我的词汇和翻译课件.ppt

1、词汇,一、主要考点： 1.难词辨意。找题目中的关键词。 2.短语搭配。 3.近义词辨析。许多英文词汇的中文解释相差不多，可联系其英文解释，或者看中文解释 中括号里面的内容。 4.形近易混词。一般四个选项中有最为相象的两个词，答案就在这两个词中间。但是也有例外。 二.词汇的记忆： 1.正确的读音；看其英文解释及其典型例句。 2.词根词缀记忆法，与形象化相结合。 3.在语境当中记忆；生活中学英文。 4.在阅读当中达到反复和熟练。 5.个性化记忆方法。发展自己的想象力，结合读音，词形来记忆。例如：bride，“b”读 音“不”，“ride”义为“骑”，不骑就是坐轿子，为新娘；groom，“g”读音“

2、给”， “room”义为“房子”，则提供房子的为新郎。,三.词根词缀： soph（wise智慧）：sophism 诡辩，sophomore 大二学生，philosophy 哲学，zoophilist 动物保护者 concom（together一起）：coincidence 同时存在 con（together/ fully）：contact； convince（vin：win）使信服 tact（touch）：contact lens隐形眼镜；intact 未开化； clude（close关上）：exclude 排除，除去；include 包括；exclusive 独占的，排他的，仅仅的；prec

3、lude 阻止，排除； sub（under在下面）：subscribe 同意/付款，捐助/订阅；subway 地铁；submit 提交； scribe（write写）：subscribe签署文件，捐款；describe 描述；ascribe把归于；prescribe 开处方；,1.There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in with its surroundings. A、coincidence B、harmony C、uniform D、alliance 2. On weekends my gr

4、andma usually _ a glass of wine. A、 subscribes to B、engages in C、hangs on D、indulges in 3.He is holding a _position in the company and expects to be promoted so on. A、subordinate B、succeeding C、successive D、subsequent 4.The vast majority of people in any given culture will _to the established standa

5、rds of that culture. A、confine B、conform C、confront D、confirm,cur（to run）：excursion 远足，游览；recur 重现，再发生；precursor 前驱，前辈； incursion入侵，侵犯； cide（cut）：decide；pesticide；suicide 自杀； nov（new）：lenovo 联想；novel 新意的/小说；innovation 革新，创新； inter（相互的）：interchange；interview；review；preview； volv（）：revolve 围绕；evolve 演

6、化； liter（letter）：literal； verge（incline）：diverge；converge,seque（to follow）：subsequent；consequence； 后果 duplicate；dual；dutwo pel（drive赶）：repel 抗御，击退，驱除；compel 迫使，强迫；expel 逐出去，开除； impel 推进；propel 驱动； verse（turn）：reverse 颠倒，反转；adverse 不利的，有害的；inverse相反的，对立的；subvert颠覆，破坏；introvert 内向的；extrovert 外向的；anniv

7、ersary 周年； trans（across跨越）：transmit （病）传播，传送，发送（信号）；transaction 交易，业务；transition 过渡，转变；transfrom 改革，改造；transfer 调动，移动，转会 ;transient 短暂的，瞬间的；,1.The mayor was asked to_ his speech in order to allow his audience to raise questions. A、constrain B、conduct C、condense D、converge 2.The work in the office wa

8、s _by a constant stream of visitors. A、confused B、perplexed C、reversed D、hampered 3.Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat_ by steam. A towed B pressed C tossed D propelled 4.There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the _ from fall

9、to winter. A、transmission B、transformation C、transition D、transfer,scend（move）：ascend；descend； fect（do）：defect 缺陷；affect ；infect press（压）：impress 留有印象；express 表达；depress 沮丧；compress 压缩，受压迫； ject（jet喷射）：projector 投影仪；eject 弹射；inject 注射；objection 反对； fess（说）：confess 坦言，倾诉；professor 教授； pose（put）：compo

10、se 合成；expose 姿势；impose 施加；dispose 处理； dis（分散）：dispose；dismiss；disappear； rupt（break）：interrupt 中断；abrupt 突然的；erupt 喷发；corrupt 腐败；（cor：完全的） mit（send）：emit；transmit； ob（against）；e（out）；de（down/out）；re（again/back）；pre（before）；ex（out）；in（in/into）；,1.We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half

