CCMI认证-培训教程-中文版-英文版本-对照 (CMMI-for-Development-Version-1.3).pptx

1、Introduction to CMMIfor DevelopmentVersion 1.3,目录,第1节 介绍 第2节 过程改进概念与CMMI 第3节 CMMI模型组件概述 第4节 模型表现形式通用目标和实践 第5节 产品开发（1） 第6节 项目管理 第7节 项目和组织支持 第8节 产品开发（2） 第9节 改进基础 第10节 高成熟度等级 第11节 总体回顾 第12节 总结,Module 1第一节,Introduction to CMMI for Development Version 1.3 Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon Un

2、iversity Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Establishing the Foundation 建立基础,This course 此课程 illustrates benefits of process improvement 展示过程改进将带来的利益 introduces CMMI model content (the major focus of this course) 介绍CMMI模型内容（本课程的重点）,Course Objectives课程目标,By the end of this course, you will be able to 在课程结束，你将可以 de

3、scribe the components of CMMI models and their relationships 描述CMMI模型的组件及它们的关系 discuss the process areas 讨论过程域 locate relevant information in the model 在模型中找出相关信息,The Audience for this Course此课程的学员,Broad audience 学员无限制 product developers, process implementers, and managers 产品开发人员、过程实施人员、管理人员 anyone

4、interested in learning about CMMI 所有想学习CMMI的人 No process improvement experience or knowledge of process improvement models is assumed. 有无过程改进经验或过程改进模型只是均可,Introductions and Expectations介绍与期望,Participant introductions 学员自我介绍 Name 姓名 position and background 职位和工作背景 experience with process improvement

5、过程改进经验 - how long? 多长时间 - experience with other models or standards - 其他模型或标准的经验 expectations 期望 - What do you want to get out of this course? - 你想从本课程中得到什么,Course Materials课程教材,Participant notebook 学员 笔记本 copies of slides 幻灯片文件 exercises 联系 handouts 其他印刷材料,Schedule 课程表,DAY 1第一天 Module 1第一节 Introduc

6、tion 介绍 Module 2 第二节 Process Improvement Concepts and CMMI 过程改进概念与CMMI Module 3 第三节 Overview of CMMI Model Components CMMI模型组建概述 Module 4第四节 Model Representations and Generic Goals and Practices 模型表现形式 通用目标和实践 Module 5第五节 Product Development 1 产品开发1,DAY 2第二天 Module 6第六节 Managing the Project 项目管理 Mod

7、ule 7第七节 Project and Organizational Support 项目和组织支持 Module 8第八节 Product Development 2 产品开发2 Module 9第九节 Improvement Infrastructure 改进基础,DAY 3第三天 Module 10第十节 High Maturity 高成熟度等级 Module 11第十一节 Tying It All Together 总体回顾 Module 12第十二节 Summary 总结,Course Approach 课程方法,Lecture 讲授 Exercises 联系 Questions

8、and answers 问答 Discussions 讨论 Participation by all is a key element of the course 人人产于课程活动是本课程的关键因素之一,Rules of Engagement 课堂规则,Participate. 参与课堂活动 One person speaks at any given time. 任何时候只有一个人在发言 Keep discussions and questions to the point. 讨论和问题要切中要点 Turn off your cell phones and other communicati

9、on devices. 关闭手机和其他通讯工具 Be prompt returning from breaks. 休息时间结束准时回来,Completion Criteria 结业标准,Successful completion of this course requires that participants 成功完成本课程需要学员做到 actively participate in classroom discussions and exercises all three days 积极参与三天课程的课堂讨论与联系 do not miss any classroom time 不能缺勤,M

10、odule 2 第二节,Process Improvement Concepts and CMMI Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Topics,Process Improvement Concepts 过程改进概念,What is Process? 什么是过程？,How do you define process? 你怎样定义过程？,General Definitions of Process过程的一般定义,IEEE Sequence of steps perform

11、ed for a given purpose. 未达到某一特定目的而开展的一系列步骤活动,PALL Logical organization of people, materials, energy, equipment, and procedures into work activities designed to produce a specified end result. 系统的组织人力、材料、经理、设备和程序来计划生产活动，最后产出特定的结果,CMMI GLOSSARY A set of interrelated activities, which transform inputs

