phonics自然拼读教法与策略.ppt

1、Phonics and Phonetics Teaching in Primary schools Hou Yun Jie School of Foreign Languages Yunnan Normal University ,小学英语新课标语音教学要求Requirements for phonetics teaching in primary school,1 知道错误的发音会影响交际 importance of pronunciation 2知道字母名称的发音 letter sound 3了解简单的拼读规律 Phonics 4了解单词的重音 Stress 5语音清楚，语调自然 （句子重

2、音stress，连读liason，语调intonation，停顿pause，节奏rhythm）,Phonics (自然拼读法),What is PHONICS? -LetterName：26 letters. -LetterSound: Letter A in apple. -Blending: “er”.,Function of phonics,Useful for learning to read words. Necessary for reading. Helpful for memorizing words. It is believed to be skillful in phon

3、ics within 100 hours training.,自然拼读（Phonics）,“由于未能充分理解新课程标准，许多英语老师在进行词汇教学时忽略了语音的教学，造成学生只能被老师牵着鼻子走，只能跟着老师拼读，而不能利用语音知识进行词汇的自学，既限制了教师的教学，更限制了学生自主的学习(autonomous learning)。 在初一不打好语音的基础，将会给以后的英语学习留下严重的“后遗症”，初三还要求补上语音课。失去良好机会，其后果是：学生念不准单词缺乏自学能力，学习英语的兴趣锐减，最后导致放弃不学。”,自然拼读（Phonics）,“那种完全口语化教学或模仿式教学都会让学生过的知道，老

4、师变成“英语鹦鹉”(English parrot)，只知道模仿，老师教过的知道，没教的或变种说法，学生就不知所云了，结果增加学生英语学习负担，把英语学死了。”,自然拼读（Phonics）,学生两极分化(Students polarization)最根本的原因是由于学生语音没有过关造成的。而英语教学最头疼的就是语音教学，学好语音是英语学习入门的关键，也是练好听说读写基本功的基础，过了语音关，才能培养学生自学能力，进而建立学习(learning)、自学(self-learning)、循环(self-progressing)三个体制。,Phonics Learning,Final aim: “见其形

5、读其音，听其音写其形” Read according to the spelling Write according to the sound,Teaching Phonics,Stage 1: 音素感知 (Phoneme awareness) Stage 2: 字母 (Letter sound) Stage 3: 连缀 (Consonants blends) Stage 4: 组合 (Vowels combination),Stage1: Phoneme Awareness（音素感知）,Phoneme is the minimal part of phonetics. 音素是口语中最小的语音

6、单位，它能使词语产生差异。作为阅读教学的目的，一个音素就是由一个或几个印刷字母构成的单音。,Phoneme awareness practice(1):Segments of words,1. How many sounds do you hear? cup, bat, this 2. What is the last sound for “man” ? What is the first sound of “boy” ? What is the middle sound “got” ? 3. Drag each sound into the box “chip” . 4. Drag /mat

7、ch the picture on the top to the picture on the bottom with the same end sound ? Drag/match the picture on the top to the picture on the bottom with the same begining sound.,Phoneme awareness practice (2): Recognition of blends,Try, train, truck Swing, sweet, swim,Phoneme awareness practice (3): Wor

8、ds recognition?,Dog and cat were friends. I can see the box. Her house is red. She can see the moon. Can you smell the dog? A pig can be a hog. Stand in line. He sat on his bed. I did my math fast.,Phoneme awareness practice (4): Finding similarities,-Find the words with short sounds. Cat, dog, toe

9、-Find the words with the same long vowel sound, night, sit or sew. -Which word says block? Black, bloke, block -Find something starts with “k”. Crayon, car, camera -Find the words which with the sound “th”. Bath, thumb, flower -Listen to this word, sh, ow, is it town, shone, show? -Which is the corr

10、ect way to separate can, pack, shoe.,Phoneme awareness practice (5):Classification and finding the rules,Lake bag Hate bad Page sad Date map Take hat Table cap Face cat,Late act Sale glad Thank skate Lake actor Tap sad Rat plate Ate pat,Phoneme awareness practice (6):Games,游戏规则 寻找“a”发音相同的单词，共分为两组，用不

11、同的颜色标出图形。 Mass tab pace Sat pat haste Lad case state Latter shade spade,音素感知（Phoneme Awareness）,“学习听辨单词中的音、熟练处理这些音、拆分这些音对我的学生来说都是非常重要的。我一天要花15-20分钟时间和我的学生们一起做这些练习，来确保他们有音素感知的基石以增加他们作为读者的成功体验。我明白这样做的好处不仅仅是提高他们的音素感知，而且我的学生将能够更加有准备地阅读单词和理解他们所阅读的内容。同样重要的是，我正在教他们怎样去听音以便如同他们拼和写一样变得更加准确。”（Maragret Fischer)

