EffectofDarwinism高级英语ppt.ppt

1、姓名：左维伟 学号：20092755,The species were not be created in their present form, but evolved from ancestral species .2,proposed a mechanism for evolution: natural selection,The general idea of Darwinism : 1. species were not be created in their present form, but evolved from ancestral species . 2.it propos

2、ed a mechanism for evolution: natural selection,Effects of Darwinism,a.On Biology,Darwins influence on the development of biology has been immeasurable. The immediate effect of the publication of On the Origin of Species was to stimulate research in morphology（形态学）, embryology（胚胎学）, and paleontology

3、（古生物学）to find evidence to support or refute Darwins view.,Such distinguished scientists as Charles Lyell, Joseph Hooker, Asa Gray, Ernst Haeckel and Thomas Huxley accepted Darwins theory of evolution on its publication.,b.On Theology神学，宗教体系,Darwins theory of evolution met strong and immediate opposi

4、tion from Christian theologians. They believed that Darwins theory contradicted the Scripture, did away with divine guidance and substituted an automatic natural mechanism for the Creators designed creation.,The theological opposition to Darwins theories at the meeting of the British Association for

5、 the Advancement of Science at Oxford in 1869,when Wilberforce,Bishop of Oxford,attacked the leading exponent of Darwinism,the biologist Thomas Huxley,whose book Evolution and Ethics(1893)was translated into Chinese in 1897 by YanFu(严复)published under the title天演论。,c.On Social Science,Although Darwi

6、n did not himself attempt to apply the principle of natural selection to sociology,his demonstration of evolution by natural selection made a great impression on Spencer with unforumate results.,As well as providing a model of evolution, this publication also led Darwin to realize that natural force

7、 gradually changes the earths surface and that the forces of the past are still operating in modern times. over the last 150 years the book has revolutionized our understanding of nature and our place within it.,Thank you for your listening !,Thank you for your listening !,达尔文主义第一次把生物学放在完全科学的基础上，它的产生不仅是生物学的伟大革命，也是人类思想史上的伟大革命，具有巨大的哲学意义。它用自然选择的进化学说合理地说明生物的多样性和适应性，从而有力地打击了唯心主义的特创论和目的论利用生物的多样性和适应性长期宣扬的上帝有目的地创造生物的观点，这是唯物主义世界观的伟大胜利。马克思、恩格斯高度评价达尔文的进化论，并把它引为自己学说的自然史基础。唯心主义者则试图利用达尔文主义宣扬他们的哲学思想和社会政治观点，产生了社会达尔文主义、庸俗进化论等流派。围绕达尔文主义所展开的哲学斗争，一直延续至今。 在达尔文时代,细胞