12、into outputs, to achieve a given purpose. 通过讲述如转变为输出，为实现特定目的一系列相互联系的活动,The Process Management Premise过程管理理念,The quality of a system is highly influenced by the quality of the process used to acquire, develop, and maintain it. 获得、开发和维护系统的过程质量极大的与你共享着系统质量 This premise implies a focus on processes as w

13、ell as on products: 此理念意味着关注产品的同时应该关注过程 This is a long-established premise in manufacturing. 这是在制造业确立已久的理念 Belief in this premise is visible worldwide in quality movements in manufacturing and service industries (e.g., ISO standards). 全球制造业和服务业的质量运作都重视此理念 This premise is also applicable to developme

14、nt. 此理念同样适用于开发,Quality Leverage Points 质量杠杆点,While process is often described as a node of the process-people- technology triad, it can also be considered the “glue” that ties the triad together. 人们通常认为过程只是过程-人员-技术三角环节中的一个点。 Everyone realizes the importance of having a motivated, quality work force

15、but even our finest people cannot perform at their best when the process is not understood or operating at its best. 每个人都知道一直主动性强而高质量的团队的重要性，但是当过程没有被理解和执行时，最优秀的人也不能很好的完成事情,Evolutionary Improvement Path 逐渐的改进路线,Ad Hoc Processes 临时的过程,Process descriptions are not rigorously followed or enforced. 没有严格遵

16、循过程描述执行 Performance is highly dependent on current practitioners. 效能极大的取决于现有的专业人员 Understanding of the current status of a project is limited. 很难清楚现有项目的状态 Immature processes result in fighting fires: 不成熟的过程导致要灭火 There is no time to improveinstead, practitioners are constantly reacting. 没有时间改进-相反，专业人

17、员不断的地址改进 Firefighters get burned. 烧伤救火队员 Embers might rekindle later. 汇金还会重燃,Improved Processes 改进的过程,Process descriptions are consistent with the way work actually is done. 实际工作与过程描述相一致 Processes are supported visibly by management and others. 过程明显得到管理层和其他部门的支持 They are well controlledprocess fidel

18、ity is evaluated and enforced. 过程得到良好控制，过程的执行符合度得到评价和控制 There is constructive use of product and process measurement. 产品和过程度量得到建设性的使用 Technology is introduced in a disciplined manner. 用规范的方式引进技术,Institutionalized Processes 制度化过程,The organization builds an infrastructure that contains effective, usab

19、le, and consistently applied processes. 组织建立了一个基础环境，包括有效的、使用的和一贯使用的过程 The organizational culture conveys the process.组织文化推行这些过程 Management nurtures the culture. 管理培训组织文化 Culture is conveyed through role models and recognition. 文化同样榜样和认知传播 Institutionalized processes endure after the people who origi

20、nally defined them have gone. 即使当初定义这些过程的人员离开了，这些制度化的过程仍能持久执行,Benefits of Improving Processes 过程改进的好处,Processes enable you to understand what is going on. 过程让你更清楚谅解进行中的状况 By defining, measuring, and controlling the process, improvements are more successful and sustained. 通过定义，度量和控制过程，改进会更加有效和持久 The

21、likelihood that appropriate technology, techniques, and tools are introduced successfully increases. 成功增加了适当技术、技巧和工具的引进可能性 People develop their potential more fully and are more effective within the organization. 员工潜能得到更全面有效的发展,Benefits in Terms of Predictability预测的效益,Focus is on continuous quantita

22、tive improvement 焦点是持续的量化改进 Process is measured and controlled 过程得到控制和度量 Process is characterized for the organization and is proactive 依组织细分过程特征，主动性强 Process is characterized for projects and is often reactive 依项目细分过程特征但常受抵制 Process is unpredictable, poorly controlled, and reactive 过程不可预测，控制不佳，受抵制,

23、Early Process Improvement 早期的过程改进,The theories of process management are a synthesis of the concepts of Deming, Crosby, Juran, and others. 过程管理理论是德明、克罗斯比和Juran等人的理论综合 Over the past decades, these theories have been used to address problems common to many organizations. 在过去的几年间，这套理论已经被用来解决了企业共同面临的问题

24、Solutions to some problems have been developed. 开发了一套问题的解决方案 Many of these solutions have been used to build process improvement models. 这些解决方案已被用来建立成过程改进模型,What Is a Process Model? 什么是过程模型,A process model is a structured collection of practices that describes the characteristics of effective proces

