,Summary,A project manager is a full time job The job has many responsibilities:. With the many responsibilities also comes many rewards The role of project manager is the key to the success of a project Most projects fail not because of technical reasons but because of a lack of project manage

19、ment,III. Roles of the Project Team,Objectives,Describe the project organization Identify project team members and their responsibilities Identify project management responsibilities,Information Services (IS)Management,Oversee the progress of the project Schedule Cost User satisfaction Project manag

20、ement support groups,IS Management-Support Groups,Project Assurance Legal User organizations Technical Product Safety Other internal organizations Other external organizations,User Project Manager,Provides information,data,decisions and approvals to the project team Monitors and reports on progress

21、to upper user management Helps resolve project issues Participates in project team Monitors and reports on progress to upper user management Helps resolve project issues Participates in project status meetings With the Project Manager,administers the project change control procedure Helps resolves d

22、eviations from project plans,Project Manager,Overall project responsibility Establishes project work plans,estimates and schedules Establishes project staffing requirements Establishes project training requirements Conducts project planning and project status meetings Tracks and reports project prog

23、ress,including schedules and work products Takes corrective action when needed,Project Manager,Prepares and delivers project status reports Establishes and administers the change control procedure Prepares and makes presentations at project reviews Interfaces with the User Project Manager and obtain

24、s agreement when necessary,System Architect,Assists the Project Manager in defining,estimating and planning tasks Coordinates development of interfaces between other teams,applications,systems,etc. Participates in data base design and technical reviews Prepares project procedures Provides technical

25、guidance to team members,System Architect,Establishes guidelines,standards and procedures for format and content of work products (e.g.,reviews work products produced by team members ) Coordinates walk-through and user review meetings Evaluates and develops estimates for project change requests,Syst

26、em architect,Participates in status meetings and project reviews Resolves technical issues Participates in technical design reviews Provides inputs to test plan Reviews system test cases for completeness and accuracy Selectively reviews test results to ensure the quality of testing,Project librarian

27、,Maintains the project documents library and logs Maintains the correspondence files May assist with the entry of weekly input into the project tracking system Assists with clerical support Key participant within project control office(PCO),Test coordinator,Prepares the test plan, including guidelin

28、es for preparation of: function list test scripts test cases test data Establishes the system test software environment and procedures Monitors the running and review of test cases,Test coordinator,Monitors the development of the system test function list for accuracy and completeness Coordinates an

29、d provides guidance to the User Analysts in the preparation of: test scripts test cases test data expected test results Maintains problem reports and problem log,Test coordinator,Follows up on problems reported to ensure that problems are being fixed within the established time period Communicates m

30、ajor problems and solutions to all project team members Maintains the system test progress report, tracks and reports test status,Team leader(1),Assists the project manager and system architect in defining and estimating tasks for project plan Defines, estimates and assigns tasks to team members Pla

31、ns, tracks and reports the teams progress against schedules Provides technical leadership to team member Participates in user review meetings,Team leader(2),With the system architect, evaluates project change request Has primary responsibility for the problem and issues process Participates in proje

32、ct reviews Act as the primary contact with technical support personnel Reviews the team members work products, and participates in walkthroughs,Team member(1),Assists the team leader in defining and estimating tasks Documents requirements and prepares assigned parts of the Requirements, External and

33、 internal design reports according to established guidelines Prepares test cases, scripts and data according to the test plan Conducts system test according the test plan,Team member(2),Reviews system test results according to the test plan Prepares assigned portions of the user manual according to

34、the User Manual guidelines Prepares user training materials and “training the trainer” according to the User Training guideline Plans, schedules and conducts walkthrus of other team members work products,Team members(3),Notifies the team leader of all apparent changes which might require change cont

35、rol Reports progress against the plan on a weekly basis: hours estimate to complete each task other key factors that may effect the schedule Codes of software products Installs software products,Team member(4),Install hardware products Tests software and hardware products according to the establishe

36、d guidelines,Project executive,Same general responsibilities as Project manager, but at a much higher level High level business manager,User VP,Same general responsibilities as the User Project Manager, but at a much higher level Interface to the Project Executive,Project Control office,Maintains ke

37、y project documentation library and logs Enters the weekly input into the project tracking system Assists/maintains he overall project plans Assists with project review preparation tracks/controls all documentation necessary for the project,Summary,Define the project organization during the project

38、objectives definition phase Document the user responsibilities during the project objective definition phase Complete a Position Description for each individual on the project,IV. Team building,Team building,How do you select project members? What do you look for in a prospective project member? How

39、 do you make members of different org. into a project team?,Selection of project team,Specification of skills required Resource pool: your department, user, subcontractor available? Qualified? Assessment process Your personnel User personnel Subcontractor personnel,Team introduction,Lead positions T

40、ask assignments individual group,User personnel,Selection process responsibility assistance Tracking productivity Perception of assignment User organization department head executive,Team building factors,Education/orientation total team your people user people Facilities smoking/non-smoking termina

41、ls telephones travel/parking,Project people,Stakeholders: see fig.,Your team interviews,Skills Independent Self-reliant Goal oriented Positive attitude,Team selection,Experience Capability Availability Also: personality group interaction desires and goals,Maintaining morale,Morale boosters: luncheon

42、s, activities Morale problems personnel conflicts travel/parking unusual working conditions technical incompetency expectation,Developing skills,Formal education-schedule it O-J-T opportunities-make them.,Summary,A project team consists of many people of varying background with varying goals with va

43、rying skill levels with a common goal/objective,You must manage EXPECTATION by understanding by negotiating by providing opportunities by communicating from the beginning agreement with all parties,V. Project Initiation:meeting/orientation,Objectives,Describe the purpose of the project Kick-off meet

44、ing Identify typical meeting agenda and participants,Activities prior to Project Kick-off Meeting,Review project documentation Hold initial meeting with user project manger-identify key issues/areas of concern Establish project work plan Develop staffing plan and project team org. Develop project te

45、ams work environment Prepare team orientation packages,Project kick-off meeting,Prepared and presented by PM Within 2-3weeks of project start Attendees: executive sponsor of the project user project manager user department head I/S manager project team,Kick-off meeting objectives,Initiate communications Develop understanding Gain agreement Establish your role as a professional manager and business person,Topics covered,Development/implementation process to be used S