11、an hour later we began to_ . A、ascend B、descend C、decline D、plunge 2.Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in the main been _ . A) canceled B) destroyed C) suppressed D) restrained 3.After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally _. A、deter

12、iorated B、dispersed C、dissipated D、drained 4.With the satellite down, we cant _over the mountain range. A. transform B. transmit C transfer D transplant 5.Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of_. A) extinction B) migration C) destruction D) extraction,四.重要词汇。 1.adhere to

13、坚持（观点，信仰）；粘住stick sth. by glue ；遵守（法律，法规）； conform to（遵守；适应适合），comply with（遵守）； appropriately（适当，恰当）， 2.glance（扫一眼，看一眼）/glimpse（扫一眼）/peer（由于近视，看不清而凝视）/gaze（由于感兴趣而盯着看）/scan（浏览，快读；细看，审视，扫描）/glare（瞪眼，怒 目而视）/gape（瞪着看，由于吃惊或惊吓）/peep（偷窥）； obscure（晦涩的，模糊的），reproduction，decline（国力）的衰落；（数字，指标， 比率）下降，下跌；婉拒；，de

14、prive（deprive sb. of sth.），exclusive(高级的，独家的)，shrink（ 缩水，比原来少） 3.介词 名词 介词（词组意义在于名词）： with the exception of（除了）/with the purpose of（目的是）/with reference to（谈及，提及，关于）/with a view to（为了，以为目的）； hamper =hinder（妨碍，阻碍），propel（驱动）， 4.以trans为词根的词，总会放在一起考形近易混词，不会单个考。,5，resort（依靠，依赖，求助于； to：resort to arms/force

15、使用武力）/grant（同意 ，给予；grant sth）/afford（买得起；afford to经受得住，承担得起）/entitle （法 律方面）赋予权利资格；be entitled to/intodoing sth.； conspicuous（杰出的，明显的），gloomy（阴暗的，忧郁的；take a gloomy view of sth.），authentic（真的，可靠的，真迹的），in terms of（从方面来说，根据，在某方面）， contaminate（污染，毒害），trivial（不重要的；琐屑的），compliant = obedient（顺从的），vulnerabl

16、e（脆弱的，易受攻击的），indignation（愤怒，愤慨） in case（万一），at a loss（不知所措的），scratch（抓；擦；乱写乱画）， ascribe = attribute to（归因于），dilemma（困境；prisoner dilemma囚徒困境），profound（深奥的，深远的；profound effect），foridable（难以对付的，可怕的）， increasingly（逐渐地，与日俱增地），deteriorate（变质，恶化），fluctuate（价格等波动 ），coincide（时间，空间上巧合），,6.advocate（提倡；鼓吹）/ all

17、ege（声称；硬说）/ address（演说；向致辞）/ announce（宣布，宣告） 7.模版题。有几个大词作为选项： spontaneously（自发地，无意识地），simultaneously（同时地，同步地），homogeneously（同性地；同类地），instantaneously（瞬间地;即刻地），contemporarily（同时代地，同代地），anonymous（匿名地），一般会在前 三个选项中出题，D选项会掉换，但不作为答案。,Translation,六级翻译考试大纲 根据教育部最新的六级考试大纲中公布的评分标准, “汉译英” 部分共设5题, 考试时间5分钟, 分值占考试

18、总分数的5%. 要求译 文全局结构正确、自然、通顺、流畅且符合英语表达习惯, 恰当 把握与处理句子的难点, 达到翻译的要求, 例如词组、被动语态、 特殊句型、从句的翻译等。一个句子是否能够正确翻译，取决于 这个句子中的一些关键词、词组、句型以及语法结构的正确理 解与自然表达。具体细节如下： 1.对译文的主要要求是“正确”和“表达清楚”,对英语译文的其 他方面不做过高的要求。 2.添加不必要的词语时,如不影响句义,不扣分;如影响,应扣分。 3.如译文与原文的句义相反，及时局部译对，全句也不给分。 4.一题二译时，只按第一个译文给分。,汉译英基本步骤 1)透彻理解全句,确定句型结构. 2)弄清时态