25、ses. 一个过程模型是对事件的系统收集，这些事件描述有效过程的特点 Practices included are those proven by experience to be effective. 这些实践都是经过验证有效的,How Is a Process Model Used? 过程模型如何使用？,A process model is used： 过程模型用来： to help set process improvement objectives and priorities 帮助建立过程改进目标和优先级 to help ensure stable, capable, and mat

26、ure processes 帮助确保稳定、实用、成熟的过程 as a guide for improving project and organizational processes 指导项目和组织过程的改进 with an appraisal method to diagnose the state of an organizations current practices 结合评估方法诊断组织目前实践的状态,Why Is a Process Model Important?过程模型为什么重要,A process model provides 过程模型提供： a place to start

27、 improving 一个开始改进的环境 the benefit of a communitys prior experiences 可受益的行业先行经验 a common language and a shared vision 共同的语言表达和共享的愿景 a framework for prioritizing actions 划分活动的优先级 a way to define what improvement means for an organization 一个方法来说明改进对一个组织的意义,CMMI for Process Improvement CMMI过程改进,Use CMMI

28、in process improvement activities as a 过程改进活动中使用CMMI作为： collection of best practices 最佳实践的集合 framework for organizing and prioritizing activities 组织和划分活动优先级的框架 support for the coordination of multi-disciplined activities that might be required to successfully build a product 支持协调多种技术领域的活动，以帮助成功建立产品

29、means to emphasize the alignment of the process improvement objectives with organizational business objectives 加强过程改进目标与组织商业目标一致化的方法 CMMI incorporates lessons learned from use of the SW-CMM , EIA-731, and other standards and models. CMMI整合吸收了来自SW-CMM , EIA-731和一些其他标准和模型的经验教训。,Topics,The CMMI Product

30、 Suite 产品套件,The CMMI Framework 框架,The CMMI Framework is the basic structure that organizes CMMI components, including common elements of the current CMMI models, as well as rules and methods for generating models, appraisal methods, and training materials. CMMI框架的基本架构，组织CMMI组件，包含现有CMMI模型的公共部分和产生模型的规

31、则和方法、评估方法和培训教材。,Three Complementary Constellations 三个互补的子集,Note 注意,A CMMI model is not a process. CMMI模型不是一个过程 A CMMI model describes the characteristics of effective processes. CMMI模型描述了有效过程的特点 “All models are wrong, but some are useful.” “所有模型都是错的，但一些是有用的。” George Box (Quality and Statistics Engin

32、eer),The Appraisal Method 评估方法,Appraisal Method Classes 评估方法级别,SCAMPI Appraisals评估,Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) Defined and documented type of appraisal that satisfies the requirements stated in the ARC Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) Appraisal requirements S

33、CAMPI A Method Definition Document (MDD) SCAMPI method for performing Class A appraisals Handbook for Conducting SCAMPI B and C Appraisals SCAMPI method for performing Class B and C appraisals,The SEI Training for CMMI 关于CMMI-DEV的SEI培训,Topics,Business Benefits of CMMI 商业效益,Benefits Information 效益信息,

34、Information about CMMI benefits is available in the August 2006 SEI technical report, Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement (CMU/SEI-2006-TR-004). 关于CMMI效益的信息可以在SEI 2006年8月的技术报告中查到，基于CMMI过程改进的效能结果(CMU/SEI-2006-TR-004). This report is based on public reports, interviews, supplementary

35、 materials, and comprehensive literature review. 这份报告给予公开报告、访谈、补充材料和广泛的著作评审 It is available in the SEI Library at the SEI Web site 可通过SEI在线图书馆和SEI网站查询 For more information on CMMI performance results, visit the SEI Web site and search for “CMMI Performance Results”. 请访问SEI网站，搜索 “CMMI Performance Res

36、ults”了解更多信息,Impacts: Costs and Benefits of CMMI 冲突：CMMI成本和效益,Costs May Vary 可能多种成本,The cost of CMMI adoption is highly variable depending on many factors, including organizational 采用CMMI的成本会根据多种因素而大有不同，包括组织的： goals 目标 size 规模 culture 文化 structure 架构 processes 过程 Regardless of the investment, organiz

37、ations generally experience a respectable return on their investment 尽管有不同投入，但组织普遍会受到客观的回报,Performance Measures 效能度量,The performance results in the following table are from 30 different organizations that achieved percentage change in one or more of the six categories of performance measures below.