12、,Stage 2,Letter sound (1) consonant letters (2) vowel letters Chants, rhymes, songs, stories, games, activites ,B,Bee, bird, bear Bag, bed, book Boat bone B- ag, ell, end, ig it, ob, ox, ug.自然拼读法,C,Can, cat, coat, candy Cake, coke, cook, car,D,Dad, doll, desk, dog Door, duck, dice, deer D- ad, an, i

13、d, ig, uck,F,Fox, food, foot, finger Fan, face, fire, fish F an, at, ed, ell ig, it, og, ox,G,Girl, god, game, gun Gate, goose, goat, gift G ap, as, od, ot, um un,H,Hot, hen, hair, house Hat, hill, hand, horse H at, elp, en,im,it,op,ot,um,ut,J,Jam, juice, jelly, june Jet, jar, jump, jeep J et, ig, i

14、m, ob, ab, am ell,K,Key, kite, kiss, kind Kid, kick, kitty, king K ick, id, ill,im,L,Lamp, lace, leg, letter Leaf, lion, lock, look L Amb,amp, eg, et, ock, ot, uck, ug,M,Man, map, mop, milk Meat, moon, mouse, mango M ad, ap, ell, en, mill, it, od, op, um, ot, un, ut,N,Net, now, nest, nail Nut, nose,

15、 name, nurse N,P,Pot, pig, panda, peach Pen, play, park, pear P at, ass, en et, ick, ig, op, ot,Q,Quiz, quick, quit Quiet, quilt, queen,R,Rat, race, rain, robot Ring, rose, rope, rabbit R an, at, ed, ib, ock, od, ub, un,S,Sun, sad, sing, snow Sky, seal, star, swan S am, at ell, et, ick, it, un,T,Tap

16、, top, ten, tea Table T ap, ax, ell, en, im, ip, od, op,V,Vine, van, vote, violin Visa, voice, vase, valley,W,Web, watch, winter, window Wind, water, wood, witch W ick, ig, am, ap, ell,es,Y,Yarn, yoke, young, yo-yo You, yarn, yard, year Y am, ap, ell, es,Z,Zone, zoom, zipper Zoo, zero, zebra Z ag, e

17、n ip,a,Cat, fat, sat, hat, rat/ Can, man, pan, ran/Lap, tap, cap, map Dad, had, bad, sad/Lag, tag, sag, wag, bag Jam, ham ram, yam Dan has a cat. Dad has an ax. A fat cat sat on a sad rat. Dad and Dan ran on sand. Sam has ham and jam. Dan has a cap and a bag. The man ran fast. Max ran as fast as the

18、 man.,a,Bake, cake, lake, make, sake, stake, shake Came, lame, name, dame, same, tame Bane, cane, dane, fane, lane, mane, pane Fade, make, bade, jade, lade, wade, trade Dave, gave, pave, save, bave, cave Tate will bake a cake for Janes sake. Tate has a date with Kate. But Kate is late. My pal is pal

19、e.,This is pam. Pam sees a man. His name is James. Pam and James had a date. Pam made a cake. They ate the cake by the lake.,At, cap, map 我家dad, 脾气bad, 让我sad, 有只cat, 非常fat, 专吃rat。 Name, game, plane 放下plate， 赶到gate， 已经late， 清晨wake， 来到lake，钩上snake.,e,Hen, men, pen, ten Bell, fell, tell, well, hell Get

20、, let, met, pet Fed, led, red, Ted, bed Beg, leg, Meg, Peg Ted met Peg. Peg fed the pet. The pet has ten legs.,Peg had a red pet. Dont get the pet wet. Ted had a bell. Peg had a well. The bell fell. Teds bell fell into Pegs well. Jen went to the west. Can Ken tell Jen to send a vest? Ken and Peg met

21、 a ten-legged pet.,e,He, we, be Eve, steve, Chinese Pete, these, Japanese This is Pete. This is Steve. Pete and Steve are Chinese.,Egg, ten, red 撇下net， 鱼没get， 衣服wet， 为捉pest， 从不rest， 本领best.,i,Dip, hip, lip, tip Fin, pin, tin, win Bit, fit, hit, sit Fill, hill, mill, pill Big, dig, fig, pig Bid, did,

