②英语写作必备---句子种类.ppt

1、,-句子种类,英语语法学习系列,一 句子种类训练：,在英语中，句子一般分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。,（1）陈述句：说话人用来直接陈述某一事实的句子。一般都是 先说主语，再说谓语，再说其它。陈述句一般分 为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。,（2）疑问句：当说话人对某一内容不太确定时，对别人进行询 问的句子。一般分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑 问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。如：,Did you go to the museum yesterday? Have you been to the United States?,一般疑问句中，说话人只是想对某一件事情得到肯定或否定的答复.,When d

2、id you go to the museum? Where are you living? What did you buy in that shop yesterday?,特殊疑问句中,说话人是想对某一具体内容如时间,地点,原因,距离,方式,年龄,数量等得到明确的答复.,Where did he go yesterday, the museum or the park? Are you living in Changsha or Wuhan? Which do you like better, tea or coffee?,选择疑问句中,说话人对两个或两个以上的选择不确定,希望对方作出选择

3、而让自己确定.,You went to the museum yesterday, didnt you? He is living in Wuhan, isnt he? She likes English, doesnt she?,反意疑问句中,说话人先对某一事实进行肯定,再反问对方,希望得到对方更明确的肯定或否定.,(3) 祈使句: 说话人请求或命令对方去做某事的句子. 祈使句中,主语 “你”在英语中常常省略.如:,一般不太用: You go and send the letter.,你去把信寄了.,Go and send the letter.,(4) 感叹句:说话人对某人或某事所具有的性

4、质特征发出感叹的句子.,请特别注意英语中感叹句与汉语顺序的不同.,他开车开得多快啊!,How fast he drives!,感叹句的四种句型:,What a + adj. +可数n单数. + 主谓! What + adj. +不可数 n. 或n.复数 + 主谓! How + adj. adv. +主谓! How + adj. + a +n. +主谓! 如：,从这些形式中可以看出，第种和第种形式可以互相转换.,1. What a clever girl she is! 2.How clever the girl is! 3.How clever a girl she is! 4.What cl

5、ever girls they are! 5.How clever the girls are!,What a +adj. +可数n单数. +主谓！=How +adj. +a +可数n单数. +主谓！,请做下面的练习：,1._ delicious the soup is! Id like some more. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 2._ difficult questions they were! I cant answer them. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 3. _ lovely weather w

6、e are having these days! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 4._ interesting a job it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an,A,C,C,A,灵活运用：,你不知道我当时是多么的着急啊! _ !,You have no idea how worried I was at that time.,二否定句和疑问句的变化规律：,要懂得否定句和疑问句的变化规律，首先要了解英语中动词的分类。,英语中的动词一般分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动

7、词。,(1).实义动词：意思完全，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词（及物动词是指后面要求带宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要带宾语的动词） (2).系动词：本身有词义，但词义不完整，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构才能完整地说明主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。,be作助动词时没有含义，一般是用于进行时态和被动语态中；be 作系动词时有含义，汉语常译为 “是”。have 作助动词时没含义，常用在完成时态中。,(3).助动词：帮助另一个动词构成否定、疑问、时态或语态的词叫助动词. 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，最常用的助动词有： be (is/ am/ are/was/were), h

8、ave (has had), do (does did). (4). 情态动词: 表示说话人的语气或情态的词类叫做情态动词。 所表示的情态包括命令、请求、愿望、拒绝、可能、需要、敢于等。情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能完全、不能单独作谓语，只能和不带to的不定式一起构成符合谓语。情态动词一般有： can/could; will/would; may/might; shall/should; ought to; must; used to; need; dare等。,那么，否定句和疑问句的变化规律与动词种类到底有什么关系呢？先请大家来看看否定句和疑问句的变化规律：,如果一个陈述句中，谓语部分只有

9、实义动词，那么我们就要借用助动词do/does/did来变否定或疑问.注意：变否定或疑问时，在加了助动词do/does/did后，其后原来的实义动词要变为原形。 2如果一个陈述句中，谓语部分含有情态动词或助动词或系动词be时，我们直接在这类动词后加not变为否定；把这类动词提到主语前变疑问，如：,Everything well.,goes,否定：Everything go well.,doesnt,疑问： everything go well?,Does,He been to Nanjing twice.,has,否定：He hasnt been to Nanjing twice.,疑问：Ha

10、s he been to Nanjing twice?,【EX.】：把下面句子变为否定和疑问形式： 1. He had a meeting yesterday. 2. He had left before she came back.,Answers: 1. He did not have a meeting yesterday. Did he have a meeting yesterday? 2. He had not left before she came back. Had he left before she came back?,三 巩固练习：,【EX.1】：把下列句子变为否定句

11、： (1) Susan is a very clever girl. (2) Tom can speak good English. (3) She was doing her homework at 9:00 oclock. (4) She does her homework every day. (5) He had a good time at weekend. (6) I saw a terrible snake over there.,【EX.2】： 把下列句子变为疑问句： (1) They do a lot of reading every week. (2) She went t

12、o Shanghai last summer. (3) The bus will take you to the park. (4) They have never been there before. (5) She didnt pass the examination. (6) They had an exciting football game just now.,【EX.3】： 翻译下列汉语句子，注意正确使用英语的 句子结构。 （1）我们的教室不大。 （2）你下午会来学校吗? （3）吉姆在图书馆看书吗？ （4）他明天会不会回家? （5）刚才他拿走了哪本书啊？ （6）李明去年在国外学习，是吗？ （7）请你把伞带上，以防下雨。 （8）伦敦是一个多么美丽的城市啊！,Answers: (1) Our classroom is not big. (陈述句) (2) Will you come to the school this afternoon? (一般疑问句) (3) Is Jim reading in the library? (一般疑问句) (4) Will he come home tomorrow? (一般