19、,语态的用法. 3)弄清句型结构.主,谓,宾先确立,各部分的顺序.常考倒装,强调,虚拟,比较,主从句等. 4)选择合适的词语来组句. 5)灵活运用各种汉译英技巧.增词法, 转换,拆句,合并,正译,反译,倒 置,插入等.,大纲样题 Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 72.It was essential that _ (我们在月底签订合同)。 73.To our delight, she _ (进大学一个月就适应了校园生活)。 74.The n

20、ew government was accused_ (未实现其降低失业率的承诺)。 75.The workmen think _(遵守安全规则很重要) 76.The customer complained that no sooner_ (他刚试着使用这台机器，它就不运转了),KEYS: 72.we sign the contract before the end of the month 73.adapted(herself) to campus life a month after entering college 74.of failure to fulfill its promise

21、 to reduce the unemployment rate 75.it very important to comply with /follow the safety regulations 76.had he tried using the machine than it stopped working,2009年12月六级翻译 82. How long does a jacket like this last me? （这要看你多长时间穿一次。） 83. The theory he advanced has proved （对许多传统概念是一种挑战。） 84. The manage

22、r _ （本可以亲自参加会议）, but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. 85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a _（均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的。） 86. Much _ （我感到遗憾）, I was unable to finish the work on time.,Key: 82.This depends on how often you wear it. 83.(to be )a challenge to many traditio

23、nal notions / concepts. 点睛：后面跟to的名词（way, key, access) 84.should have been able to attend the meeting in person. 点睛:虚拟语气，对过去的假设。 85.a balanced diet is necessary to good health. be necessary to sth. 86. to my regret,2009年6月 82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk- (说服他不买车)。 83.-（保持幽默感有助

24、于）reduce stress and promote creative thinking in todays competitive society. 84. When confronted with the evidence,-（他不得不坦白自己的罪行） 85.When people say, “ I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think-（一定有人在 说他们的坏话） 86.She has decided to go on a diet, but finds- (很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑),2009年6月 82. talk him out

25、 of buying a car 点睛:talk sb into doing persuade sb not to do buy-purchase 83. Keeping a sense of humor helps（to） 点睛:(1)动名词作主语(2)a sense of humor (3)help to /contribute to 84. he had no choice but to confess the crime he had committed 点睛(1) have no choice/option/alternative but to do/ have to (2)conf

26、ess his criminal behavior/ confess the crime he had committed commit suicide / commitment承诺, 许诺, 义务,85. there must be someone who is speaking ill of them 点睛:(1) must be 一定(2)talk behind sbs back/ speak ill of sb. 86. it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream 点睛: (1)go on a diet节食 (2)it 作形式主语(3)

27、resist the temptation of 抵制诱惑 解析：v.+it+adj./n. to do sth-it 为形式宾语,真正的宾语是to do sth, adj./n作为宾语补足语.,2008年12月 82. He designed the first suspension bridge, which- -.(把完美与功能完美地结合起来) 83. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to- (本能地知道该走哪条路) 84.I dont think it advisable that parents - (剥夺孩子们的自由)to spend their

28、 spare time as they wish. 85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and - (与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低) 86. Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating-. (为什么你是某个职位的最佳人选),2008年12月 82. combined beauty and function perfectly 点睛:(1)combinewith sth / make

29、 a combination of integrate / link / unite 83. know which way to take by instinct 点睛:(1)take a way(2) by instinct / instinctly 本能地 84. deprive their children of freedom 点睛(1)剥夺deprive sb. of sth. (2)that 引导宾语从句用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形 解析(1)request,suggest,order,advise表示命令,建议,要求,请求, 提议,重要性的动词,名词,形容词后面的that

30、 从句的谓语动词用 虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(2)考察虚拟语气的主语从句: it is necessary (important, advisable, strange, unusual, wonderful)等后面的主语从句要用虚拟语气,85. a lower death rate compared with those who dont. 点睛:(1)空格部分需要和and之前的more energy 平衡,所以用a lower death rate 这样一个名词结构(2) compared with /in comparison with (3)分词语 86. why you

