金融英语-1-Basics.ppt

1、1.1 Money and income 货币和收入,1.1.1 Currency 货币 The money officially used in a country is its currency, such as euros, dollars, etc. Money is often in the form of cash(现金) and bank deposits(银行存款). Cash includes notes(纸币) and coins(硬币). Bank deposits: money in the bank accounts (银行账户).,1.1.2 Personal fi

2、nance,Income(收入): All the money a person receives or earns. This can include: Salary(工资): money paid monthly; or wages: money paid by the day or the hour, usually received weekly. Overtime (加班费): money received for working extra hours. Commission (佣金): a certain percentage of the income the employee

3、 generates, such as sales person.,Income (continued),Bonus (股利): extra money given for meeting a target or for good financial results. Fees (酬金): money paid to professional people such as lawyers and architects. Social security, or welfare (社会保险): money paid by the government to unemployed and sick

4、people. Pension (养老金): money paid by a company or the government to a retired person.,Outgoing 开支,Amounts of money that people have to spend regularly are outgoings, which include: Living expenses (日常开支): money spent on everyday needs such as food, clothes and public transport. Bills (账单): requests

5、for the payment of money owed for services such as electricity, gas and telephone connections. Rent (租金): money paid for the use of a house or flat. Mortgage (贷款): repayments of money borrowed to buy a house or flats. Health insurance (人身保险), tax (税收):,Financial plan,1.2 Business finance 公司财务,1.2.1

6、Capital 资本 Capital is the money used to set up (建立) or start a company. Companies can borrow (借入) this money, called a loan (借款), from banks. The loan must be paid back (偿还) with interest (利息). Capital can also come from issuing shares or equities (股票) -certificates representing units of ownership (

7、所有权).,Capital (continued),The people who invest (投资) money in shares are called shareholders (股东) and they own (拥有) part of the company. Individuals and financial institutions, called investors (投资者), can also lend (借出) money to companies by buying bonds-loans that pay interest and are repaid at a f

8、ixed future date. Money that is owed (欠) is called debt or liabilities (负债).,Long-term liabilities(长期负债) include bonds; Short-term liabilities (短期负债) include debts to suppliers who provide goods or services on credit (商业信用). The money that a business uses for everyday expenses or has available for s

9、pending is called working capital or funds (营运资金).,Types of Financing 融资的类型,Financing can be categorized into debt financing and equity financing. Debt financing (债权融资) means borrowing money with interest. It can be long-term or short-term. Equity financing (股权融资) describes an exchange of money for

10、a share of business ownership.,Debt Financing,Debt Financing can be known as a loan. Ways of Debt Financing include: Common types of bank loans 普通银行贷款; Asset-based financing 抵押资产融资; Leasing 租赁; Trade credit 商业信贷;,Equity Financing,Equity Financing means to share the management control with investors

11、in exchange for capital. Venture capital 风险资本; Angels 天使投资家; Initial public offerings (IPO) 首次公开发行; New share issues 增发股票; Integration 合并;,1.2.2 Revenue,All the money coming into a company during a given period is revenue(收入). Revenue minus the cost of sales and operating expenses, such as rent and

12、salaries, is known as profit, earning or net income (利润，净收入). The part of its profit paid to the shareholders is a dividend, to the government is tax. They also retain (保留), or keep, some of their earnings for future use. This is called retained earnings (盈余资金).,1.2.3 Financial statements 会计报表,The financial statements display a companys financial situation. The balance sheet (资产负债表) shows