高一英语定语从句复习课件.ppt

1、定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.,定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.,先行词和关系词 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词、关系词/引导词

2、,对等 ,代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词关系词 bike,关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。,定语从句的特点:用来修饰或限定一个名 词,并放在名词之后. 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用: 1 引导定语从句,起引导词作用. 2 代替被修饰词. 3 在从句中充当句子成分: 关系代词 that,which,who 在从句中作主语宾语; whom作宾语; whose作定语. 关系副词 where,when,why 在句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语.,定语从句的种类:限定性定语从句和非限制

3、性定语从句。 限定性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事,在这样的从句中不使用逗号. 非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息,我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁,什么事,这样的从句使用逗号.,who, that,which , that , as,whom , that , who,which , that , as,whose , of whom,whose , ( prep. +) which,where / prep. + which,when / prep. + which,why / prep. +

4、 which,that / prep. + which,the handsome the tall the strong the clever the naughty,boy,The boy is Tom.,The boy who is handsome is Tom.,The boy who is tall is Tom.,The boy who is strong is Tom,The boy who is clever is Tom,The boy who is naughty is Tom.,The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.,The boy is

5、Tom. The boy has a round face.,The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语),The boy who has a round face is Tom.,The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The man who sits in front of me is Tom., The man is kind. Everyone likes him.,The man (who) everyone likes is kind. (宾语), The woman got the job. We saw her

6、on the street.,The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job., The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.,关系代词:,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a t

7、hief.,2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3. 作定语用whose 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.,注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能

8、作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念, 这时可以与of which 结构互换。,词序是：“the+名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name),4.作表语只用that, 它既可以指人，也可以指物, 但时常省略。例如： He is no long

9、er the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.,难点：whose,The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose =the students,关系词

10、whose实际上是先行词的所有格,The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . T

11、his is the hero (that) we are proud of .,2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.,注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关

12、系词可以省略),apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small,The apple which is green is big., Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.,Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating

13、her flowers., Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.,Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night.,Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?,Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.,Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?,Do you fin

14、d the pen (which) I wrote with just now?,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?, that 指人/物，作主语或宾语

15、(作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine. It can fly.,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man (that) I told you about.,He is the man (that) I told you about., 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。,4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine that can fly.,(1) The scient

16、ist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world. whom that,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress that she is wearing is new. which , that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (tha

17、t) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much ,none,the one等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或

18、最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, few, just, right, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,(5)当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。 They talked of persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. (6)当先行词指物,在句中作表语。 This is the book that you borrowed . (7)主语前有 who,whom时 (8)在 there be或 there live 结构中，先行词指物时 There is a book on the

19、desk that I am interested in. (9)在 way 方法后,常用 that 代替 in which结构 That was the way (that) he did it. (10) time 表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。,(11)先行词前有 the same 修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一个人或物时。 This is the same man that/ who I told you. (12)当疑问词 who,which,what 开头的疑问句为避免重复用 that. 只用which不用that的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)当关系词前有介词时 T

20、he room in which my family live . (3)当先行词本身为 that 时. That which you told him about is what we want to know.,表示人的关系代词 who在口语中可代替 whom,但关系代词前有介词时, 只能用 whom，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以用。 Eg:Here is the girl who/whom we have been looking for. Here is the girl for whom we have been looking . 关系代词 as引导的定语从句 A, as引导的

21、定语从句可指人也可指物，常与 the same，such， so等连用，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。 Eg: Such peole as you described just now are rare today. (as代替人，作宾语）,He is not the same man as he was. （as代替人，作表语） Lets discuss such problems as concern everyone of us. （as代替事物，做主语） B.关系代词 as可引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的意思,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首,句中,句末.而 which引导的非限制性定语

22、从句只能置于主句之后。 As we all know, English is easy to learn. English, as we all know, is easy to learn. as有时也可作关系副词 引导定语从句，与关系代词一样,主句中也应该有the same, such, so等与之相呼应，as在从句中作状语。,Eg: I shall use the instrument in such a way as he used it yesterday. (as指代 in such a way) the very place 后用 where引导定语从句 关系代词和关系副词的选择

23、 1.代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成分。 2.先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点还是原因。 3.引导的是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。,as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。,1. The sun h

24、eats the earth, _ is very important to us. 2. He failed in the exam, _ was expected. A. that B. as C. which D. it E. B most of _ hadnt been cleaned for ten years. A. these B. those C. that D. which,1Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy.A. what B. that C. who D. which 12. Look at the watch. Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day? A. as the same; as B. thesame; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that 13. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every mont