31、are the best candidate for a certain position 点睛:(1)最佳人选the best candidate (2)某个特定职位 a certain position (3)宾语从句用陈述句式,2008年6月 82. We can say a lot of things about those _ (毕生致力于诗歌的人): they are passionate, impulsive, and unique. 83. Mary couldnt have received my letter, _ (否则她上周就该回信了). 84. Nancy is su

32、pposed to_ (做完化学实验) at least two weeks ago. 85. Never once _ (老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago. 86. _(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于) the quality of education of its people,2008年6月 82. Who dedicate/ devote/ contribute their life to poems 点睛:(1)致力于dedicate/ devote/ contribute sth. to sth. (2)定语从句修饰t

33、hose 83. otherwise / or she would have replied to me last week 点睛:(1)would have done早就该表推测 (2) reply to sb./ make a reply 84. have finished the chemical experiments 点睛:(1)be supposed to do sth. 应该,应当 (2)to have done 不定式的完成时态 (3) chemical experiments 化学实验,85. have the old couple quarreled with each o

34、ther 点睛:(1)否定词never / no / little / hardly / seldom/ not only / not until 置于句首时,主谓需要部分到装 (2) 从句是since引导的过去式,主句需要采用现 在完成时态 (3) quarrel with 争吵 86. To a great extent, the future prosperity of a country depends on / upon 点睛(1)in some degree/ on a large scale /to a great extent (2) prosperity(3)依赖 depen

35、d on rely on / count on /reckon on,2007年12月 82.But for mobile phones, _ (我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。 83.In handing an embarrassing situation._ (没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了)。 84.The Foreign Minister said he was resigning._ (但他拒绝了进一步解释这样做的原因)。 85.Hunmen behavior is mostly a product of learning, _ (而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。 86.The wit

36、ness was told that under no circumstances_ _(他都不应该对法庭说谎)。,2007年12月 82.our communication could not/would not have been so rapid and convenient 点睛:(1)条件状语从句虚拟语气(2) convenient 解析:能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语:but for, but that(要不是), without, otherwise(否则） 83.nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor 点睛:(1)nothing

37、is more/-er than 没有-比-更 (2) a sense of humor 2006年12月四级:Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading 六级汉译英与四级核心词汇及考察重点相似 84.but he refused to further explain the reasons 点睛(1) refuse to (2) further explain / make further explanation,注:refuse,care,decide,desire,e

38、xpect,hope,manage,offer, pretend,promise, want, wish 等动词只能接不定式作宾语,不可以接动名词作为宾语. 85.while the animal behavior depends mainly on their instinct 点睛:(1) while引导表示对比的句子(2) depend on while (1)表示对比(2)当时候,进行式 86.should he lie to the court 点睛:(1)到装结构(2) lie to sb.说谎 注:类似需要使用到装结构的短语: under no circumstances, by

39、 no means根本不,决不,in no way决不 ,in no case无论如何不,2007年6月 82.The auto manufacturers found themselves _(正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额). 83.Only in the small town _ (他才感到安全和放松). 84.It is absolutely unfair that these children _ (被剥夺了受教育的权利). 85.Our years of hard work are all in vain, _(更别提我们花费的大量金钱了). 86.The problems of b

40、lacks and women _ (最近几十年受公众相当大的关注).,2007年6月 peting with foreign firms for market share 点睛:(1)find oneself doing (宾补) 发觉自己在做(2) compete with sb. for sth.(3) market share市场份额 83.does he feel secure and relaxed 点睛:(1) Only在句首引导状语从句,句子的主句到装 (2) secure and relaxed 84.are deprived of the rights to receive

41、 education 点睛:(1)be deprived of sth. /be denied sth.(2) the rights to sth.(3) deprive sb. of sth. 常用被动式,85.not to mention / let alone the large amount of money we have spent 点睛:(1)别说,别提not to mention / let alone/not to speak of(2)a large amount of money 86.have gained / caused considerable public concern in recent de