英语阅读专项——词义理解

1、welcome to our class,If you come across new words when reading,What will you do ?,Ignore them and continue reading,Look them up in the dictionary,Guess the meaning,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词; 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best

2、 be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. 5. The word “” is closest in meaning to ,语境法 Context clues,构词法 Word formation,猜测词意,高考阅读理解专题,方法一： Using word formation（构词法）,Approach introduction 方法介绍,prefi

3、x (前缀）,suffix（后缀）,un-,word root (词根）,believe,-able,Guessing the meaning,unbelievable,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronounce (非自然的) homeless nonsm

4、oker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),1. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? 3. When he reached the place wit

5、h his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. pass passable impassable,Word-formation,（合成词）,（词性变化）,（合成法，转化法，派生法）,（词的派生）,方法二： Using context clues （利用上下文线索）,1. 定义描述,3. 因果关系,2. 同义反义,4. 举例归纳,5. 生活常识,6. 上下文推测,语境猜测词义,Definition 定义法：一般通过 下定义/定义语从句/词组或 同位语从句来确定词,技巧 1,定义猜词时，文中常有解释性词语引出生词含义，如that

6、is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。考生要通过上下文来寻求线索，找到关键性的解释性词语或短语。,1.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 2. It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily . 3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goa

7、l, he will not give it up easily.,同义词、反义词,Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.,有害的 adj.,作者可能会用一个近义词或者反义词去解释另一 个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往 往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。,also,技巧 2,资金 n.,At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business,

8、 nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.,money,同义词,nor,反义词,eg. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely “homely” means “ ”.,ugly,With the help of words like: unlike; but however, while, instead, on the other hand.,Unlike,handsome,Rathe

9、r than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. 厌恶，憎恨 If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. 不赞成；不同意,Rather than,liking,no,yes,agree,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.,由and或or，

10、 like ,as as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系； 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，in contrast, on the contrary等。,小 结, One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when

11、it is shallow. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.,贫穷的,混浊的,独断专行的,精明的,技巧 3,因果关系,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such that theref

12、ore等)表示前因后果。,小 结, Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,技巧 4,举例归纳法,When writing an article, we often use simile, such as “brave as a lion” and “qui

13、ck like lightning” “simile” means“_”.,【修辞】明喻,常见的信号词：such as, like, for example, for instance 等。,生活经验、常识和逻辑,In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing souwesters, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.,a kind of raincoat,技巧 5,When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you wil

14、l watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.,波纹,涟漪,颤抖,症状,The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates， forming a cloud of warm,

15、wet air that moves upward “evaporates” means “_”,turns into vapour 蒸发,小 结,根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。,上下文、标点符号 （冒号；破折号；括号）,1.，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic lang

16、uage. 2. The other questioned the veracity the truthfulness of these reports.,技巧 6,根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义,例题： Tom cant find his sneakers. C. shoes,Tom cant find his white sneakers,Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.,A. money,B. bowls,Practice makes perfect,Practice练习,1. He is a

17、 resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 2. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的 3. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A

18、. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱,小试身手,4. Mr. Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work 5. .Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortable A healthy child gets we