22、 hid, lid, kid Jim is a big kid.,Jill is ill. Bill hid her pill. Will Bill tell Jill? His pig is big. Jim bit his pig. Jim and Tim ran with the hen. Jill hid the cat in her hat. The pot is on the top of the box. Jon can hop on a log. Tods fox is in Bobs box. Can Tom hop? Tom can hop on and off the l

23、og.,i,Ride, side, wide, hide, side Bine, wine, vine, fine, mine Like, bike, mike, pike, dike Five, hive, dive, live Tire, fire, hire Mile, tile, pile I like to ride on a bike. I can ride a bike and I can slide. It is fine to hide the kite. Mike and I like to ride on bikes.,I am Mike and I am fine. I

24、 have wine and the wine is mine. I am Hine and I am tired. I have a pike and the pike can bite. I see Mike, and Mike can dive. He can dive in the morning at five.,It, kid, pink 一只pig， 非常big， 把洞dig， 没给tip， 把我lip， 装上zip. Ice, nice, time 一只kite， 颜色white， 被狗bite， 学会ride，妈妈pride.,o,Got, hot, lot, not, po

25、t Cod, nod, pod, sod Box, fox, pox, sox Cob, job, mob, rob Hop, pop, top, chop, shop The pot is on the top of the box. Jon can hop on a log. Tods fox is in Bobs box. Hop, hop, hop! Dan can hop on and off the box. Can Tom hop? Tom can hop on and off the log.,o,Coke, poke, joke, moke, woke Hole, pole,

26、 cole, boe, mole Bone, cone, hone, pone, tone Pose, cose, hose, nose, rose, dose Sore, tore, bore, core, store Home, dome, pome, Rome, tome,You can water the rose with the hose. Rome is not my home. Rose rode with a rod. Dont mope! Have some hope! Joe will hum if Ron has to mop. I see a bloke. Drink

27、ing a coke. But when I woke, Tone has a bone and a cone. Hone has pone and a phone. Tone and Hone Like to be in the zone.,Hop, mop, nod 清晨jog， 带上dog， 踩到frog，轻轻hop， 跳上top， 唱起 pop. Bone, note, hole 把眼close， 用我nose， 去闻rose， 喝着coke， 听着joke， 把腰broke.,u,Bun, fun, gun, run, sun Bug, dug, hug, jug, rug, tug

28、 Gum, hum, sum, mum, bum But, cut, nut, rut Dub, rub, sub, tub This is a bug. The bug had the bun and the nut. The bug got mud on the rug. His bug can hum and run. The bus ride is fun.,u,Use, fuse, muse, Cute, mute Pure, cure Cube, tube Sue put a tube in a tub. Luke gave us a fuse to use. This tube

29、is on the cube. This mule has a cure.,Us, cup, jump 举着gun， 瞄准sun， 不停run，小小bug, 把我hug. Tune, cube, fuse 找个excuse， 借车use， 遭到refuse， 假装mute， 真是cute.,Stage 3 Consonant blends,Consonant Blends,Bl Block, black, blame, bleed, blue Fl Flag, flap, float, flee, fly Cl Clock, class, clean, clap, clown Gl Glad,

30、 glass, globe, glide, glaze,Pl Play, plan, plate, plane, plane, please Sl Sleep, slip, slave, slide, slam,br, cr, dr, gr, fr, tr, pr, str,Br Bride, brick, brave, broke, bridge Cr Crab, cream, creep, cross, cry Dr Dress, drink, drum, drop, dragon Gr Gray, grade, grape, grass, green,fr, tr, pr, str,Fr

31、 Frog, free, from, frank, frame Tr Trip, train, track, truck, try Pr Prize, pride, pray, price, proud Str Strike, street, stream, string, stroke,Sn, sp, sw, sm, st,Sn Snake, snail, snap, snack, snow Sp Spot, spin, speak, spell, sparrow Sw Swim, sway, sweet, swell, swing Sm Smile, small, smell, smoke

32、, smart St Stamp, stand, steam, street, step, still, stop, star,ce, ge,Ce Ice, mice, nice, face, race, dance, since,fence, prince, place, palace Ge Age, cage, page, rage, huge, arge, forge, George, change,Th, sh, ch, wh,Th Father, mother, brother, gather, other Th Bath, birth, month, mouth, tooth Sh

33、 She, ship, sheep, shop, shore Cash, wash, dish, wish, push,Ch, ch, wh,Ch Chick, church, chair, chin, children, change Ch Catch, watch, ranch, bench, each, beach, peach, teach, ditch, lunch Wh Whale, what, wheel, whether, why, whistle, wheat, when, where, whip,Special Combinations,Consonant Blends,f

