综英4Unit 4.ppt

1、Unit 4,Learning Objectives 1. features of argumentative writing 2. sth about reading strategies 3. Tips of how to be an effective reader 4. New words and expressions,Text One Writing Between the Lines? Reading Between the Lines?,Dear Hany, You know what? Sometimes, I always think of you. When I saw

2、U, my heart will jump very fast. I want to talk with you. Thats strange Am I really like you? Im not sure Emma,read between the lines to find more meaning than the words appear to express; gather more meanings from a text that are not actually stated, but implied; look for whats implied or suggested

3、, but not stated. write between the lines : the authors invention by following the pattern of the set phrase read between the lines (parody) is to emphasize the importance of writing notes and comments on the book one is reading,parody,a piece of writing, music, acting, etc. that deliberately copies

4、 the style of sb/sth in order to be amusing. Examples “Love me, love my books.” To smoke or not to smoke, that is a question “走自己的路，让别人打车去吧！” 酒吧:书吧、果吧、网吧、陶吧 人民:网民、烟民、股民、彩民 文盲: 科盲、电脑盲、英语盲 “我是小妖我怕谁！” 毛衣已经脱下，穿起短裙的日子还会远吗？,Pre-reading Questions,Do you like writing sth on your book when reading it? If yes

5、, what do you usually write down? If not, why?,Skimming,Is the writer for or against writing between the lines? Whats his point?,The Main Ideas,The writer is trying to persuade the reader to writer down in the book he is reading his reactions to the text. The readers reactions may include his questi

6、ons, his agreements or differences of opinion with the author, his doubts and so on. In this way the reader will be doing the most efficient kind of reading.,Text analysis,This is a typical piece of argumentation. In the first paragraph, he not only states his opinion straightforwardly, but also emp

7、hasizes the importance of “writing between the lines” with an negative example.,Part 2,Para. 2-10, the writer aims at convincing the reader with multiply measures. The author proposes four sub-ideas to prove that marking up a book is of great necessity for efficient reading. The writer develops his

8、argument by citing examples, illustrations, making comparisons, giving personal opinions and appealing to common knowledge.,The body 1 (Para. 2): Marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love. 2 (Paras. 3 - 6): Marking up a book is proof of the readers respect for the writer rather than

9、for the binding and typography. 3 (Paras. 7-8): Marking up a book is indispensable to active reading. 4 (Paras. 9-10): Marking up a book has a lot of advantages: 1) 2) 3) 4),Conclusion,The last paragraph, a new concept of reading a book from his own perspective-reading a book should be a conversatio

10、n between you and the author. If it is indeed so, then marking up a book is absolutely justifiable. Marking up a book is an expression of the readers agreements or differences of opinion with the author.,Detailed study,Para 1,What does “in the course of your reading” mean in the sentence “I want to

11、persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading”? While you are doing a reading course? While you are reading? During your reading? While reading?,Para 1,You know you have to read between the lines to get the most out of anything. gain or obtain sth. from sb./sth. I get

12、much out of my college life. She always gets the best out of people.,Para 2,1. I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but love. contend1) to claim; to argue; to say with strength e.g. The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe. The two

13、 sisters contended with each other about trifles.,2) (against, for, with) to compete as in a race or against difficulties,e.g. Britain contended for control of the sea in the 17th century. contend with others for a prize contend against prejudice / hardships cf.: content (with), consent to ones hear

14、ts content; Be contented with,Try as we could, they could not be brought to give their . A consent B. contend C. content D. completion,blunt (adj.), without a point or sharp edge 钝的 a blunt knife plain; not troubling; to be polite 直率的, 直言的, 不客气的 e.g. He is a blunt man. bluntly plainly, directly,muti

15、lation,mutilation (n.)u destruction, damage The film is nothing but a mutilation of the original novel. Newspaper accounts described the events as a “race riot”, with much shooting and mutilation.,mutilate (vt.)damage by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part; destroy the use of Dont muti

16、late your book. The falling mutilated his leg. Paraphrase I argue plainly that making marks in a book is not sth. done to spoil it but to show its worth and value.,Para 3,prelude (n.),1. sth. comes at the beginning; 序幕, 前奏 2. action, event etc. that serves as an introduction to another 序言, 序曲 a prel