38、基于30个不同公司实行CMMI后带来的变化情况，统一的数据如下表： Performance CategoryMedian Improvement（改进中间值） Cost34% Schedule50% Productivity61% Quality48% Customer Satisfaction14% Return on Investment 4:1,Example Benefit -1 效益举例-1,The organization 3H Technology, with a little over 2 years of CMMI- based process improvement, sh

39、owed significant improvement in average number of defects found. 3H Technology,一个刚实施2年多点CMMI过程改进的公司，客户发现的缺陷率有显著的下降，如下图：,Example Benefit -2 效益举例-2,Motorola Global Software Group Russia, a maturity level 5 organization, improved the cost of quality while holding the cost of poor quality steady. 摩托罗拉全球

40、软件集团俄罗斯分布，成熟度5级企业，质量成本降低，同时保持了稳定的低质量成本,Example Benefit -3 效益举例-3,The Software Maintenance Group at Warner Robins Air Logistics Center, a maturity level 5 organization, significantly reduced schedule variance. 航空物流中心的软件维护组，成熟度5级组织，显著的减少了进度偏差,CMMI Can Benefit You CMMI可以让你收益,CMMI provides CMMI提供： guida

41、nce for efficient, effective improvement across multiple process disciplines in an organization 高效，有效的改善组织中跨多个学科的过程指导 improvements to best practices incorporated from the earlier models 整合以前模型的最佳实践并改进 a common, integrated vision of improvement for all elements of an organization 一个组织中所有要素共同的、综合的改进前景

42、,The Bottom Line -1 本质原则-1,Process improvement should be done to help the business not for its own sake. 过程改进应该是为了商业目标而改进 -而不是改进而改进 “If you cant describe what you are doing as a process, you dont know what youre doing.” W. Edwards Deming,The Bottom Line -2 本质原则-2,Improvement means different things t

43、o different organizations. 改进对不同的组织意味着不同的事情 Improvement is a long-term, strategic effort. 改进是需要长期的、战略上的努力,Topics,Summary 总结,Summary 总结,CMMI advances the state of process models by being applicable to the many areas of interest that contribute to business success. 通过在很多相关领域的运用促成了商业目标的实现，CMMI增强了过程模型的意

44、义 The product suite consists of 产品套件包括： models模型 appraisal methods评估方法 training materials培训教材 Many adopters of CMMI have reported measurable benefits. 总多采用CMMI的组织已经通报其可观的收益 Businesses can improve through the use of CMMI but change is necessary. 通过使用CMMI可以提高业务，但改变是必要的,Topics,Exercise 1: Important Pro

45、cess Improvement Concepts 练习1：重要的过程改进概念,Exercise 1 练习1,Task 任务 Follow the directions in the “Important Process Improvement Concepts” exercise. 依照“重要的过程改进概念”的指导开始练习 Expected Outcome 期望的结果 Participants have an opportunity to learn which process improvement concepts are most important to the students.

46、参与者有机会学习了解哪些过程改进概念是最重要的。,Module 3: 第三节,Overview of CMMI Model Components Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Topics,Contents of the CMMI Model Document 模型文档的内容,CMMI for Development CMMI开发版Model Document Contents 模型文档内容,Process Areas (PAs) -1过程域(PAs) -1,The

47、22 process areas (in alphabetical order by acronym) are listed here. 22个过程域列表如下（按照首字母排序）: Causal Analysis and ResolutionCAR 根因分析与解决方案 Configuration Management配置管理CM Decision Analysis and Resolution 决策分析与解决方案DAR Integrated Project Management 集成项目管理IPM Measurement and Analysis 度量分析MA Organizational Pr

48、ocess Definition 组织过程定义OPD Organizational Process Focus 组织过程改进OPF Organizational Performance Management 组织效能管理OPM Organizational Process Performance组织过程性能OPP Organizational Training 组织培训OT,Process Areas (PAs) -2 过程域(PAs) -2,Product Integration 产品集成PI Project Monitoring and Control 项目监控PMC Project Pl