34、l bl cl,gl cl sl,Flag Flap Float Flee Fly,f l,Sky In the sky Flies in the sky The flag flies in the sky The blue flag fly in the sky,Listen and check off the word that you hear,flap,clap,Listen and check off the word that you hear,flat,blanc,Listen and check off the word that you hear,slang,flesh,Li

35、sten and check off the word that you hear,sleep,flee,fl,agflag eshflesh atflat ab abby ea,flab,flabby,flea,The blue_ flies in the sky. A. flag B.plate,flag,All the_ are in bloom. A. flowers B.blouse,flowers,The Flea,John Donne (1572-1631) Mark but this flea, and mark in this How little that which th

36、ou deniest me is; Me is sucked first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be,Special sounds of the lettles “c” “g” “y”,“y” ,By My Fly Cry Dry,Fry Pry Try Sky Sly shy,The fly Fry the fly Dry and fry the fly Try to dry and fry the fly Dont cry Please dont cry Please dont and tr

37、y to dry and fry the fly,Listen and check off the words that completes each sentence,The clothes are _ means the clothes are not wet. A.dry B. fry C.cry D. try,dry,Find the words that completes each sentence,Please dont _ and _ to _ the kite in the _. dry sky cry fly fry try,cry,try,fly,sky,Consonan

38、t Digraphs,两个字母发一个音 “ch”,chick church chair chin children change,catch watch ranch bench Each Beach Peach,There are a lot of fish in the ditch Two hungry cats want to eat the fish The cats jump into the ditch Can the cats catch the fish? The children watch.,Listen and fill in the missing letters,_ic

39、k _in _eer _air _ild _ange,_erry _ange,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,Listen and fill in the missing letters,wat_ cat_ mat_ wit_,dit_ ea_ bea_ tea_ ben_,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,ch,Find the word in the box that completes the senternce.,We sit on the _ to hear the _ sing in the. children, bench, catch, churc

40、h, watch,bench,children,church,Find the word in the box that completes the sentence.,The _ like to sit on the and _ the _ _, . children, bench, catch, church, watch teacher, teach,children,bench,watch,teacher,teach,Sounds of the letters“ou” “ow” oo“”,“oo”,Book Cook Hook Look took,Goose Food Room Moo

41、n Tool,Stage 4 : Vowels Combinations,Oo,The cook took a book and looked. The cook hooked a hook on the book.,oo,Where is the goose? The goose is in my room. What is she doing in your room? She is looking for food in my room.,Listen and fill in the missing letters,b_k c_k l_k t_k f_d h_k,g_se m_se n_

42、n sp_n r_m,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,oo,Separate the letters into the words, and make a sentence,Thegoosefoundfoodintheroom thecooktookabookandlooked,R-controlled vowels,母音加“r”的发音 “ur”,Fur Burn Turn Nurse Purse Turtle,Murder Murmur Turkey purple,ur,The nurse had a fur purse. She turns and burns

43、the purse.,ur,“Who murdered the purple turtle?” murmured the turkey.,Listen and fill in the missing letters,n_se f_ t_key h_t,m_mur p_se p_ple,ur,ur,ur,ur,ur,ur,ur,Fill in the blanks with “ur”,The n_se has a p_ple p_se.,ur,ur,ur,Ou, ow,Ou Mouth, ouch, out, our, shout, count, found, round, loud, hous

44、e, mouse Ow Cow, how, plow, clown, crown, down, town, brown, flower, tower,Ou Bounce, cloud, sound 西瓜round，长在ground，被我found， 一只mouse， 穿件blouse，走进house. Ow Show, window, slowly 天在snow，风在blow， 树在grow， 秋风follow，树叶yellow， 落到pillow. Ow Flower, brown, crowd 不知cow, 近况how， 去问now，一座town， 不停down， 快要drown.,Oo,

45、 ar,Oo Book, cook, hook, look, took Oo Goose, food, room, moon, tool Ar Bar, car, far, jar, star Bark, dark, mark, park, spark Cart, dart, part, chart, start, bard, card, hard, lard, yard,Oo 带上hook，来到brook， 水面look， 手拿book，一边look， 开始cook. Oo 炎热noon，一个fool， 跳上spoon， 掉进pool，飞到moon，真是cool. Ar 开着car， 向着s

46、tar， 路途far， 想变smart， 必须start， 学习art.,Er, ir, ur,Er Mother, father, sister, brother, butter, other, anther, ever, forever Teacher, hunter, farmer, baker, after, river, tower, flower, summer winter Ir Fir, sir, stir, bird, third, birth, circle, circus Skirt, shirt, dirt, first, thirst, girl, dirty, fi