17、ude to. e.g. The song is only a prelude to the concert. I think the raid on the bank is only a prelude to more serious attacks.,1. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession.,Rewrite the sentence by using prelude: First they had some discussions, then they reached a treaty. (The disc

18、ussions were a prelude to the treaty.) The workers first asked for higher pay, then they went on strike. (The workers request of higher pay is a prelude to a strike.),Translation,计划和列提纲只是写作的前奏曲,一篇论文的撰写还需要经过初稿,修改,编审等环节. Planning and outlining are only a prelude to writing. Drafting, revising and edit

19、ing are necessary steps required of thesis writing.,property vs. possession,property n. u 财产(总称) private ；intellectual right Much of his property was destroyed by the fire. possession n. 所有权, (一件)财产；拥有, The house has been in the familys possession for 90 years. in possession of 拥有,占有 Their opponents

20、 were in possession of the ball for most of the match.,belongings n. 一件财产,随身携带物 He lost all his belongings in the rush. ownership n. 所有权,所有制 She claims the ownership of the land. Paraphrase: Getting the book by payment is merely a preparatory step on the way to ownership.,She is of a wonderfully cal

21、m temperament. A. possessed B. owned C. had D. occupied,2. An illustration may make the point clear. illustration:,1Its not a very good novel, but I like the illustrations. (Visual matter used to clarify or decorate a text) 2 provided an illustration of the word in context (material used to clarify

22、or explain),The speaker gave a(n) of the dangers of poor nutrition. A. illumination B. definition C. illustration D. illusion,3. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. In the most important sense 在最重要的意义上 In the most import

23、ant sense, I dont think it is fair to blame the child for this minor mistake. Cf. in a sense, in no sense （决不）, in some sense,Translation 从某种意义上说, 研究生也属科研人员. In a certain sense, postgraduate students are also researchers.,4. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do yo

24、u any good. take or suck in (a liquid ); take in (heat, light, knowledge, etc) Dry sand absorbs water. The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge that his teachers could give him. take up the attention of His business absorbs him. Does your study absorb you? be absorbed in (be engrossed in) Are you a

25、bsorbed in your study? He is absorbed in a book.,absorption,absorbent (adj.)able to absorb absorbent cotton absorbinginteresting absorbing books absorption (n.)u absorbing or being absorbed absorption in Complete absorption in sport interfered with his studies. Everybody noticed the absorption of th

26、e children in their game.,She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated Translation 他全神贯注地投入在一项克隆实验工作中, 根本没有察觉到我进入实验室. He was so absorbed in one of his cloning experiments that he wasnt aware of my entering the laboratory

27、at all.,Para 4,1. What are the three kinds of book owners? Unread, untouched Read through a few of the books Dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken, loosened, marked, scribbled 2. What kind of book owners are you?,1. but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance (L17),Paraphrase but

28、is held back from reading them because they hold a false belief that marking would damage its outward look restrain vt. (from doing) hold back e.g. I couldnt restrain my anger / laughter. Restrain your dog from jumping at others. You should learn to restrain yourself when you are about to lose your

29、temper.,restrained adj. (of a person or his behavior) calm and controlled, not showing strong feelings restraint n. under restraint, without restraint With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its . A. boundaries B. restraints C. confinements D. limitations,2. The third has a few

30、books or many every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. Dilapidated Having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration, as through neglect; broken-down and shabby. 破旧了的：处于一种年久失修或朽坏状态的；残垣断壁的 同broken-down, decay

31、ed, deteriorated, ruined, worn-out, crumbling,Paraphrase,The third kind of book owners possess only a few or many books, but every one of them is worn, with the corners of the leaves folded over, and has become less tightly bound because of constant use. There are marks and informally written notes

32、in each book from cover to cover.,Review,The discussions were a _ to the treaty. I was _ in a book and didnt hear your call. I had to _ myself from telling him what I thought of him.,Para 5,1. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact and unblemished a beautifully printed book, an elegant

