Run-on连续句错误.ppt

1、Run-on Sentences,Keep running, but be careful where you are going!,The Sentence,Definition: A sentence is a complete thought, usually containing at least one or more independent clauses, beginning with a capital letter and ending with a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. An independen

2、t clause is a cluster of words that contains a subject and a predicate and that can “stand alone.”,Run-on Sentences,Definition: A run-on sentence is punctuating and putting together two or more sentences as if they were one. There are two basic types of run-on sentences:,1. Fused Sentence 2. Comma S

3、plice,Fused Sentences,Definition: In fused sentences, two or more independent clauses “run together” with no punctuation.,Example: The boy ate his dinner his sister played quietly in the corner.,Train analogy (above): The train cars are run together without any coupling devices.,Independent Clause,I

4、ndependent Clause,Independent Clause,Comma Splices,Definition: In comma splices, two or more independent clauses are joined by a comma only.,Example: The boy ate his dinner, his sister played quietly in the corner.,Train analogy (above): The train cars are joined together with inadequate coupling de

5、vices.,Independent Clause,Independent Clause,Independent Clause,The Most Common Comma Splice Error,The most common comma splice error is the conjunctive adverb comma splice.,Common conjunctive adverbs: again, also, besides, consequently, further, furthermore, hence, however, indeed, likewise, moreov

6、er, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise, similarly, then, therefore, thus,Conjunctive Adverb Comma Splice,Rule: When joining independent clauses, the conjunctive adverb is preceded by a semi-colon and followed by a comma.,Example of Error: The boy ate his dinner, however, his sister played quietly

7、in the corner. Correction: The boy ate his dinner; however, his sister played quietly in the corner.,Five Basic Ways of Correcting a Run-on Sentence,Comma Plus Coordinating Conjunction Semi-colon Period and Capital Letter Subordinate Clauses Conjunctive Adverb,Comma Plus Coordinating Conjunction,Rul

8、e: Determine the independent clauses. If there are only two independent clauses, separate them with a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet).,Example: The boy ate his dinner, but his sister played quietly in the corner.,Comma Plus Coordinating Conjunction,Rule: If th

9、ere are more than two independent clauses in a series, separate the final two independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Note that independent clauses other than the final two are separated with commas.,Example: The boy ate his dinner, his sister played quietly in the corner, a

10、nd his mother worked on the “spill” the children had made.,Semi-colon,Rule: Determine the independent clauses. Separate those two or more independent clauses with a semi-colon.,Example: The boy ate his dinner; the sister played quietly in the corner.,Period and Capital Letter,Rule: Determine the ind

11、ependent clauses. Separate those two or more independent clauses with a period. Then begin the following independent clause with a capital letter.,Example: The boy ate dinner. The sister played quietly in the corner.,Subordinate Clauses,Rule: Determine if one or more of the independent clauses can b

12、e subordinated. If so, subordinate those clauses.,Example: While the boy ate dinner, the sister played quietly in the corner.,Conjunctive Adverb,Rule: Determine the independent clauses. If there are only two independent clauses, separate them with a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and comma.,Example

13、: The boy ate his dinner; however, his sister played quietly in the corner.,Exceptions to the Rules*,Exception: Short, closely related independent clauses in a sequence can be joined by a comma only.,Example: He came, he saw, he conquered.,* These exceptions are rare.,Exceptions to the Rules*,Except

14、ion: If the second of two independent clauses reverses the negative emphasis of the first, these clauses can be joined with a comma.,Example: That day I did not swim, I sold real estate.,* These exceptions are rare.,Exceptions to the Rules*,Exception: If the second independent clause is a “tag” ques

15、tion, a comma may be used between the clauses.,Example: He does, doesnt he?,* These exceptions are rare.,Practice what you preach I,Some of the following sentences contain run-ons; others are correct. Put a C next to the correct sentence. Revise the run-ons in any way you choose. 1. Mr. Jones took t

16、he Concord(协定) to Paris the flight lasted just three hours. 2. Those berries are poisonous dont eat them. 3. Ken started wearing a wig, everyone complimented him on how young he looked. 4. Philip leapt up the stairs two at a time, he was breathless when he reached the attic. 5. Our dormitory bought

17、a Canon copier for the library, many students use it.,6. The movie will not begin for two hours let s window-shop. 7. The hot air balloon rose off the ground the crowd gasped(倒抽气). 8. You continue sulking(生闷气) like that you will just make yourself unhappy. 9. Solar energy may be the fuel of the futu

18、re, and many home owners are beginning to use it. 10. Tony was trying not to laugh, everyone was staring at the goldfish in the punch bowl(潘趣酒碗).,11. Dr. Abbot claims that he never forgets a face he seems to have forgotten hers. 12. The TV antenna was badly bent the picture was a mass of stripes and

19、 shadows. 13. Sandra usually finishes a crossword puzzle within an hour, this one really has stumped(难住) her . 14. When I first moved into this house, I never dreamed I would live here for fifteen years. 15. Students applying to the Fashion Institute of Technology must show creative talent only one

20、student in six gets accepted.,Practice what you preach II,My first bike will always be special to me it was a yellow dirt bike named Thunderball. Lorraine loves to gossip about others she becomes angry if she even thinks someone is gossiping about her. The large black ants marched upside down across the kitchen ceiling, I wonder where they came from.,The package