49、anning 项目计划PP Process and Product Quality Assurance 过程和产品质量保证PPQA Quantitative Project Management 定量项目管理QPM Requirements Development 需求开发RD Requirements Management 需求管理 REQM Risk Management风险管理 RSKM Supplier Agreement Management 供应商协议管理SAM Technical Solution 技术解决方案TS Validation 确认 VAL Verification 验

50、证VER,Topics,Process Area Components 过程域组件,Process Area Components We Will BeDiscussing 我们将谈论的过程域组件,必须的,信息性的,期望的,Process and Process Area 过程和过程域,Process a sequence of steps performed for a given purpose (IEEE) 过程-为实现特定目标而实施的系列步骤(IEEE) It is how you perform your work. 它是指你如何执行你得工作的 Process a set of in

51、terrelated activities, which transform inputs into outputs, to achieve a given purpose(CMMI). 过程-一组相关的活动，把输入转成输出，以实现特定的目标（CMMI） These activities can be mapped to one or more practices in CMMI process areas to allow a model to be useful for process improvement and process appraisal. 这些活动可以对应到CMMI过程与的

52、一个或多个实践中去，以让模型在过程改进和过程评估中行之有效,Process Area 过程域,All CMMI process areas are common to both continuous and staged representations. 所有的CMMI过程域对于连续式和阶段式表现形式都是一样的 They are organized by 它们按以下分类 maturity level in the staged representation 阶段式的成熟度级别划分 process area category (i.e., Process Management, Project

53、Management, Support, and Engineering) in the continuous representation. 连续式的过程域类别划分(过程管理、项目管理、支持类和工程类) There are 22 process areas. 共22个过程域,A cluster of related practices in an area that, when implemented collectively, satisfies a set of goals considered important for making improvement in that area.

54、 过程域是一组同属于某领域的相关实践，当共同执行时，可以达成一组目标，而这些目标对该领域的改进是重要的,Process Area Contents 过程域内容,All process areas contain the following 所有的过程域都包含有 Purpose Statement 目的 Introductory Notes 简介 Related Process Areas 相关过程域 Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定目标和实践汇总 Specific Practices by Goal 目标的特定实践 - Specific Goals a

55、nd Specific Practices 特定目标和特定实践 Generic Practices by Goal目标的通用实践In “Generic Goals and - Generic Goals and Generic PracticesGeneric Practices” 通用目标和通用实践section in the model. 在模型的通用目标和通用实践部分,Process Area Components 过程域内容,Purpose Statement 目的陈述,Describes the purpose of the process area 一个目的陈述描述此过程域的目的

56、Project Planning example 项目计划(案例) Purpose 目的 The purpose of Project Planning (PP) is to establish and maintain plans that define project activities. 项目计划（PP）的目的是建立和维护定义项目活动的计划,Introductory Notes 简介,This section describes the major concepts covered in the process area. 简介描述了过程域中的主要概念 Project Planning

57、 example 项目计划举例 Planning includes estimating the attributes of work products and tasks, determining the resources needed, negotiating commitments, producing a schedule, and identifying and analyzing project risks. 计划包括估计工作产品和任务的属性、确定必须的资源、协商承诺、建立进度、以及识别和分析项目风险,Related Process Areas 相关过程域,This sectio

58、n lists references to related process areas and reflects the high-level relationships among the process areas. 相关过程域部分列出涉及的相关过程域及过程与之间的概要关系 Project Planning example 项目计划案例 Refer to the Risk Management process area for more information about identifying and analyzing risks and mitigating risks. 请参考风险

59、管理过程域以获得更多有关识别、分析、缓解风险的信息,Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定目标和时间汇总,The titles of the specific goals and specific practices for that process area are summarized at the beginning of each process area. 在每个过程域的开始，对该过程域的特定目标和特定实践的标题汇总 Project Planning example 项目计划举例 SG 1 Establish Estimates 简历估计值 SP 1.1 Estimate the Scope of the Project 估计项目范围 SP 1.2 Establish Estimates of Work Product and Task Attributes 建立工作产品和任务属性的估计 SP 1.3 Define Project Lifecycle Phases 定义项目生命周期阶段 SP 1.4 Estimate Effort and Cost 估计工作量与成本,Process Area Components 过程域内容,Specific Goals (SGs) 特定目标(SG),A specif