33、ly bound edition?,Preserve To maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm; protect. 保护; 使免于损害，危险或伤害而处于安全中 e.g. Social activities preserve old people from the loneliness of old age. Preservefrom,Translation,热天很难储藏食品，使之保持新鲜与食用安全。很自然，很多人觉得在夏季还是不上饭店为好。 In hot weather it is rather difficult to preserv

34、e food and keep it fresh and safe to eat. Naturally, many people prefer not to eat in restaurants during the summer months.,Observe/reserve/deserve/conserve,preserve “保护, 收藏; 保鲜”, 强调经过某种加工或处理方式保护或使保持原状, 不受损, 如： Salt and spices were used to help preserve meat. The ancient Egyptians knew ways to prese

35、rve dead body from decay. reserve “储备; 保留”, 强调留存以待后用, 如: reserve the seats； conserve “保存; 保持”, 强调保护以避免损失, 损耗, 如: conserve ones strength, conserve resources.,Preserve, reserve, deserve, conserve,China the games because she is a rising sports power which has been a force in the Olympics since returnin

36、g to the games in 1984 after a 32-year absence. The old building is in a good state of _ except for the wooden floors. Id like to a special seat for the concert of May 5. Its designed to energy.,deserved,preservation,reserve,conserve,Intact-complete, untouched,The church was destroyed in the bombing

37、,but the altar survived intact. He lived on the interest and kept his capital intact. Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained intact.,unblemished adj. -unstained,She is perhaps the only member of the royal family who still enjoys unblemished reputation. He has given 38 years of serv

38、ice to the people and has an unblemished career.,2. Id no more scribble all over a first edition of Paradise Lost than Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt.,Jane is no more careful than Tom. (Both are careless.) A is no wiser than B. (A is not wise just as B is not wise.) A nat

39、ion can no more exist without people than a tree can grow without roots.,Paraphrase,I would never mark pages of a first edition copy of Paradise Lost, just as I would not give my baby a set of colored pencils and a painting by Rembrandt in the original.,no more than ,not more than “不及,不象” This probl

40、em is not more important than that one. no more than “只不过,仅仅” He is no more than a child. The pipe is no more than ten feet long. not more than + 数词“不多于” / +n./ pron. “不及,不如” I read not more than 20 pages a day. He knows not more than you.,1. He is no more a worker than a farmer. 他既不是工人，也不是农民。 2. He

41、 is not more a worker than a farmer. 他不是个工人，而是个农民。,paradise,The Garden of Eden; Heaven伊甸园；天堂 e.g. This club is a sportsmans paradise. (喻) 这个俱乐部是运动爱好者的乐园。,Paradise Lost:,英国著名诗人约翰-弥尔顿(John Milton)的大型史诗失乐园。 失乐园描写的是魔鬼撒旦因为率同叛逆的众天使与上帝抗争而被打入地狱火湖，在烈火中备受煎熬。就在这时，上帝创造了伊甸园，亚当与妻子夏娃在这里安居。撒旦闻讯后从地狱逃出，找到伊甸乐园，窃听到关于智慧

42、树与禁果的秘密，并引诱亚当与夏娃偷食禁果，打破了上帝与他们的约定，触怒了上帝，因而将他们逐出乐园，降至人间，忍受苦难，而撒旦最终也受到了上帝的惩罚，被变为蟒蛇。 在这部史诗中，弥尔顿塑造了一个敢于向强权上帝挑战的气度宏伟、坚韧不拔的撒旦的形象.,(Rembrandt, 16061669),1606年7月15日生于莱顿，1669年10月4日卒于阿姆斯特丹。其画作体裁广泛，擅长肖像画、风景画、风俗画、宗教画、历史画等。自画像莱顿时期（约16251631）作品采取强烈的明暗对比画法，用光线塑造形体，画面层次丰富，富有戏剧性。 伦勃朗在绘画史不独是荷兰的而是全欧的绘画史上所占的地位，是与意大利文艺复兴

