Ch1 Introduction国际贸易.ppt

1、,国际贸易理论与实务 张素芳,International Trade,Theory export figure is average of exports and imports Source: Adapted from International Economics by Dennis R. Appleyard, Alfred J Field, Jr., 4th edition, P3,Table 1.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2000-05(Annual percentage ch

2、ange) 2000-04 2002 2003 2004 2005 Exports 4.0 3.5 5.0 9.0 6.0 Production 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 GDP 2.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 3.5 Source: WTO, International Trade Statistics 2006, obtained from ,Figure 1.1 World merchandise export (billion),II. Geographical Composition of Trade ( Geographical structur

3、e of trade) The value of world merchandise trade by region or by country (import share, export share) Industrialized countries dominate world trade The relative importance of Germany, the United States, and Japan is evident in terms of both imports and exports. China ranked the third both in terms o

4、f exports and imports between 2004-2006.,Chart 1.1 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 2005, percentage) Source: WTO, ITS 2006,Source: WTO, International Trade Statistics 2006, P33,Table 1.3 Leading exporters 2006: US$1760 billion ; (1.76万亿美元) Outgrow both national production ,

5、Table 1.6 Chinas Total Value of Merchandise Exports Beverages and tobacco (1); Non-food items (2); Mineral fuel, lubricating oil and related raw material (3); Animal and vegetable oils and fats and wax (4); Chemical industrial products and related products (5); Finished products classified by raw ma

6、terials (6); Machinery and transportation equipment (7); Other products (8); Items unclassified commodities (9). 0-4：primary products; 5-8: finished products.,Table 1.8 Composition of Chinas Imports Mode 2: the supply of a service in the territory of one Member to the service consumer of another Mem

7、ber； Mode 3: the supply of a service through the commercial presence of the foreign supplier in the territory of another WTO member； Mode 4: through the presence of foreign nationals.,Table 1.10 An estimation of trade flows in services according to their relative importance,3 The Changing Degree of

8、Dependence on Foreign Trade,Degree of dependence on foreign trade = export/GDP + import/GDP Increases in the export/GDP ratio indicate that a higher percentage of the output of final goods produced within a countrys borders is being sold abroad. Increases in the import/GDP ratio indicate that the de

9、gree of dependence of a countrys utilization of world resources.,Measuring the relative size of trade,Perspectives on the increasing ratio of value of foreign trade to GDP in China,1978: 22.8%; 2000: 43.9%; 2004:70%. 1. Chinas economic growth relies heavily on the world market, risky. 2. GDP: underestimated, processing trade accounts for the bulk of exports. 3. To make adjustment to the conventional formula.,Ratio of dependence on foreign trade of some countries in 2002 （percentage）,Source：中国 对外贸易前沿（4）P105,Assignment:,1. Read “Chapter 1 The World of International Economics” in Inte