47、rm Ur Fur, burn, turn, hurt, nurse, purse, turtle, murder, murmur, turkey, purple,Er Farmer, under, sister 一个driver, 掉进river，生命over，一个robber，专抢rubber. Ir Girl, first, dirty 穿上shirt，脱下skirt，扔进dirt，这只bird，总跑third. Ur Burn, turkey, turn 一个nurse，丢了purse，买只turtle，颜色purple,Or,Born, corn, horn, torn Fort,

48、port, sort, short, sport Cork, fork, pork, york Dorm, form, storm, horse, north, forth,Or Born, morning, forty 个子short，喜欢sport，跑到airport，拿着port，吃着pork.,ai,Ail Fail, bail, jail, mail, tail, nail, sail, rail, pail Aid Laid, maid, paid The mail will sail. Pam and Kent sat on the rail. The man paid the

49、maid. The men sail with mail on a pail. Rain, rain The me ran with pain in the rain.,ay,Day, gay, hay, lay, play, bay, may, say, clay, ray, way, away, gray, pay. Fay is gay. Fay says, “Let me pay today”. Ray and May play on the hay. He says we have to pay for the clay. Its the day we play at the bay

50、.,ee,Bee, see, fee, tree Deed, heed, feed, seed Deep, keep, sheep, weep, sweep This is Lee, this is Pete And this is a bee. Lee and Pete feed the bee. Dee is sweet. She will sweep the street at three. He and she need a jeep this week.,Ee Green, feel, sleepy 一只bee,躲进tree,没人see, 悬崖deep,开着jeep,莫要sleep,

51、ea,Deal, heal, meal, real Beat, feat, neat, weat, meat Bean dean, jean, mean, clean Jean and Dean eat beans and meat. Jean had a dream. She will be on the team. The sea is in the east. The beach is neat and clean. When will Dean reach the beach.,Ea Meal, meat, seat 一颗pea，掉进sea，泡壶tea，身体weak，爬上peak，无力

52、speak. Ea Ready, heavy, deaf 吞进lead，摸摸head，已经dead，吃着bread，报纸spread，开始read.,oa,Coat, goat, moat boat, soak Load, road, toad There is a toad on the road near the moat. The goat is on the road. You can use the soap to wash the coat. The toad is fishing on the boat.,Oa Soap,road, roast 一只goat，穿件coat，上了b

53、oat，一片oat，卡在throat.,Al, oy,All, ball, call, small, talk, walk Hall tall, hallway Oy Boy, toy Enjoy, soy milk, soy sauce 有个boy，玩着toy，心中joy，跳进soy，尽情enjoy.,au, aw, or, ore, oor, ough,Au August, autumn, Laura, Paul Aw Draw, law, strawberry Or,ore,oor Horse, north, sport, forty, order, important More, st

54、ore, before Door, floor Ough Bought, fought, thought,Er, ir, ur, or, ear,Or Word, work, world Ear Learn, heard, early,ea, ie,eg Bread, head, breakfast, healthy, heavy, sweater, weather ie (e, ee, ea, ie) Field, piece, believe,Ear, eer, ere; Air, ear, ere,Ear, eer, ere Dear, ear, hear, near, year Bee

55、r, deer, peer Here Air, ear, ere Hair, chair Pear, wear Where, everywhere, there,i, ie, igh, y,igh Bright, fight, high night, right, tonight Y By, cry my, shy, why, July,Oi, oy,Oi, oy Join, voice, noisy Boy, enjoy U, ew Few, news O, oa, ow Blow, bowl, grow, know, show, slow, snow Oor, our, ure Poor,

56、 tour, sure,Gh, ph, gu, ck, qu,gh Laugh, enough ph Photo, elephant, geography gu Guess, guest ck Black, jacket, clock, sock qu Quilt, quite, quarter, question, quickly, quiet,Kn,ng, wr, ng, nc, nk, wh, tw,Kn Know, knife, knee Ng Long, thing, along, boring, crossing, dumpling Wr Write, wrong, wrap Ng

57、 Long, thing, along, boring, crossing, dumpling Nk Bank, drink, thank, think, Frank Wh Who, whose, whole Tw Twelve, twin, between , twenty,A story with short sound “a”,The mother rat and her babies are playing in the garden. A fat cat is coming to catch them for dinner. The mother rat and her babies try to run away. But the baby rats cant run very fast. The cat is getting closer and closer. Suddenly, the mother rat stops running and turns around. She shouts