43、诸巨匠不相上下的。他所代表的是北欧的民族性与民族天才。造成伦勃朗的伟大的面目的，是表现他的特殊心魂的一种特殊技术：光暗。这名辞，一经用来谈到这位画家时，便具有一种特别的意义。换言之，伦勃朗的光暗和文艺复兴期意大利作家的光暗是含着绝然不同的作用的。法国十九世纪画家兼批评家弗罗芒坦（Fromentin)目他为“夜光虫”。又有人说他以黑暗来绘成光明。 卢浮宫中藏有两幅被认为代表作的画木匠家庭以马忤斯的晚餐。,3. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body.,so to speak one might say, as it were He

44、is, so to speak, up to his neck in debt. In their house its Laura who wears the trousers, so to speak. (make all the important decisions),Para 6,1. If your respect for magnificent binding or typography gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author.,While we were e

45、agerly carrying on our project, the lack of fund got in the way and we had to suspend it at least for the time being. We must pay respect to the needs of the general reader .,Paraphrase,If the elaborate cover, style of printing or layout prevent you from marking up a book, then youd better buy a che

46、ap edition in which you can show your respect to the writer by writing notes in it.,Para 7,1. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading?,Indispensable (to, for) Not to be dispensed with; essential. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的 e.g. His participation is indispensable to the success of the meeting. Air and wat

47、er are indispensable to us. What else is indispensable to us? be indispensable to sth. be essential to, be necessary in; be too important to live without,Just as water is vital to fish, air is indispensable to man. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _ source for researchers. A) identical

48、B) indispensable C) intelligent D) inevitable,2. Let me develop these three points.develop,1) present fully e.g Please develop this idea more fully before going to the next point.,2) (from, into) to cause to grow, increase, become larger or more complete e.g. to develop from a seed into a plant He d

49、eveloped his little store into a department store .,develop ones English speaking skills She has developed into a beautiful woman. Land animals are thought to have developed from sea animals. 3) to bring out the economic possibilities of (esp. land or natural substances) e.g. The builders are develo

50、ping that tract of waste land for housing. We need to develop solar energy even further.,4) (in photography) to cause to appear on a film or photographic paper e.g. develop the photographs 5) to cause to begin to be seen, become active, or show signs of 逐步显示出来 e.g. Trouble is developing among the sa

51、ilors. He seems to be developing an illness.,Para 8,Gone with the wind,1. You cant let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read.,cannot and if ,(then) not You cant eat your cake and have it. You cant sell the cow and drink the milk. You cant

52、sit there daydreaming and get your work done.,come up withthink of (a plan, answer, a reply etc); produce The teacher asked a difficult question, but he came up with a good answer. At last, they came up with a wonderful plan.,Para 10,And ,best of all, your marks and notes become an integral part of

53、the book and stay there forever.,integral adj. He is an integral part of the team and we cant do without him. Bars and cafes are integral to the social life of the city.,integrate Put or bring together (parts) into a whole e.g. Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan. integrate circuit Int

54、egrity Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code. The mayor is a woman with great and therefore deserves our political and financial support. a. integral b. instinct c. integrity d. intensity,2. Its like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up whe

55、re you left off.,Resume: begin/go on after a pause resume sth./doing sth. Well stop now and resume the meeting at 2 oclock. After lunch, he resumed reading where he had left off.,From the available data it may fairly be that the writer flourished in the 15th century. a. consumed b. presumed c. assum

56、ed d. resumed,pick up vs. leave off,pick up: regain sth; start again Its difficult to pick up a conversation when it has been interrupted. leave off: stop We will play the movie where we left off last time. Its time that you left off those childish habits and thoughts.,Para 11,1. youll have the prop

57、er humility as you approach him.,Humility-humbleness 恭敬，谦逊 Sister Mary is a person of great humility. He doesnt have the humility to admit when hes wrong. They might be very rich, but it wouldnt hurt them to show a little humility.,2. understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesnt consist in

58、being an empty receptacle. Consist in-lie in The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings. Paraphrase Comprehension is a process involving both reception and production. If you remain a container ready only to receive, you cannot expect to learn very much.,Cf. Substanc

59、es consist of small particles called molecules. (be made up of) The testimony consisted with all the known facts. (agree with),3. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences or agreements of opinion, with the author.,Literally actually, virtually, exactly e.g. The children were literally starving. He literally exploded with ange